Digital governance
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Digital India is a national program that aims to provide universal access to digital resources for citizens. Digital governance refers to using information and communication technology to carry out government functions and achieve governance goals in a more efficient manner. The government has launched several initiatives to promote digital governance, including MyGov for citizen feedback, Digital Locker for document storage, and programs to expand internet access and online services. However, challenges remain in ensuring privacy, overcoming technological barriers for disadvantaged groups, and maintaining trust in government systems.
Digital governance
- 1. DIGITAL GOVERNANCE Abstract Digital India is a large umbrella national programme that focuses at providing universal accessibility of all digital resources for citizens. ‘Digital India’ programmes an initiative of honorable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi, will emerge new progressions in every sector and generates innovative endeavors for next. Digital governance is the one of the initiative taken by the government. So, this study is focused on Digital Governance concept. The data is collected from secondary sources. The findings of the study revealed that various initiatives taken by the government for promoting the digitalized world. Thus digital-governance basically associated with carrying out the functions and achieving the results of governance through the utilization of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Key Words: Business, citizens, Digital Governance, Government,Initiatives DIGITAL GOVERNANCE INTRODUCTION Digital India is a large umbrella national programme that focuses at providing universal accessibility of all digital resources for citizens. The vision is centered on three key areas: creation of digital infrastructure, delivery of governance and services on demand, and digital empowerment of citizens. The vision of the programme aims to transform India into a digitally-
- 2. empowered society and knowledge economy through infrastructural reforms such as high-speed internet in all gram panchayats, mobile banking for all, easy access to Common Service Centers (CSC), shareable private spaces on an easily accessible public cloud and cyber-security. The ‘Digital India’ programmes an initiative of honorable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi, will emerge new progressions in every sector and generates innovative endeavors for next. DIGITAL GOVERNANCE Digital governance is a framework for establishing accountability, roles, and decision- making authority for an organization’s digital presence-which means its websites, mobile sites, social channels, and any other internet and web-enabled products and services. Thus digital-governance basically associated with carrying out the functions and achieving the results of governance through the utilization of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). While the governance relates to the safeguarding the legal rights of all citizens, an equally important aspect is concerned with ensuring equitable access to public services and the benefits of economic growth to all. It also ensures government to be transparent in its dealings, accountable for its activities and faster in its responses as part of good governance. TYPES OF GOVERNMENTINTERACTIONIN DIGITAL-GOVERNANCE G2G: Government to Government G2C: Government to Citizen G2B: Government to Business G2E: Government to Employee GOVERNMENT TO GOVERNMENT (G2G): It is the online non-commercial interaction between government organization, departments and authorities and other government organizations, departments and authorities. These services can be used as instrument of international relations and diplomacy. GOVERNMENT TO CITIZEN (G2C): It is the online non-commercial interaction between local and central government with private individuals. Public can get services such as license, death/birth/marriage certificate etc. by the government.
- 3. GOVERNMENT TO BUSINESS (G2B): It includes dissemination of policies, memos, rules and regulations. GOVERNMENT TO EMPLOYEE (G2E): It is the online non-commercial interaction between government organizations and government employees. It includes provision of human resource training and development. DIGITAL GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES There are some following initiatives made under digital governance. MY.GOV.IN Mygov.in is a innovative platform whereby citizens of the India can interact with government departments on a regular basis to provide feedback and suggestions. DIGITAL LOCKER Digi locker is the Indian government’s innovative program aimed at transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. This has been launched to eliminate the need to carry the hard copies of the various certificates issued by states, municipal agencies, school and college leaving certificates, residence and marriage proof, and even PANS cards, and intends to make them available in digital form. NATIONAL OPTICAL FIBER NETWORK It connects 2,50,000 gram panchayats in the country with optical fibre connectivity, bringing the benefits of broadband internet within reach of millions of people living in rural areas of the country. With this initiatives, government aims to combine the network and cloud infrastructure in the country to deliver services in electronic form even at the Panchayat level. EARLY HARVEST PROGRAMME Under this initiative, government aims to provide Public Wi-Fi hotspots facilities in cities with more than one million population, Wi-Fi facilities in all universities, biometric attendance and secure email services across all ministers and departments.
- 4. PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM It is a web-based online software application developed and implemented by the Office of Controller General of Accounts. Its primary objective is to track the funds released under all Plan schemes of GOI, and real time reporting of expenditure at all levels of Programme implementation. PRADHAN MANTRA JAN DHAN YOJANA It is the major initiative under digital governance. It is National Mission for Financial Inclusion. It envisages every Indian citizen above the age of 10 to open bank accounts. It aims to ensures access to financial services, namely, Banking/Saving & Deposit Accounts, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner. E-KRANTI / NATIONAL E-GOVERNANCE PLAN 2.0 The UPA government had approved a National e-governance plan comprising of 31 Mission Mode Projects and 8 components in 2006. 31 Mission Mode Projects covering a wide range of domains, viz. agriculture, land records, health, education, commercial taxes, treasuries courts, passports, etc. In 2015, this programme was modified as E-Kranti: NeGP2.0 currently, this programme has 44 Mission Mode Projects at various stages of implementation. Most of these pertain to delivery of government services via electronic mode. The overall objectives of E-Kranti are to enhance government portfolio of citizen centric services to be delivered digitally, and to ensure the optimum utilization of information technology in governance and to improve the cyber security and so on. PAYGOV INDIA Under this initiative, Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Govt. of India has collaborated with NSDL Department Management Limited for facilitating all government departments to collect the online payments from the citizens for the various services provided by the government. NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE NETWORK
- 5. It bridges the gap between rural education, urban education and international education by interconnecting all universities, private as well as government institutions of higher education/ research with the high speed data network in the country. NATIONAL VOTERS SERVICE PORTAL The National Voters Services Portal is a national portal which provide all the services relating to voter ID card, access the electoral list, apply online for corrections in voter’s card, view details of Polling booth, Assembly Constituency and Parliamentary constituency, and get the contact details of Booth Level officer, Electoral Registration Officer. NATIONAL SUPER COMPUTING MISSION It aims empowering academic and R&D institutions in the country by connecting them with network of over 70 high-performance computing facilities. The mission is being implemented by the Department of Science and Technology and Department of Electronics and Information Technology through Center for Development of Advanced Computing and Indian Institute of Science Bangalore. PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN DIGITAL SAKSHARTA ABHIYAN It is one of the largest digital programmes in the world with an aim to make 6 crore rural households digitally literate. Under this scheme, government aims to provide training to 25 lakh candidates in FY 2017-2018 and 300 lakh in the FY2018-2019. CLOUD COMPUTING E-governance with cloud computing offers integration management with automated problem resolution, manages security end -to –end, and helps budget based on actual usage of data. At a global level, cloud architectures can benefit government to reduce duplicate efforts and increase utilization of resources. This helps the government going green, reducing pollution and effective waste management. Cloud can help in analyzing the huge amount of data and detecting any fraud.
- 6. JOURNEY OF DIGITAL GOVERNANCE: FROM INDIRA GANDHI TO PM MODI Today, it has become easy for us to get the government services like passport, license, birth/death/marriage certificate or ration card. But it has come after long struggle and thanks to intervention of technology in the government- this is popularly known as digital governance. As we know that digital governance is sharing the government services and information to the public using electronic modes. This was done for enhancing the government efficiency. E-governance is not new in India. The first attempt was made in 1970 during the time of PM INDIRA GANDHI. She set up the department of electronics in 1970. Subsequently, in 1976 national informatics center was formed. The second tangible thrust on e-governance came from PM RAJIV GANDHI in 1987 in the form of establishment of national satellite based computer network. Since then there was long pause until 2006. In 2006 PM MANMOHAN SINGH launched National e-Governance Plan . And, then came May 2014, the beginning of the Modi era. MODI brings different goals and government IT- related programmes under one umbrella of Digital India, Firstly, the known one is the democratization of the payment system in India. This kind of policy, the establishment of organization like UPI and NPCI and believing in Adhaar project, the PM NARENDRA MODI has completely overvalued the debate around access to the banking system in the country. Second, the unknown or one of the major achievements of Modi government is the scrutiny of the government funds given for e-governance projects. Third, the PM has evaluated UPA era information technology projects based on the merit and that is why programmes like GeM and technology- driven GST have seen the lights of the day. CHALLENGES IN DIGITAL GOVERNANCE There are number of hurdles in the path of e-governance, some of the following are:
- 7. Confidential information on military veterans was compromised when a computer containing their personal information was lost. This type of incident can erode trust and user confidence in government system. Citizens, employees and businesses can all have their biases with respect to how transactions should be processed. An individual living below poverty line does not afford a computer to harness the benefits of e- gov. and other online benefit. CONCLUSION To conclude that e-governance has evolved in Indian scenario and how much it is required for transparency and accountability on the part of government and at the same time it’s also increase the participation of people in policy making by empowering them with the right information at right time. The services of internet and also telecommunication services in India have increased in the last decade and this gives the ray of hope to the citizen of India to fight with the long persistent problem of corruption, poverty, illiteracy and unemployment.