EA foundations (views + repository)
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The document outlines the foundational elements of enterprise architecture geared towards facilitating digital transformation, including building blocks, stakeholder engagement, and governance frameworks. It discusses the importance of understanding ecosystem interactions and provides a structure for classifying architectural assets through the enterprise continuum and architecture repository. The text emphasizes the need for effective management and tools to support architectural processes, ensuring alignment with business goals.
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EA foundations (views + repository)
- 1. Enterprise Architecture Foundations The best way for Digital Transformation المؤسسية البنية أساسيات الطريق األمثل نحو الرقمي التحول
- 2. Course Structure 0 The Big Picture
- 3. ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE BIG PICTURE (aligned with Togaf 9.2) Consume building blocks (BB) Enterprise Continuum Building Blocks Generate Building blocks (BB) Guidelines and Techniques (Principles, Gap Analysis, CBP, Stakeholder Mgmt. ,…) Building Blocks Catalogs Matrices Diagrams Artifacts Architecture Development Method (ADM) Operating Model ( Governance Framework, Architecture Capability , Interaction Model, Architecture Compliance , Architecture Contracts, …) Architecture Metamodel Arch. Repository Management Deliverables Stakeholders, Views & Viewpoints Reference Models Ecosystem Tool Management
- 4. 1 Architecture Foundations - البنية أساسيات ▷Stakeholders, Views and Viewpoints Basics ▷Enterprise Continuum & Architecture Repository ▷Building Blocks ▷Architecture Metamodel ▷Artifacts and Deliverables Basics
- 5. SECTION I 1 Stakeholders, Views & Viewpoints Basics النظر ووجهات المنظور أساسيات , العالقة أصحاب
- 6. Stakeholders, Views & Viewpoints Stakeholders العالقة أصحاب Concerns اإلهتمامات Views & Viewpoints المنظور – النظر وجهات Ecosystem / System منظومة - نظام
- 7. Stakeholders, Views & Viewpoints Stakeholders العالقة أصحاب Concerns اإلهتمامات Views & Viewpoints المنظور – النظر وجهات Ecosystem / System منظومة - نظام
- 8. EVERYTHING ABOUT ARCHITECTURE RELATES TO DEEPLY UNDERSTANDING OF TWO MAIN CONCEPTS (WHAT & HOW) What & How Concepts Differentiators (HOW) كيف - How do you visualize something ? / How can I do something ? - Differentiators point of views - i.e How I Make Coffee ? Building Blocks (WHAT) ماذا - Identify what you have ? - Basic unit (Building blocks ) from which something is built up. - i.e What I Have to Make Coffee ?
- 9. AS ENTERPRISE ARCHITECT, ECOSYSTEM/SYSTEM REPRESENT WHAT YOU SHOULD CONSIDER DURING YOUR ARCHITECTURE-RELATED ACTIVITIES AS “ A SCOPE OF ENTERPRISE IMPACTED” Ecosystem / System overview Ecosystem System is a combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes Encompasses individual applications, systems in the traditional sense, subsystems, systems of systems, product lines, product families, whole enterprises, and other aggregations of interest System N Ecosystem go beyond organization boundary to include its environment industry (i.e. suppliers, distributors, customers, competitors, government agencies, and so on) Ecosystem network involved in the delivery of a specific product or service through both competition and cooperation
- 10. ECOSYSTEM / SYSTEM REAL EXAMPLE (1/2) Photosynthesis Ecosystem Ecosystem Plant Development System Photosynthesis Ecosystem 1 2
- 11. ECOSYSTEM / SYSTEM REAL EXAMPLE (2/2) Ant Colony Ecosystem Ecosystem Ant Colony System Ant Colony Ecosystem 1 2
- 12. EXTENDED ENTERPRISE SCOPE OF EXTENDED ENTERPRISE ENCOMPASSES BOTH ENTERPRISE SYSTEM AND ITS ECOSYSTEM … Enterprise / Extended Enterprise overview Any collection of organizations that has a common set of goals Large corporations may comprise multiple enterprises Enterprise Bigger umbrella care about its internal system as well as its ecosystem Comprises the partners, suppliers, and customers, as well as internal business units. ❖ Whole corporation, or division of a corporation ❖ Government agency or a single department; ❖ Chain of geographically distant organizations linked together by common ownership ❖ Groups of countries or governments working together to create common or shareable deliverables ❖ Partnerships and alliances of businesses working together, such as a consortium or supply chain ENTERPRISE
- 13. … TO PRESERVE ITS POSITION, ENTERPRISE SHOULD GUARANTEE ITS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES THROUGH EMPOWERING BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PILLARS Connecting Dots Goals and values Resources and capabilities Structure & Systems Environment/Strategy Interface Firm/Strategy interface Strategy The Firm Enterprise (System) Environment Industry (Ecosystem) Customers Competitors Suppliers Partners Complementors
- 14. Stakeholders, Views & Viewpoints Stakeholders العالقة أصحاب Concerns اإلهتمامات Views & Viewpoints المنظور – النظر وجهات Ecosystem / System منظومة - نظام
- 15. STAKEHOLDERS ARE INDIVIDUALS, TEAMS, ORGANIZATIONS, OR CLASSES THEREOF, HAVING AN INTEREST IN A SYSTEM Stakeholders System
- 16. A SYSTEM HAS ONE OR MORE STAKEHOLDERS, EACH STAKEHOLDER TYPICALLY HAS ROLE, INTERESTS IN, OR CONCERNS RELATIVE TO, THAT SYSTEM Image Source: Togaf 9.2 Foundation Guide book – Typical set of stakeholders for EA Stakeholders for Enterprise Architecture
- 17. Stakeholders, Views & Viewpoints Stakeholders العالقة أصحاب Concerns اإلهتمامات Views & Viewpoints المنظور – النظر وجهات Ecosystem / System منظومة - نظام
- 18. INTERESTS IN A SYSTEM CAN BE RELEVANT TO ONE OR MORE OF ITS STAKEHOLDERS WHICH CAN BE FUTHER DECOMPOSED INTRO REQUIREMENTS Architecture Concern = Area of Interest Functionality Development Operations Acceptance Concerns related to any system aspects Performance Reliability Distribution Authorization Risk Audit Assurance … Agility Mobility … Coverage Usability Consistency … … …
- 19. Stakeholders, Views & Viewpoints Stakeholders العالقة أصحاب Concerns اإلهتمامات Views & Viewpoints المنظور – النظر وجهات Ecosystem / System منظومة - نظام
- 20. ARCHITECTURE VIEWPOINTS ESTABLISHES THE CONVENTIONS FOR CONSTRUCTING, INTERPRETING AND USING AN ARCHITECTURE VIEW TO ADDRESS CONCERN(S) ABOUT A SYSTEM-OF-INTEREST Viewpoints / Views What you see ? Where are you looking from ? Viewpoint المنظور View النظر وجهات - Representation of a system from the perspective of a related set of concerns - Visualized asset to inform stakeholders that their concerns are being met. - An architecture view is always specific to the architecture for which it is created. Instance of the completed template - Vantage point or perspective that determines what you see - Viewpoint defines the perspective from which an architecture view is taken. - The specification of the conventions for a particular kind of architecture view - Architecture viewpoints are generic, and can be stored in libraries for re-use, known as a viewpoint library. Template
- 21. VIEWPOINTS / VIEWS REAL EXAMPLES (1/4) Building Architecture VIEWPOINT VIEW
- 22. VIEWPOINTS / VIEWS REAL EXAMPLES (2/4) Scene Viewpoint & Camera View
- 23. VIEWPOINTS / VIEWS REAL EXAMPLES (3/4) Human Eye Retina Viewpoint Layers VIEWPOINT LAYERS (LIBRARY) LANSCAPE COMPLEX VIEW
- 24. VIEWPOINTS / VIEWS REAL EXAMPLES (4/4) Protractor Viewpoint (Contradicting Views) – No Cooperation
- 25. EA FRAMEWORKS VIEWS / VIEWPOINTS (1/2) Togaf Standard Viewpoints Source: https://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9-doc/arch/chap31.html
- 26. EA FRAMEWORKS VIEWS / VIEWPOINTS (2/2) Zachman Framework Viewpoints Source: https://www.zachman.com/about-the-zachman-framework
- 27. SECTION I 2 Enterprise Continuum & Architecture Repository المؤسسية البنية مستودع و التصنيف نظام
- 28. Enterprise Continuum Architecture/Solution Continuum والحلول البنية تصنيف Arch. Repository Structure البنية مستودع مكونات Tool Standardization المؤسسية البنية أدوات Enterprise Continuum التصنيف نظام
- 29. Enterprise Continuum Architecture/Solution Continuum والحلول البنية تصنيف Arch. Repository Structure البنية مستودع مكونات Tool Standardization المؤسسية البنية أدوات Enterprise Continuum التصنيف نظام
- 30. WITHOUT DEFINING “A CLEAR CONTEXT”, PEOPLE DISCUSSING ARCHITECTURE CAN OFTEN TALK AT CROSS-PURPOSES (REFERENCING DIFFERENT POINTS AT THE SAME TIME) Classification System Unclassified Docs - Ad Hoc Store Games Classification of PS Store 1 2
- 31. THE ENTERPRISE CONTINUUM PROVIDES METHODS FOR CLASSIFYING ARCHITECTURE AND SOLUTION ARTIFACTS, BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL TO THE ARCHITECTURE REPOSITORY Views & Classification System Stakeholder Views of a System Architecture Domains Data Application Technology Business Security Strategy Business Finance BigData Data Mgmt. AI CyberSec. InfoSec. Foundation Extended Solution Architecture Generic Specific B D A T S B D A T S Foundation Common Sys. Industry Org. specific Classification System
- 32. Enterprise Continuum Architecture/Solution Continuum والحلول البنية تصنيف Arch. Repository Structure البنية مستودع مكونات Tool Standardization المؤسسية البنية أدوات Enterprise Continuum التصنيف نظام
- 33. THE ENTERPRISE CONTINUUM CONSISTS OF THREE PARTS, EACH PART IS CONSIDERED TO BE A DISTINCT CONTINUUM Constituent Parts of the Enterprise Continuum (1/2) Enterprise Continuum Solution Continuum Architecture Continuum Outermost continuum and classifies assets related to the context of the overall Enterprise Architecture Classifies contextual assets used to develop architectures, such as policies, standards, strategic initiatives, organizational structures, and enterprise-level capabilities Consistent way to describe/ understand the implementation of the assets defined in the Architecture Continuum Defines what is available in the organizational environment as re- usable Solution Building Blocks (SBBs) Addresses the commonalities and differences among products, systems, and services of implemented systems Represents a structuring of Architecture Building Blocks (ABBs) which are re-usable architecture assets ABBs evolve through their development lifecycle from abstract/ generic entities to fully expressed Org- Specific Architecture assets Useful tool to discover commonality and eliminate unnecessary redundancy Guide specialized form
- 34. THE ENTERPRISE CONTINUUM CONSISTS OF THREE PARTS, EACH PART IS CONSIDERED TO BE A DISTINCT CONTINUUM Constituent Parts of the Enterprise Continuum (2/2)
- 35. THE ARCHITECTURE CONTINUUM SHOWS THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FOUNDATIONAL FRAMEWORKS, COMMON SYSTEMS, INDUSTRY, AND ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURES … Architecture Continuum Specific Generic Solution Building Blocks SBBs B D A T S B D A T S Foundation Architecture Common Sys. Architecture Industry Architecture Org. specific Architecture Arch. Cont. Solu. Cont. Foundation Architecture Generic components, inter-relationships, principles, and guidelines that provide a foundation on which more specific architectures can be built Common Systems Architecture Use services in Foundation Architecture to create an architecture useful for building common Solutions (high reusable) across a wide number of relevant domains. Org-Specific Architecture Industry Architecture Describe and guide the final deployment of solution components for a particular enterprise Integration of common systems components with industry-specific components (certain vertical industries)
- 36. … THAT AIMS TO DISCOVER COMMONALITY AND ELIMINATE UNNECESSARY REDUNDANCY Architecture Continuum – Examples (1/2) - TRM (Technical Reference Model) - Specific Industry Architecture - e.g. Retail industry's "Active Store" architecture (SCOR- RM) - Energetics Oil and Gas data exchange standards - Bank X Architecture - Gov. Entity Y Architecture - Your Org. Architecture - SOA Architecture - ERP Architecture - Security Architecture - Network Architecture - Management Architecture - Operations Architecture - III-RM FA CSA IA OSA
- 37. SAMPLE COMMON SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE – SOA REFERENCE MODEL Architecture Continuum – Examples (2/2) Related to BDAT Architecture Domains - Business Service - Data Service - Application Service - Infrastructure Service SOA is an architecture style for Enterprise Architecture
- 38. ALONGSIDE REQUIREMENTS AND PRINCIPLES, ARCHITECTURE CONTINUUM GUIDES, DIRECTS, AND SUPPORT SELECTION, REALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS Architecture / Solution Continuum
- 39. THE SOLUTIONS CONTINUUM PROVIDES A CONSISTENT WAY TO DESCRIBE AND UNDERSTAND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ASSETS DEFINED IN THE ARCHITECTURE CONTINUUM … Solution Continuum Foundation Solutions Highly generic concepts, tools, products, services, and solution components that are the fundamental providers of capabilities such as: - Professional services: training and consulting services - Support Services: Help Desk Common Systems Solutions - Implementation of a Common Systems Architecture and is comprised of a set of products and services. - Represent collections of common requirements and capabilities, rather than those specific to a particular customer or industry. Org-Specific Solutions Industry Solutions - Implementation of the Organization-Specific Architecture that provides the required business functions - Structured to support specific Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) to ensure support of the operational systems at desired service levels - Implementation of an Industry Architecture, which provides re-usable packages of common components and services specific to an industry. - Industry-specific, aggregate procurements that are ready to be tailored to an individual organization’s requirements Specific Generic Architecture Building Blocks ABBs Foundation Solutions Common Sys. Solutions Industry Solutions Org. specific Solutions Arch. Cont. Solu. Cont. B D A T S B D A T S
- 40. - Third-party solution with Specific Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) - key operating parameters and quality metrics to monitor and manage the organization environment - Specific products, services, and systems solutions that are appropriate to that industry - Physical database schema - An industry-specific point-of- service device … THROUGH DISCOVERTY OF WHAT IS AVAILABLE IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AS RE-USABLE SOLUTION BUILDING BLOCKS (SBBS) Solution Continuum – Examples - Programming languages - Foundational structures (EDI) - Generic Approaches to Organization structuring - Foundational structures for organizing IT operations (such as ITIL or the IT4IT RA) - Enterprise mgmt. sys. products - Security system products - Scalable data warehousing systems - “Software as a service” common apps solutions FS CSS IS OSS
- 41. Enterprise Continuum Architecture/Solution Continuum والحلول البنية تصنيف Arch. Repository Structure البنية مستودع مكونات Tool Standardization المؤسسية البنية أدوات Enterprise Continuum التصنيف نظام
- 42. OPERATING A MATURE ARCHITECTURE CAPABILITY CREATES A HUGE VOLUME OF ARCHITECTURAL OUTPUT THAT EMPHASIZE THE ROLE OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT … Architecture Repository Structure (1/2)
- 43. … TO OPERATE AND LEVERAGE THESE WORK PRODUCTS, A FORMAL TAXONOMY IS REQUIRED ALONGSIDE DEDICATED PROCESSES/TOOLS FOR ARCHITECTURAL CONTENT STORAGE Architecture Repository Structure (2/2) Architecture Metamodel Describes the organizationally tailored application of an architecture framework, including a method for architecture development and a metamodel for architecture content Architecture Capability Defines the parameters, structures, and processes that support governance of the Architecture Repository Architecture Landscape * presents an architectural representation of assets in use, or planned, by the enterprise at particular points in time Reference Library Governance Log Arch. Requirements Repository Solutions Landscape Standard Info. Base (SIB) * Provides guidelines, templates, patterns, and other forms of reference material that can be leveraged in order to accelerate the creation of new architectures for the enterprise Provide a record of governance activity across the enterprise Provides a view of all authorized architecture requirements which have been agreed with the Architecture Board Presents an architectural representation of the SBBs supporting the Architecture Landscape which have been planned or deployed by the enterprise Captures the standards with which new architectures must comply, which may include industry standards, selected products and services from suppliers, or shared services already deployed within the organization * Will be further detailed out in the next slides
- 44. DUE TO THE SHEER VOLUME AND THE DIVERSE STAKEHOLDER NEEDS THROUGHOUT AN ENTIRE ENTERPRISE, THE ARCHITECTURE LANDSCAPE IS DIVIDED INTO THREE LEVELS OF GRANULARITY Architecture Repository Structure - Architecture Landscape detailed view Strategic Architectures - Long-term summary view of the entire enterprise - Allow for direction setting at an executive level - Provide an organizing framework for operational and change activity Segment Architectures - More detailed operating models for areas within an enterprise - Can be used at the program or portfolio level - Organize and operationally align more detailed change activity Capability Architectures - Show in a more detailed fashion how the enterprise can support a particular unit of capability (overview about current/ target capability and capability increments) - Allow for individual work packages and projects to be grouped within managed portfolios and programs
- 45. DUE TO THE SHEER VOLUME AND THE DIVERSE STAKEHOLDER NEEDS THROUGHOUT AN ENTIRE ENTERPRISE, THE ARCHITECTURE LANDSCAPE IS DIVIDED INTO THREE LEVELS OF GRANULARITY Architecture Repository Structure - Architecture Landscape Example In Y 2000 Revenue 40M$ In Y 2001 Revenue 50M$ In Y 2002 Revenue 20M$ Why enterprise lose revenue ? Architecture models over time ( years) EA as strategic enabler , help business decisions Enterprise planning space where EA can add true value Business intelligence (Business Analytics) Stakeholder Leave Architecture Landscape Architecture Model 1 Architecture Model 2 Architecture Model 3 Capability Strategic Segmented
- 46. THE STANDARDS INFORMATION BASE IS A REPOSITORY AREA THAT HOLDS A RECORD OF THE SET OF SPECIFICATIONS, TO WHICH ARCHITECTURES MUST CONFORM Architecture Repository Structure - Standards Information Base detailed view Stated in a clear and unambiguous manner, so that compliance can be objectively assessed Easily accessible to projects and therefore the obligations of the project can be understood and planned for Basis for Architecture Governance Standards Information Base (SIB) Business Standards Application Standards Data Standards Technology Standards
- 47. Enterprise Continuum Architecture/Solution Continuum والحلول البنية تصنيف Arch. Repository Structure البنية مستودع مكونات Tool Standardization المؤسسية البنية أدوات Enterprise Continuum التصنيف نظام
- 48. IMPLEMENTING THE ARCHITECTURE REPOSITORY IN A TOOL WILL CATER FOR STAKEHOLDER ENQUIRIES FOR MODELS, VIEWS, AND REQUIRED ANALYTICS FOR DECISION MAKING EA Tool - key benefits Promote RE-USE Facilitate easier maintenance of the architecture Provide stakeholders with relevant models Enable sharing of architecture information Ensure common terminology is used
- 49. EA Tool - key Features IMPLEMENTING THE ARCHITECTURE REPOSITORY IN A TOOL WILL CATER FOR STAKEHOLDER ENQUIRIES FOR MODELS, VIEWS, AND REQUIRED ANALYTICS FOR DECISION MAKING Impact Analysis Strategic dashboards Workflows Modeling & Heatmapping Dynamic Deliverables EA TOOL KEY FEATURES
- 50. ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE AND INNOVATION LEADERS SHOULD SELECT EA TOOLS THAT SUPPORT LONG-TERM BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION, MODERNIZATION AND INNOVATION GOALS Tool benchmarking
- 51. Thanks! For Further Engagement You can find me at: [email protected] Mohamed Zakarya Abdelgawad