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duck - Copy.pdfsd;lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

• 1.
  DUCK MANAGMENT
• 2.
  Definitions of commonterms ■ Duckling. Young bird, usually under 12 ,weeks of age. ■ Duck. Female adult. ■ Drake. Male adult.
• 3.
  ■ Duck farminghas following advantages 1. Ducks lay more egg per bird per year than chicken. 2. The size of the duck egg is larger than hen egg . 3. Ducks require lesser attention and thrive well in scavenging conditions. 4. Ducks supplements their feed by foraging. 5. From commercial point of view, ducks have a longer profitable life,They lay well even in second year. 6. Ducks do not require any elaborate houses like chicken 7. Ducks are quite hardy, more easily brooded and more resistant to common avian diseases.
• 4.
  ■ Duck farminghas following advantages 8. Marshy river side, wet land are excellent quarters for duck farming. 9. Ducks lay 95 – 98% of their eggs in the morning before 9.00 AM, Thus saving lot of time and labor. 10. Ducks are suitable for integrated farming systems such as duck-fish farming as duck farming with rice cultivation. the droppings of ducks serve as feed for the fishes and as they search for food, their bills loosen up the soil around the rice plants-weeding, insect control and manuring. 11. Ducks are quite intelligent, can be tamed easily, and trained to go to ponds and come back in the evening of their own.
• 5.
  Duck breeds ■ a.Meat class:- White Pekin, Aylesbury and Muscovy are excellent meat producers. ■ Adult weight of muscoyy, Pekin, Aylesbury are 2.49, 3.63, and 3.85 kg, respectively. ■ b. Egg Class:- Indian Runners and Khaki Campbells . ■ c. Ornamental class: Crested White and Black East India.
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  White Pekin MuscovyIndian Runners Khaki Campbells Crested White Black East India
• 7.
  ■ Muscovy breeddiffers from other breeds in the following ways ■ It goes broody and will sit on and hatch eggs of other breeds as well as its own. ■ It flies, and perches on roosts and trees. ■ If already mated with members of its own breed, it will not mate with members of other breeds. ■ Both male and female Muscovies ‘hiss’ rather than ‘quack’. ■ Muscovies are poor egg producers, and lay their eggs in clutches of 20 eggs ■ Its eggs take 35 days to hatch, whereas eggs of other breeds take only 28 days. ■ Its meat has a lower fat content than that of other ducks.
• 8.
  muscovy duck balady duck
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  mollar duck muscovymale X pekin female it doesnt lay egg and breed for meat high feed conversion ratio high disease resistance faster growing than the Muscovy and produces a good lean meat yield with succulent flavour. Market Age 8 weeks.
• 10.
  PERFORMANCE CHART OFKHAKHI CAMPBELL (EGG TYPE) Age at first egg 120 days Annual Egg Production 250 eggs Egg weight at 40 weeks 66 gms Body weight at 40 weeks 1.80 kg Daily feed consumption per bird 120 – 130 gms Ducklings mortality (0-8 weeks) 2 – 3% Adult mortality (20 – 72 weeks) 5 – 7%
• 11.
  PERFORMANCE CHART OFpeking ( MEAT TYPE) Day old body weight 47 – 48 gms Body weight at 4 weeks 1.3 – 1.5 kgs. Feed consumption upto 4 weeks 3.0 – 3.2 kgs Body weight at 6 weeks 2.3 – 2.5 kgs Feed consumption upto 6 weeks 5.8 – 6.2 kgs Mortality (0-6 weeks) 2 – 3%
• 12.
  INCUBATION ■ The incubationperiod of Khaki Campbell duck is 28 days. ■ In forced draft incubators satisfactory results are attained at a temperature of 37.5 to 37.2 oC. ■ Eggs are sprinkled with lukewarm water having sanitizer once a day from 2nd day to 25th day and cooled for a maximum period of half an hour. ■ candling at collection for fertility detection and discard of hairline fracture andnce again at 7th day. ■ The eggs are turned hourly if automatic turning or at least 5 times per day.
• 13.
  ■ hatchability %decreases if stored more than 3 days ■ Store point end down at a 45 degree angle ■ storage temperature is 10-130C ■ R.H is 75% Duck eggs are typically larger than chicken eggs. They come in all sorts of colors, varying mostly by breed. The shell and membranes is thicker than that of a chicken egg. higher concentration of omega-3 fatty acids more vitamins A, B12 and D taste is much richer and creamier
• 15.
  BROODING (0-4 Weeks) ■The brooding period of Khaki Campbell ducklings is 3 to 4 weeks. ■ meat type ducklings such as Pekin, brooding for 2 to 3 weeks is sufficient. ■ A temperature of 29 to 32oC is maintained during the first week. ■ It is reduced by about 3oC per week till it reaches 24oC during the fourth week. ■ Ducklings may be brooded in wire floor, litter or batteries. ■ Water in the drinkers should be 5 to 7.5 cm deep just sufficient to drink and not dip themselves.
• 16.
  REARING (15-16 Weeks) ■Ducklings may be reared in intensive, semi-intensive or range system. ■ Usually ducklings are allowed to move to runs at the end of 3 to 4 weeks of age depending upon weather. ■ Water in the drinkers should be 12.5 to 15 cm deep to allow minimum immersion of their heads. ■ Partitions up to the height of 60-90cm inside the pens and the outside runs are adequate for control.
• 17.
  ADULT STOCK (above17 weeks of age) ■ One nest box of size 30x 30 x 45 cm. to every three ducks be provided. ■ In case of laying breeds a mating ratio of 1 drake to 3 ducks in heavy breeds and 1 drake to 5 ducks in light breeds. ■ light period of 14 to 16 hours per day is essential for optimum production. ■ High egg laying strains of ducks come into production at 16 to 18 weeks of age.
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  HOUSING ■ Ducks donot require elaborate houses. ■ The house should be well ventilated, dry and rat proof. ■ The roof may be of shed type, gable or half round. ■ It may have solid or wire floors. ■ The wire floors are not popular with breeders. ■ Under semi-intensive system the house should have easy access to outside run as the ducks prefer to be outdoors during the day time and even during winter or rains. ■ Generally the proportion of night shelter to outside run is 1/4:3/4. The run should gently slope away from the houses to provide drainage.
• 20.
  WATER ■ Though duckis a water fowl and very fond of water, ■ WATER FOR SWIMMING IS NOT ESSENTIAL AT ANY STAGE OF DUCK REARING. ■ water in drinkers should be sufficiently deep to allow the immersion of their heads and not themselves. If they cannot do this, their eyes seem to get scaly and crusty and in extreme cases, blindness may follow. ■ In addition, they also like to clean their bills periodically and wash them to clear off the feed.
• 21.
  FEEDING ■ Ducks maybe grown on dry mash, a combination of dry and wet mash or pellets. ■ Ducks prefer wet mash due to difficulties in swallowing dry mash. ■ The pellet feeding, though slightly costly, has distinct advantages such as saving in amount of feed, minimum wastages, saving in labor, convenience and improvement in sanitary conditions. ■ Ducks are good foragers. The use of range, pond or supplementary green feed, reduces the feed cost. ■ DUCKS SHOULD NEVER HAVE ACCESS TO FEED WITHOUT WATER.