EENA 2021 - Advanced Mobile Location (3/3)
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The document outlines the advancements and features of Android's Emergency Location Service (ELS), which is operational in 34 countries and supports over 600,000 emergency calls daily. Key improvements include enhanced data transmission for emergency responders, such as device language settings and car crash detection capabilities to expedite emergency response times. It also addresses error rates in message transmission and provides best practices for troubleshooting issues related to ELS functionality.
EENA 2021 - Advanced Mobile Location (3/3)
- 1. Confidential & Proprietary Confidential & Proprietary Android ELS New Developments since EENA 2019 October 6, 2021 Email: [email protected] Website: crisisresponse.google/els
- 2. Confidential & Proprietary Agenda 2 • New ELS features/capabilities • ELS Data SMS v2 • International roaming • ELS error rates: troubleshooting & best practices
- 3. Confidential & Proprietary Emergency call initiated by Android device Using FLP, ELS computes location on-device; data sent directly to endpoint as Data SMS AML or HTTPS message Endpoint is set up and managed by ELS Partner, who is responsible for making ELS data available to Emergency Services (push or pull). AML - Advanced Mobile Location, open standard for sending emergency location (supported by Android ELS) ELS Endpoint: a SMSC or HTTPS server maintained by partner that can receive ELS emergency location data ELS Partner: carrier/MNO, government or public safety vendor that meets ELS partner requirements PSAP/ECC (Public Safety Answering Point/Emergency Communications Center): call center & dispatch control for emergency services Google’s Responsibility Partner’s Responsibility ELS data flow primer 3
- 4. Confidential & Proprietary ELS is operating at scale: live in 34 countries, covering a population of 950 million people and making over 600,000 emergency calls a day Fully deployed Partially deployed
- 6. Confidential & Proprietary Emergency Time 2021/09/28 2:21:20 PM Emergency Number 999 IMEI 123456789001234 Location Time 2021/09/28 2:21:23 PM Latitude 51.53333, Longitude -0.12545 Accuracy 7.54 Altitude 36 Vertical Accuracy 2.5 Floor 10 Language en-GB Car Crash Time 2021/09/28 2:21:16 PM Altitude/Z-axis 6 ELS provides XYZ location coordinates (Z-axis in meters above ellipsoid format)
- 7. Confidential & Proprietary In an emergency, location is the most critical information … but we’re also making ELS more helpful to emergency responders by sending additional information 7 Device Language Car Crash Context
- 8. Confidential & Proprietary Additional Data goal & principles 8 Goal: Send meaningful additional data that can help reduce emergency response times. • Privacy first • Maintain the highest standards for data privacy and security, and give users a clear and meaningful way to control it. • The right content at the right time • Send only contextual, relevant data when it can help save lives. • Prioritize the most important content • Never sacrifice critical content delivery or speed by including unnecessary data.
- 9. Confidential & Proprietary Language 9 In 2018, the San Francisco PSAP received 18,278 emergency calls requiring translation. It can take several minutes to identify caller language and get translators on the line. Sometimes it can take 10 minutes or longer. ELS provides an emergency caller’s device language setting. Call takers can use this to ask for a specific translator right away - reducing translation times by minutes. SOLUTION
- 10. Confidential & Proprietary Car Crash Detection In the US, ~1.25m people die in crashes a year and 20-50m more are injured or disabled. Call takers want to know as fast as possible where and what the emergency is in order to take action quickly. ELS provides information that a Pixel* user has been in a car crash. Call takers can use this to get an early and quick indication of the situation, and start dispatching help. SOLUTION 10 * Pixel 3 and later, available in English, Spanish & Japanese in the US, UK, Ireland, Spain, Singapore, Australia, and Japan.
- 11. Confidential & Proprietary ELS Data SMS 2.0 11
- 12. Confidential & Proprietary ELS Data SMS 2.0 key takeaways 12 • Updates the original spec to include useful fields that provide additional context/situational awareness. • Google plans to continue to support ELS Data SMS v1.0 • Will conform with EENA’s proposed AML 2.0 specification to ETSI. • … But will also include parameters that ETSI may or may not include in AML 2.0, such as: • Emergency number dialed/texted • Default language setting in the device • Piloting with 1 country, looking for more!
- 13. Confidential & Proprietary 13 Key Name Value Units Example A”ML Version - 2 en New! Emergency Number - 911 et Timestamp of emergency call Epoch time in secs (integer) 1593187189 lo Location (latitude, longitude, accuracy) - latitude and longitude must be truncated to 5 decimal points, accuracy to 1 decimal point - an accuracy of 0 represents unknown Degrees (float), degrees (float), meters (float) 37.42175,- 122.08461,20.1 lt Location time (relative to emergency time) - this field may be ignored if no location (“lo”) field is present or no timestamp (“et”) field is present Secs (integer) 5 lc Location Confidence* - may be ignored if no location (“lo”) field is present Percentage (integer) 68 lz New! Vertical Location (altitude, vertical accuracy); may be ignored if “lo” field is present. All fields truncated to 1 decimal point (0 accuracy = unknown) Meters (float), meters (float) -10.1,10.1 ls Location Source (wifi, cell, gps, fused, unknown) - this field may be ignored if no location (“lo”) field is present ‘W’, ‘G’, ‘C’, ‘F’, ‘U’ W ei IMEI - 355458061005220 nc Network MCC/MNC - 310260 hc Home MCC/MNC - 310260 lg New! Language Tags IETF BCP 47 en-US
- 14. Confidential & Proprietary International Roaming 14
- 15. Confidential & Proprietary Visited Network Home Network Roaming option #1: Long Number 15 Visitor’s Device Visited MSC Home SMSC PSAP ELS Data SMS is routed to the home network SMSC and to the PSAP using a long number ELS SMS +CC123456 +CC123456
- 16. Confidential & Proprietary Visited Network Roaming option #2: Orange Belgium 16 ELS Data SMS is redirected at the visited network to a dedicated roaming SMSC that specialises in AML messages to be sent direct to the PSAP Visitor’s Device Visited MSC PSAP ELS SMS 911 SMSC: +CC911 SMSC: +CC911
- 17. Confidential & Proprietary Visited Network / Wi-Fi Roaming option #3: HTTP 17 Internet Roaming data-plan / Wi-Fi allows the ELS HTTP message to be sent direct to the PSAP R Visitor’s Device PSAP ELS HTTP https://…
- 18. Confidential & Proprietary Comparing error rates: 2 Data SMS options vs HTTP 18 Data SMS Orange Belgium option Data SMS Long Number option Note: Orange Belgium Data SMS option would have lower error rates if all networks could accept SIM-less messages HTTP
- 19. ELS Error Rates: Troubleshooting & Best Practices
- 20. Confidential & Proprietary 20 ELS call ELS message received Compute location Y N Error Y N Error Send location
- 21. Confidential & Proprietary 21 # of Failed ELS messages Total # of ELS Messages ERROR RATE
- 22. Confidential & Proprietary Error rates can vary across and within countries 22 Country 1 Country 2 Country 2 Country 1
- 23. Confidential & Proprietary Common root causes behind errors 23 1. Network/Hardware/Software Policies and/or Architecture • Some MNOs, SMS infra vendors or device OEMs have configured their systems/devices to hold all SMSes: i. During an emergency call ii. When device is emergency camped (roaming/in SOS mode) * Issue specific to 1 MNO, may be an edge case
- 24. Confidential & Proprietary Common root causes behind errors 24 1. Network/Hardware/Software Policies • Some MNOs, SMS infra vendors or device OEMs have configured their systems/devices to hold all SMSes: i. During an emergency call ii. When device is emergency camped (roaming/in SOS mode) 2. Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) • When an LTE network is not available to make/receive a 112 call or SMS message, the device “falls back” to a more accessible 3G/2G network to finish the call or send the SMS message * Issue specific to 1 MNO, may be an edge case
- 25. Confidential & Proprietary Common root causes behind errors 25 1. Network/Hardware/Software Policies • Some MNOs, SMS infra vendors or device OEMs have configured their systems/devices to hold all SMSes: i. During an emergency call ii. When device is emergency camped (roaming/in SOS mode) 2. Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) • When an LTE network is not available to make/receive a 112 call or SMS message, the device “falls back” to a more accessible 3G/2G network to finish the call or send the SMS message 3. SMS-over-IP on VoLTE devices • Some LTE phones don’t support SMSoIP > unable to transmit ELS message(s)
- 26. Confidential & Proprietary Changing network/SMSC config improved error rates 26
- 28. Confidential & Proprietary 28 ELS call ELS message received Compute location Y N Error Y N Error Send location
- 29. Confidential & Proprietary ELS Partner Location Database ELS Endpoint Mobile Network Operator Goog le 29 SMS Center in each network ECC/PSAP ELS Data SMS SMS Aggregation Service
- 30. Confidential & Proprietary 30
- 31. Confidential & Proprietary 31 Troubleshooting 101 What Dedicated debug session with MNO’s network elements engineer(s) , ELS Partner and PSAP call taker(s)
- 32. Confidential & Proprietary 32 Troubleshooting 101 What Dedicated debug session with MNO’s network elements engineer(s) , ELS Partner and PSAP call taker(s) How Make 50-100 emergency calls using the ELS Manager app and a SIM from the MNO
- 33. Confidential & Proprietary 33 Troubleshooting 101 What Dedicated debug session with MNO’s network elements engineer(s) , ELS Partner and PSAP call taker(s) How Make 50-100 emergency calls using the ELS Manager app and a SIM from the MNO Where Or in a lab or in live network but with all different infra vendors
- 34. Confidential & Proprietary 34 Troubleshooting 101 What Dedicated debug session with MNO’s network elements engineer(s) , ELS Partner and PSAP call taker(s) How Make 50-100 emergency calls using the ELS Manager app and a SIM from the MNO Where Or in a lab or in live network but with all different infra vendors Why Send & trace the progress of ELS test messages through the mobile network to see if the messages are delivered successfully to/from the Endpoint. If not, understand why and where in the process/network issues occur or the ELS message fails.
- 35. Appendix
- 36. Confidential & Proprietary Detailed summary of roaming options 36 Long Number Orange Belgium* HTTP HOW • Get a long number from an MNO that can receive SMSes & is reachable from other countries • Request Google configure long # for int’l routing • ELS messages routing: Android Device → Long # → Visitor’s Home SMSC → Visited Country’s SMSC • Set up a logical new SMSC with a specific address that will be used to manage int’l roaming ELS messages • Request MNOs to use this specific address - - with MCC and emergency #s of the visited network • Web server to handle ELS HTTP requests PROS • Easy to set up • Better reliability, lower error rate • No major investment required of MNOs • Easily replicable, works for 2G/3G/4G/5G • No out-of-country SMS fees for the visitor • Easy to set up • Richer ELS data (e.g. additional data) • Low error rates (depending on connectivity) • Easily replicable, works for 2G/3G/4G/5G CONS • Low reliability, high error rate • Visitor could incur out-of-country SMS fees • Requires working closely with 1 MNO to set up a new SMSC for int’l roaming • MNOs must modify network + network rules to successfully route ELS messages • Require cellular data plan • Can be less reliable (varies by country) • Dynamic MSISDN issue * EENA webinar on Orange Belgium approach @ https://eena.org/knowledge-hub/webinars/solution-aml-roaming/