Educational Policies in India.pdf
- 1. MIT World Peace University Department of Education M.Ed. Program Course:- MED: Policies and Economics of Education Topic:- Educational policies in India After Independence Prepared By Dr. Sachin J. Sakhare
- 2. We have to Learn….. • Educational Policies • Main Education Commissions After Post-Independence Period • Indian Education Commission (1964-66) • National Education Policy (1986) • Salient Features of National Educational Policy 1986 • Important Question
- 3. Educational Policies: • On August 15, 1947 India gained independence from the British Rule. Education became a priority of Indian government after independence. • The constitution came into force on 26th January 1950 and India became a Republic and functional under the guidelines of the constitution.
- 4. Educational Policies in India: After independence many education commissions were formed, educational policies were framed and curriculum frameworks were made.
- 6. Indian Education Commission (1964-66): Background of University Education Commission: ✓To achieve development of education at national level, various levels of education and departments should be thought interactively. ✓To achieve this, Government of India formed Indian Education Commission under the chairmanship of Dr. Daulat Singh Kothari on 14th July 1964
- 7. 3. Indian Education Commission (1964-66): National Education Commission (1964-1966), popularly known as Kothari Commission, was an ad hoc commission set up by the Government of India to examine all aspects of the educational sector in India, to develop a general pattern of education, and to recommend guidelines and policies for the development of education in India.
- 9. Major Objectives of Indian Education Commission: (1) To make recommendations on restructuring of education. (2) To provide guidance related to the school admission, evaluation scheme, interrelation between education and local community, curriculum and textbook etc. (3) To give directions related to classroom teaching and teaching methods. (4) To suggest recommendations regarding religious and moral education. (5) To provide guidance to schools related to importance of subjects, work experience and social service. (6) To recommend regarding co-curricular activities at school and college level.
- 10. Major Recommendations given by Indian Education Commission: (1)Curriculum at pre-primary level should include various games, educational processes and activity based programmes. (2)Textbooks and educational material should be given free of cost in primary schools. (3)There should be a separate and autonomous mechanism for production of quality textbooks. (4)At upper primary level, in addition to written examination, there should be an oral examination and internal evaluation. (5) Vocational education should form large portion of secondary education.
- 11. Major Recommendations given by Indian Education Commission: (6) Mathematics and science should be made compulsory at the secondary level. (7) The should include social service, work experience and Arts. (8) Students of standard 8th to 10th should know three languages (mother tongue, national language (Rashtrabhasha) and English). (9) For evaluation, the State Board of Examination should conduct external examinations and award certificates. (10) English should be the medium of instruction in main universities at national level. (11) Co-curricular activities form important part of the school curriculum which should include activities like Balveer, Veerbala, National Cadet Corps etc.
- 13. 4. National Education Policy (1986): Background of National Education Policy : ✓Indian Education Commission 1966 has a great importance. This is because the commission has made recommendations for pre-primary to higher education level. ✓The efforts were made for strict implementation of these recommendations that were important for Indian Education System. ✓Keeping in mind the competition with respect to global, financial and technological progress and its constant changes and India’s need to imbibe democracy, social and financial equality, a need was felt to have a new education policy .
- 15. Major Objectives of National Educational Policy 1986: • To strive for the development of personality with respect to physical, mental, intellectual and aesthetic aspects. • To cultivate scientific and democratic attitude. • To build confidence in dealing with unfamiliar situations. • To create awareness regarding physical, social, technological, cultural and economic situations. • To inculcate the principles of secularism and social justice. • To develop sound mind for the spirit of dignity of labour. • To develop the spirit of nationalism and a sense of devotion in the honour of nation. • To prepare students for international understanding and cohesion. • To inculcate moral values
- 16. Salient Features of National Educational Policy 1986: (1) The national system of education i.e. 10+2+3 , a common pattern of education was accepted. (2) More emphasis was given on free, compulsory and quality education to children from age of 6 to 14. (3) Under the campaign 'Operation Blackboard', basic minimum physical facilities and physical resources were provided in every school. (4) Navodaya Vidyalayas to be set up to provide opportunity of education to children of rural areas. (5) Open universities will be set up for those who were educationally deprived but willing to pursue further education.
- 17. Salient Features of National Educational Policy 1986: (6) Quality books at low cost will be made available to encourage students' creative writing and reading habits. (7) A district-based training institute will be set up for primary school teachers' training. (8) An opportunity will be provided to bring differently abled people in the mainstream of education. (9) Residential schools, ashram schools for the students of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes will be set up. (10) Priority will be given to women's primary education. A provision for separate curriculum, jobs and employment for women will be made
- 18. Salient Features of National Educational Policy 1986: (11) More emphasis will be given on work experience and physical education in the curriculum. (12) It was suggested that importance to Value Education will be given. (13) Following 10 core elements will be included in the curriculum. History of India’s freedom movement Constitutional obligations Content essential to nurture national identity India's common cultural heritage Egalitarianism, Democracy and Secularism Equality of sexes Protection of environment Removal of social barriers Observance of small family norm Inculcation of scientific temper
- 19. Important Questions: Long Question: Explain the policies on Indian Education Commission (1964-66) and National Education Policy (1986) with recommendation. - (10 Marks) Short Notes: Objectives of Indian Education Commission (1964-66) Recommendations of National Education Policy (1986)
- 21. ▪ References: ▪ Ancient Indian Education – R.K. Mikharji ▪ A History of Education in India (during the British period) by J.P. Naik and Nurulla ▪ Ministry of Education 1964-66, Education and National Development Report of IndianEducation Commission, Govt. of India, New Delhi. ▪ NCERT (1987) In service Training Package for Secondary Teachers MHRD, New Delhi. ▪ Ministry of Education- Education Commission Report- 1964-66 Dr. Kothari Commission
- 22. Thank You