Dengue hearhgic fever by dr muhammad tuseef javed
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This document discusses dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), a severe mosquito-borne viral illness characterized by increased vascular permeability, hypovolemia, and abnormal blood clotting. It is caused by any of four dengue virus serotypes and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. DHF symptoms include high fever, bleeding, and plasma leakage that can lead to shock. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement and management of bleeding and shock. Prevention emphasizes eliminating mosquito breeding sites and using protective measures against mosquito bites.
Dengue hearhgic fever by dr muhammad tuseef javed
- 1. DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER By: Dave Jay Sibi. Manriquez BSN, RN DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 2. What is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever? DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED IPH LAHORE DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 3. IINTRODUCTION: Philippine Hemorrhagic Fever was first reported in 1953. In 1958, hemorrhagic became a notifiable disease in the country and was later reclassified as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. What is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever? • A severe mosquito transmitted viral illness endemic in the tropics. • It is characterized by increased vascular permeability, hypovolemia and abnormal blood DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED clotting mechanisms.
- 4. WHO case definition for DHF: • fever or history of recent fever • thrombocytopenia (platelet count equal to or less than 100 x 10 / cu mm) • hemorrhagic manifestations such as petechiae or overt bleeding phenomena, and • evidence of plasma leakage due to increase vascular permeability Infectious Agent / Etiologic Agent: Flaviviruses; Dengue Virus Types 1, 2, 3, and 4 DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 5. Occurrence: Dengue occurrence is sporadic throughout the year. Epidemic usually occurs during the rainy seasons June – November. Peak months are September and October. DHF are observed most exclusively among children of the indigenous population under 15 years of age. Occurrence is greatest in the areas of high Aedis Aegypti prevalence. DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 6. Notifiable Diseases and Deaths by Cause in the Philippines (2001 – 2004) 2001 2002 2003 2004 Notifiable Diseases Reported Reported Reported Reported Cases Deaths Cases Deaths Cases Deaths Cases Deaths Dengue Fever 23,235 13,187 18,039 15,838 Source: National Statistics Office DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 7. INCIDENCE OF DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN CEBU CITY (YEAR 2007) Selected Number of New Cases Number of Deaths Year Communicable Disease: total male female total male female Dengue / DHF 43, 350 … … 416 … … 2007 Source: Department of Health Region VII DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 8. Reservoir / Source of Infection: • Some source is a vector mosquito, the Aedes Aegypti or the common household mosquito • The infected person DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 9. Mode of Transmission: Mosquito bite (Aedis Aegypti) Incubation Period: Probably 6 days to one week Period of Presumed to be on the 1st week of illness – when virus is still Communicability: present in the blood Susceptibility and All persons are susceptible. Both sexes are equally affected. The age resistance: groups predominantly affected are the preschool age and school age. Adults and infants are not exempted. Peak age affected 5-9 years. Susceptibility is universal. DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED immunity may be Acquired temporary but usually permanent.
- 10. Diagnostic Test: 1.) Tourniquet Test (Rumpel Leads Tests) • Inflate the blood pressure cuff on the upper arm to a point midway between the systolic and diastolic pressure for 5 minutes • Release cuff and make an imaginary 2.5 cm square or 1 inch just below the cuff, at the antecubital fossa • Count the number of petechiae inside the box • A test is (+) when 2 or more petechiae per 2.5 cm square or 1 inch square are observed 2.) A con firmed diagnosis is established by culture of the virus, polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) tests, or serologic assays. DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 11. Clinical Manifestations (Public Health Nursing in the Philippines, 2007): An acute febrile infection of sudden onset with 3 stages: • 1st-4th day (febrile or invasive stage) -high fever, abdominal pain and headache; later flushing which may be accompanied by vomiting, conjunctiva infection and epistaxis. • 4th-7th day (toxic or hemorrhagic stage) -lowering of temperature, severe abdominal pain, vomiting and frequent bleeding from gastrointestinal tract in the form of hematemesis or melena. Unstable blood pressure, narrow pulse pressure and shock. Death may occur. Tourniquet test which may be positive may become negative dueTUSEEFlow or vasomotor collapse. DR Muhammad to JAVED
- 12. • 7th-10th day (convalescent or recovery stage) -generalized flushing with intervening areas of blanching, appetite regained and blood pressure already stable. • Dengue shock syndrome is defined as dengue hemorrhagic fever plus: *Weak rapid pulse, *Narrow pulse pressure (less than 20 mm Hg) or, *Cold, clammy skin and restlessness DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 13. Grading of Dengue Fever: The severity of DHF is categorized into four grades: • grade I, without overt bleeding but positive for tourniquet test • grade II, with clinical bleeding diathesis such as petechiae, epistaxis and hematemesis • grade III, circulatory failure manifested by a rapid and weak pulse with narrowing pulse pressure (20 mmHg) or hypotension, with the presence of cold clammy skin and restlessness; and • Grade IV, profound shock in which pulse and blood pressure are not detectable. It is note-worthy that patients who are in threatened shock or shock stage, also known as dengue shock syndrome, usually remain conscious. DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED * Grade III and IV are considered to be Dengue Shock Syndrome
- 14. MANAGEMENT DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 15. Promote rest Medication Paracetamol – for fever and muscle pains. Analgesic – for headache DON’T GIVE ASPIRIN DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 16. Rapid replacement of body fluids is the most important treatment Give ORESOL to replace fluid as in moderate dehydration at 75ml/kg in 4-6 hours or up to 2-3L in adults. Continue ORS intake until paient’s condition improves. Intravenous fluid DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 17. For hemorrhage Keep patient at rest during bleeding periods For epistaxis – maintain an elevated position of trunk and promote vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa membrane through an ice bag over the forehead. For melena – ice bag over the abdomen. DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 18. Provide support during the transfusion therapy Diet Low fat, low fiber, non- irritating, non-carbonated Noodle soup may be given Observe signs of deterioration (shock) such as low pulse, cold clammy perspiration, prostration. DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 19. PREVENTION DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 20. • Eliminate vector by: – Changing water and scrubbing sides of lower vases once a week – Destroy breeding places of mosquito by cleaning surroundings – Proper disposal of rubber tires, empty bottles and cans – Keep water containers covered DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 21. OTHER PRECAUTIONS: • When outdoors in an area where dengue fever has been found – Use a mosquito repellant – Dress in protective clothing- long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and shoes DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 22. • Keeping unscreened windows and doors closed • Keeping window and door screens repaired • Use of mosquito nets DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED
- 23. DR Muhammad TUSEEF JAVED