Art Elements and Principles
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The document defines and provides examples of the key elements and principles of art and design, including line, shape and form, color, value, texture, space and perspective, pattern, rhythm and movement, proportion and scale, balance, unity, and emphasis. It explains concepts like how lines can be explicit or implied, how shapes are two-dimensional while forms have depth, and how color has properties of hue, value and intensity. Examples of works of art are provided to illustrate concepts like perspective, pattern, rhythm, and emphasis.
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Art Elements and Principles
- 1. ElementsofArt&DesignAdapted from Project ARTiculate’s Elements & Principles of Arthttp://www.projectarticulate.org
- 2. LineThe path of a point moving through space is a line. Lines may be explicit (right, Matisse) or implied (left, Hopper)
- 3. Shape & FormShape implies form and is perceived as 2-dimensional (below, Twombly), while form implies depth, length, and width and is perceived as 3-dimensional (right, Michelangelo)
- 4. Color All of the colors are derived from the three primary colors (red, blue, and yellow) and black and white. Color has three properties: hue, value, and intensity (right, Ojibwe beadwork)
- 5. ValueValue refers to the relative level or darkness or lightness of a color in terms of contrast (left, Raphael)
- 6. TextureThe tactile (touchable) qualities of an object, actual or implied (right, Bernini and left, Rauschenberg)
- 7. Space & PerspectiveSpace is the area in which art is organized. Perspective is representative of volume of space or a 3-D object on a flat surface (above, Escher, right, Da Vinci)
- 8. PrinciplesofArt&DesignAdapted from Project ARTiculate’s Elements & Principles of Arthttp://www.projectarticulate.org
- 9. PatternPattern is the repetition or reoccurrence of a design element, exact or varied, that establishes a visual beat (left, Warhol and above, Klimt)
- 10. Rhythm & MovementRhythm or movement is the suggestion of motion through the use of various elements (above, Pollock, and right, an unknown artist, India)
- 11. Proportion & ScaleProportion is the size relationship of parts to a whole and to one another. Scale is to relate size to a constant, such as a human body (left, Serra, below, a woman adds tiny details to a Pueblo plate).
- 12. BalanceBalance is the impression of equilibrium in a pictorial or sculptural composition. Balance is often referred to as symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial (above, a photo of a flower, and to the right, Copley)
- 13. Unity Unity is achieved when the components of a work of art are perceived as harmonious, giving the work a sense of completion (left, Hokusai, below, Manet)
- 14. EmphasisEmphasis is the created center of interest, the place in an artwork where your eye first lands (left, Toulouse-Lautrec, above, O’Keeffe)