Direct and indirect speech
- 1. Direct and Indirect Speech
- 2. By the end of the lesson I will: • Understand the difference between direct and indirect speech. • Be able to apply this knowledge in my writing. • Accurately punctuate direct and indirect speech • Know when and how to change pronouns and verb tenses in indirect speech.
- 3. Direct speech When we use direct speech in our writing: • The exact words spoken must be put inside speech marks. “ ” • The first spoken word must have a capital letter. • When a new speaker begins, we must start a new line.
- 4. Займеники та прислівники часу і місця змінюються в такі : This – that These – those Here – there Now – then Today – on that today This week – that week Yesterday – the day before Last week – the week before Tomorrow - the next day Next week – the next week
- 5. Direct Speech Indirect Speech simple present simple past He said, “I go to school every day.” He said (that) he went to school every day. simple past past perfect He said, “I went to school every day.” He said (that) he had gone to school every day. present perfect past perfect He said, “I have gone to school every day.” He said (that) he had gone to school every day. present progressive past progressive He said, “I am going to school every day.” He said (that) he was going to school every day. past progressive perfect progressive He said, “I was going to school every day.” He said (that) he had been going to school every day, future (will) would + verb name He said, “I will go to school every day.” He said (that) he would go to school every day. future (going to) present progressive He said, “I am going to school every day.” He said (that) he is going to school every day. past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day Direct Speech Indirect Speech auxiliary + verb name simple past He said, “Do you go to school every day?” He asked me if I went to school every day.* He said, “Where do you go to school?” He asked me where I went to school.
- 6. The situation changes if instead of the common said another part of the very to say is used. In that case the verb tenses usually remain the same. Some examples of this situation are given below. Direct Speech Indirect Speech simple present + simple present simple present + simple present He says, “I go to school every day.” He says (that) he goes to school every day. present perfect + simple present present perfect + simple present He has said, “I go to school every day.” He has said (that) he goes to school every day. past progressive + simple past past progressive + simple past He was saying, “I went to school every day.” He was saying (that) he went to school every day. past progressive + past perfect He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day. future + simple present future + simple present He will say, “I go to school every day.” He will say (that) he goes to school every day.
- 7. Another situation is the one in which modal constructions are used. If the verb said is used, then the form of the modal, or another modal that has a past meaning is used. Direct Speech Indirect Speech can could He said, “I can go to school every day.” He said (that) he could go to school every day. may might He said, “I may go to school every day.” He said (that) he might go to school every day. might He said, “I might go to school every day.” must had to He said, “I must go to school every day.” He said (that) he had to go to school every day. have to He said, “I have to go to school every day.” should should He said, “I should go to school every day.” He said (that) he should go to school every day. ought to ought to He said, “I ought to go to school every day.” He said (that) he ought to go to school every day.
- 8. Questions General questions Indirect Questions “Are you watching TV?” …I was watching TV. “Do you play chess?” …I played chess. “Does she go to school?” …she went to school. “Are you listening to me?” …I was listening to him. “Have you done your if, whether …I had done my homework. homework?” …I had skated the winter “Did you skate last winter?” before. “Will you see your friend …I should see my friend the tomorrow?” next day.
- 9. Direct speech Here are some examples of direct speech.
- 10. Direct Speech I’ve hurt my leg! “I’ve hurt my leg!” moaned the boy.
- 11. Direct speech Can you take a deep breath? “Can you take a deep breath?” asked the doctor.
- 12. Direct speech I like this dress. The woman said, “I like this dress.”
- 13. Direct Speech Use the correct punctuation to write what is being said. I’ve caught The train will three fish. leave in ten minutes! I love ice cream. Do you I am a know clever what girl. type of angle this is?
- 14. Indirect speech This is sometimes called REPORTED SPEECH. When we use indirect speech in our writing: • We don’t use speech marks. • We usually have to change pronouns and verb tenses. • We don’t have to start a new line when we report a new speaker’s words.
- 15. Indirect speech Here are some examples of indirect speech.
- 16. Direct Speech I’ve hurt my leg! The boy moaned that he had hurt his leg.
- 17. Direct speech Can you take a deep breath? The doctor asked the boy if he could take a deep breath.
- 18. Direct speech I like this dress. The woman said that she liked the dress.
- 19. Indirect Speech Use the correct punctuation to report what was said. I’ve caught The train will three fish. leave in ten minutes! I love ice cream. Do you I am a know clever what girl. type of angle this is?
- 20. He said he’d caught three fish. Не shouted (that) the train would leave in ten minutes! She said she was a clever girl. He said he loved ice cream. She asked if I knew what type of angle this was?
- 21. QUESTIONS Is your father still in Moscow? We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow. When did you fall ill? I wanted to know when he had fallen ill.
- 22. By the end of the lesson I will look for evidence to show that you will: • Understand the difference between direct and indirect speech. • Be able to apply this knowledge in your writing. • Accurately punctuate direct and indirect speech • Know when and how to change pronouns and verb tenses in indirect speech.