Copper clinical importance for medical students
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Copper is an essential micronutrient that is incorporated into various proteins and enzymes involved in important metabolic functions. The body contains around 100mg of copper distributed across organs. Copper deficiency or toxicity can be genetic or non-genetic in origin. Copper is necessary for hemoglobin synthesis and is a component of enzymes like cytochrome c oxidase, lysyl oxidase, and ceruloplasmin which is involved in iron transport. Dietary sources include meat, eggs, cereals, and vegetables while copper requirements are 2-3mg/day for adults and 0.5-2mg/day for children.
Copper clinical importance for medical students
- 3. Copper is an essential trace element (i.e., micronutrient) copper is essential to the proper functioning of organs and metabolic processes. Body contains about 100 mg copper distributed in different organ. Copper is incorporated into a variety of proteins and metalloenzymes which perform essential metabolic functions. Copper deficiency and toxicity can be either of genetic or non-genetic origin.
- 4. Biochemical functions Biochemical functions of copper
- 5. Cytochrome oxidase catalase tyrosinase Super oxide dismutase Monoamine oxidase Ascorbic acid oxidase Phenol oxidase and uricase ALA synthase copper Due to its presence in a wide variety of enzymes, copper is involved in many metabolic reaction.
- 6. Copper is necessary for the synthesis of Hemoglobin ( Cu is a constituent of ALA synthase, needed for heme synthesis).
- 7. Lysine Residues of collagen and elastin to allysin. Lysyl oxidase( a copper-containing enzyme)
- 8. Ceruloplasmin exhibits a copper-dependent oxidase activity. oxidation of Fe2+ (ferrous iron) into Fe3+ (ferric iron) Ceruloplasmin assist iron transport in the plasma in association with transferrin, which can carry iron only in the ferric state.
- 9. Copper is necessary for the synthesis of melanin and phospholipids……..
- 10. Hemocyanin, a copper protein complex in invertebrates, functions like hemoglobin for 0xygen transport.
- 12. Bone development Nervous system development
- 15. Liver kidney Meat Egg yolk cereals Green veggies
- 16. Milk is poor source of copper
- 18. Copper
- 21. 1. Phytate 2. Zinc 3. molybdenum 1. Metallothionein
- 23. Demineralization of bones, Demyelination of neural tissue, Anemia, Fragility of arteries, Myocardial fibrosis, Hypopigmentation of skin, Greying of hair.
- 24. Plasma copper 100-200mg/dl 95% tightly bound to ceruloplasmin 5% loosely bound to Albumin Normal concentration of serum ceruloplasmin is 25-50 mg/dl.
- 25. The symptoms of Menke's disease include decreased copper in plasma and anemia and depigmentation of hair. Defect in the intestinal absorption of copper
- 28. Copper is deposited in abnormal amounts in liver and lenticular nucleus of brain. This may lead to hepatic cirrhosis and brain necrosis
- 29. KF ring
- 30. Low levels of copper and ceruloplasmin in plasma with increased excretion of copper in urine. Copper deposition in kidney causes renal damage. This leads to increased excretion of amino acids, glucose, peptides and hemoglobin in urine. Intestinal absorption of copper is very high, about 4-6 times higher than normal.
- 31. penicillamine treatment relies on its binding to accumulated copper and elimination through urine
- 33. Thank you