ecological Piramid for eco system
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This document provides information about energy flow and ecological pyramids in ecosystems. It defines ecosystems and their components, and explains how energy flows from producers to consumers in a trophic structure. It then describes three types of ecological pyramids - pyramids of production (energy), biomass, and numbers - which illustrate the trophic levels in a community and how energy and matter are lost between levels. Major points covered include how sunlight is the main energy source for producers, the trophic structure of ecosystems, and characteristics of the different pyramid types.
ecological Piramid for eco system
- 1. Shree Swami Atmanand Saraswati Institute Of Technology
- 2. Environmental Studies Prepared By : 1. Dudhat Shurti 140760111018 2. 2. Gabani Rupesh 140760111019 3. Gadhiya Dolly 140760111020 4. Ghevariya Krupali 140760111021 5. Godhani Mansi 140760111022 Guided by:- Prof. Miten Godhaniya Prof. Krishna Kakadiya
- 3. Index Energy flow in ecosystem. Ecological pyramids. major ecosystems.
- 4. Energy flow in ecosystem
- 5. Definition: any system where there is interaction between organisms and their environment. Two components Biogenesis: all organisms Biotope: physical medium (land, water, soil, air, etc) Species linked by a food web Exchange matter and energy Size Micro ecosystems: soil, bark of a tree Mesoecosystems: forest, lake Macro ecosystems: valley, region, ocean
- 6. Energy flow in ecosystem Energy in an ecosystem originally comes from the sun. Energy flows through ecosystems from producers to consumers. Producers(make food) Consumers(use food by eating) Producers or other consumer.
- 7. ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS All organisms require energy, for growth, maintenance, reproduction, locomotion, etc. Hence, for all organisms there must be: A source of energy A loss of usable energy
- 8. This pattern of energy flow among different organisms is the TROPHIC STRUCTURE of an ecosystem.
- 9. Sunlight is the main source of energy for most life on earth. Producers contain chlorophyll & can use energy directly from the sun. producers
- 10. consumers Heterotrophy eat other organisms to obtain energy (e.g. animal) Herbivores eat only plants. Carnivores eat only other animals.
- 11. consumer Heterotrophy eat other organisms to obtain energy omnivores(humans) Eat plants & animals detritivores (scavengers) Feed on dead plant & animal remains(buzzards)
- 12. A Model for the Cycling of Matter and Flow of Energy
- 13. 1.Universal energy flow models: applicable to all living components. 2.Single channel or one way energy flow model: for grazing food chain. 3.Double channel or Y-shaped energy flow model: for combination or grazing and detritus food chain.
- 15. Ecological Pyramids: graphs which illustrate the trophic levels in a community.
- 16. Three Types of Ecological Pyramids Pyramids of Production (Energy) Pyramids of Biomass Pyramids of Numbers
- 17. Ecological Pyramids An ecological pyramid is a diagram that shows the relationship amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food web or food chain. Energy Pyramid only 10% of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level.
- 18. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Food chains and food webs do not give any information about the numbers of organisms involved. This information can be shown through ecological pyramids.
- 19. Pyramid of Numbers Pyramid of numbers displays the number of individuals at each level. 1 owl 25 voles 2000 grass plants
- 20. Pyramid of numbers: Illustration of the number of organisms at each level
- 21. A pyramid of numbers indicates the number of individuals in each trophic level. Since the size of individuals may vary widely and may not indicate the productivity of that individual, pyramids of numbers say little or nothing about the amount of energy moving through the ecosystem.
- 23. Illustrates the amount of biomass in each trophic level Biomass weight is determined after dehydration. Shows the amount of matter lost between trophic levels. Measured in Kg, grams or pounds
- 24. The total amount of matter present in organisms of an ecosystem at each trophic level is biomass. Biomass is preferred to the use of numbers of organisms because individual organisms can vary in size. It is the total mass not the size that is important. Pyramid of biomass records the total dry organic matter of organisms at each trophic level in a given area of an ecosystem.
- 26. n Inature, ecological efficiency varies from 5% to 20% energy available between successive trophic levels (95% to 80% loss). About 10% efficiency is a general rule.