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Design consideration for frame
The document discusses the design considerations for truck frames, including their structural properties and the requirements for strength, deflection, and load-bearing capabilities. It emphasizes the importance of ergonomic design, manufacturability, maintenance, cost, and compliance with industry regulations. Additionally, it covers the different types of forces acting on the frame, failure modes, and reinforcement strategies to ensure durability and stability during operation.
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Introduction to frame design focusing on ergonomics, manufacturability, vehicle life, cost, and regulatory compliance.
Discussion on the spatial packaging of frames, load bearing, strength terms, and related engineering factors.
Overview of various loads like vertical, horizontal, braking, cornering, tipping, and articulation loads.
Differentiation between static forces from weight and dynamic forces from driving conditions.
Dynamic lateral forces and static torsional forces affecting the chassis frame's stability and flexibility.
Discussion on failure modes such as fatigue and the importance of rigidity and damping in frame design.
Details on frame reinforcements, including flitch and cross member concepts for improved structural integrity.
Closing remarks and acknowledgment in frame design discussion.
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Design consideration for frame
- 1.
- 2. What is Frame? Frameis a ladder shaped structure with two longitudinal rails/beams (Frame side members) and properly located many integrating and reinforcing cross members, which form the ladder structure that is used as the interface/platform between the power package and the body package in Automobiles.
- 3. The design shouldalso ensure the following: • Ergonomical design • Provision to manufacture with existing tooling, easy manufacturability. • Life of the vehicle, lesser maintenance • Cost consideration, and weight consideration. • Adherence to CMVR rule for dimensions and locations.
- 4. Packaging The spatial relationshipof the frame to the vehicle is largely determined by location requirements of chassis and payload equipment. These requirements are set by industry standards and governmental regulations. Load bearing The truck frame is designed for both strength and deflection. To ensure that the vehicle is adequate for the intended operation and that the installation does not adversely affect chassis durability . Load factor Steel structures may be stressed to just below yield under static conditions without failure. When the loading fluctuates, the maximum permissible stress is reduced. The load required to cause eventual failure decreases on the total number of applications of cycles increase.
- 5. Terms related tostrength 1.Section modulus 2. Resisting bending moment Terms related to deflection 1. Moment of inertia 2. Torsion resistance factor Terms related to applied load 1. Bending moment 2. Design factor
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- 7. Vertical bending Torsion HorizontalbendingHorizontal logening
- 8. Braking load Corneringload Tipping load Articulation load
- 9. Static forces Staticforces are caused by the mass (dead weight) of the truck and its payload. When stationary, the truck is only subjected to static forces Types of forces
- 10. Dynamic forces Dynamicforces arise while driving and are largely due to shocks from the road surface. The magnitude of these forces and their effect depends on factors such as road speed, the nature of the road surface and, to a very large extent.
- 11. Lateral forces (dynamic): The chassis frame may be subjected to large lateral forces. This applies particularly to trucks with a long wheelbase, bogie trucks and trucks with a long rear overhang used for towing a trailer. A truck with an extremely long wheelbase must have particularly high lateral rigidity. If rigidity is insufficient, the truck will “snake” while travelling.
- 12. Torsional forces (Static): When driving on uneven road surfaces, the chassis frame is exposed to large torsional forces. The front section behind the cab is torsionally flexible, while the rear section at the rear axle or bogie is torsionally rigid. This torsional flexibility provides the chassis with good mobility at the same time as ensuring adequate strength
- 13. Failure modes Fatiguefailure Crack and its propagation
- 15. Rigidity Rigidity hasa large effect on the tendency of a system oscillate. It is obviously more difficult to cause a rigid construction to oscillate than a flexible one. As rigidity increases, the natural frequency of a certain part of the bodywork and truck increases. Damping Without integrated damping, truck would oscillate freely. In addition to dampers, which are fitted to the system, there is also friction damping at all points where surfaces move in relation to each other.
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- 17. 2) Cross memberconcept Web attachment – connection is made at side-member web Flange attachment – connection is made at side- member flange Flange and web attachment – connection is a combination of web and flange attachments
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