CPR.pptx

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
(CPR)
Presented by,
Tadvi Hemant
M.Sc (Nursing)
SSNC

INTRODUCTION :
 BLS( basic life support ) is a level of medical care
which is used for victims of threatening illnesses or
injuries until they can be given full medical care at a
hospital.
 It can be provided by trained medical personnel,
including emergency medical technicians, paramedics
and by lay persons who have received BLS training.

 Basic life support promotes adequate blood
circulation in addition to breathing through a clear
airway in cases of heart attack, allergic reactions,
suffocation, electric shock, choking, drowning etc.
 It is everyone’s responsibility to provide BLS by
using facilities or materials available at that time
before regular medical help is imparted.

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
It consist of heart, arteries, veins etc. Its primary
function is to
 Purify and circulate the blood.
 Help in distributing the nutrition to different parts
of the body.

HEART
 It is roughly a cone shaped muscular organ. It
contract continuously to work as a pump.
 It consist of 4 separate hollow chambers, right side
of the heart, made up of the right atrium and right
ventricle, the left side of heart composed of left
atrium and left ventricle.
 It is situated between the lungs and other chest
contents more towards left side of the chest, and
between the 2nd to 6th ribs, behind the sternum.

THE HEART-LUNG-BRAIN RELATIONSHIP
 The related activities of the heart and lung are also
regulated by the brain. The heart pumps the blood to the
lungs to pickup oxygen. When this oxygenated blood is
returned to the heart, it is pumped to the brain and other
organs of the body.
 The brain in turn will send signals to regulate the
activities of the heart and lungs.

 If the brain does not receive enough oxygen to
survive, its cells will begin to die in 4-6 min (4min
brain damage begins and 10min brain death occur).
 Lack of oxygen to the heart muscles will cause the
heart to beat improperly and then to stop beating,
cardiac arrest will occur.
 To re-establish both pulmonary and heart, apply CPR
(cardiopulmonary resuscitation).

CPR
MEANING
 Cardio:- Pertaining to the heart.
 Pulmonary:- Pertaining to the lung.
 Resuscitation:- Refers to restoration of life or
consciousness of one apparently dead.
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency
Procedure for life support, consisting of artificial
respiration and manual external cardiac massage.

DEFINATION
 CPR is the technique of basic life support for the purpose of
oxygenating the brain and heart until appropriate definitive
medical treatment (advanced cardiac life support) can restore
the normal heart and ventilator action.
–American heart association 2010.

INDICATIONS
 Heart attack
• Loss of consciousness
• No heart beat/ No pulse
 Electric shock
 Asphyxia (decreases O2 and increase CO2 in
blood).
 Suffocation (blocking of the air passage)
 Drowning
 Choking

 Drug overdose
 Automobile accidents
 Fires
 Poisoning
 Allergic reactions
 Secondary to severe injuries

SEQUENCES
 Assessment and intervention for the patient with cardiac arrest
includes utilization of the CAB protocol.
 Principle of the CPR is changed from airway, breathing &
circulation (ABC) to CAB.
 The CAB of basic CPR include :
Circulation : promoting artificial circulation by external
cardiac compression when there is no pules
Airway :
Breathing : Provide artificial ventilation

Approach safely
Open airway
Check breathing
Check response
Call for help
30chest compressions
Call 108
2 rescue breaths
STEPS

APPROACH SAFELY!
Scene
Rescuer
Victim
APPROACH SAFELY
Check response
Call for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Call 108
2 rescue breaths
30 chest compressions

CHECK RESPONSE
Approach safely
CHECK RESPONSE
Call for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Call 108
2 rescue breaths

Shake shoulders
gently
Ask “Are you all
right?”
If he not responds
 Find out what is
wrong.
 Reassess regularly.
CHECK RESPONSE

CALL FOR HELP
Approach safely
Open airway
Check breathing
Check response
CALL FOR HELP
Call 108
2 rescue breaths

30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Approach safely
Check response
Call for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Call 108
30 Chest Compressions
2 rescue breaths

CHEST COMPRESSION:
 The foundation of CPR is chest compression.
Follow these steps to perform chest
compression in an adult.
 Position yourself at the victim side.
 Make sure the victim is lying face up on a
firm, flat surface.
 Put the heel of one hand on the centre of the
victims chest on the lower half of the sternum
about 4cm(1.5 inch) from the tip of xiphoid
process.

 Put the heel of your other hand on top of
the first hand.
 Straiten your arms and position your
shoulders directly over your hands.
 Push hard and fast

Press down at least 5-6cm(2inch) with
each compression(this require hard work)
,for each compression make sure you push
straight down on the victims breast bone.
Deliver compressions in a smooth fashion
at the rate of at least 100- 120 per min.

At the end of each compression make sure
you allow the chest to recoil (re expand)
completely. Chest recoil allows blood to
flow into the heart and is necessary for
chest compressions to create blood flow.
Incomplete chest recoil is harmful because
it reduces the blood flow created by chest
compressions.

Chest compression and chest recoil time
should be approximately equal.
Minimize the interruption

 Place the heel of one hand in
the centre of the chest
 Place other hand on top
 Interlock fingers
 Compress the chest
 Rate 100 To120 per min
 Depth 5-6 cm
 Equal compression : relaxation
 When possible change CPR
operator every 2 min
CHEST COMPRESSIONS

OPEN AIRWAY
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
OPEN AIRWAY
Check breathing
Call 108
2 rescue breaths

AIRWAY
 Loss of consciousness often results in
airway obstruction due to loss of tone in
the muscles of the airway and falling back
of the tongue.

HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT
 Place one hand on the victims fore head and
push with palm to tilt the head back.
 Place the finger of the other hand under the
bony part of the lower jaw near the chin.
 Lift the jaw to bring the chin forward.

Open airway
Check breathing
CALL 108
LOCAL EMERGENCY NUMBER

CHECK BREATHING
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Open airway
CHECK BREATHING
Call 108
2 rescue breaths

CHECK BREATHING
 Look, listen and feel for
NORMAL breathing
 Do not confuse agonal
breathing with
NORMAL breathing

AGONAL BREATHING
Occurs shortly after the heart stops
in up to 40% of cardiac arrests
Described as barely, heavy, noisy or gasping
breathing
Recognise as a sign of cardiac arrest
Erroneous information can result in
withholding CPR from cardiac arrest victim

RESCUE BREATHS
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Call 108
2 RESCUE BREATHS

RESCUE BREATHS
 Pinch the nose
 Take a normal breath
 Place lips over mouth
 Blow until the chest
rises
 Take about 1 second
 Allow chest to fall
 Repeat

RESCUE BREATHS
RECOMMENDATIONS:
- Respiratory rate
give each breaths over about 1s with enough
volume to make the victim’s chest rise
- Chest-compression-only
continuously at a rate of 100to120 per min

Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Call 108
2 rescue breaths

HIGH QUALITY CPR
 Rate at least 100-120/min AHA 2015..
 Compression depth at least 2 inches to 2.4 (5to 6cm)
AHA 2015.
 Allow complete chest recoil after each compression.
 Minimize interruptions in chest compression.
 Avoid excessive ventilation.

TERMINATION OF CPR
 CPR can be terminated if spontaneous
circulation and respiration begins.
 The victim is turned over to a physician or
emergency medical service team.
 Another trained personnel takes over.
 The rescuer is too exhausted to carry on.

COMPLICATIONS OF CPR
 Fractures of the ribs or sternum
 Damage to the neck bone
 Distension of the abdomen with air
 Bleeding in to the abdomen
 Aspiration of the vomitus into lungs

CPR.pptx

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