Thelma V. Villaflores
Practical Research 2
Thoroughness
Ethical
Standards
Guide the
researcher in
determining the
right and wrong
ways in
constructing the
synthesis of
literature sources.
Do’s & Don’ts
Collect relevant
literature sources.
Avoid main use of
secondary source
literature.
Do’s & Don’ts
Review the data
presented and
extract essential
information.
Avoid directly
copying the
content of the
literature source.
Do’s & Don’ts
Summarize the
essential
information from
each source using
your own words.
Avoid directly
using the tables
and figures
presented in the
literature source.
Do’s & Don’ts
Paraphrase the
contents of the
source while
retaining the main
thoughts of the
content.
Avoid redirecting
the main idea of
the literature and
including your own
perspective on the
topic.
Do’s & Don’ts
Attribute ideas
accordingly by
providing
in-text and
bibliographic
citations.
Avoid missing
relevant citations
in the literature
review.
Do’s & Don’ts
Provide complete
and correct
information
of the literature
sources in the
bibliography.
Avoid providing
incomplete or
wrong information
of the literature
source in the
bibliography.
Plagiarism
act of copying or
using works from
another person and
presenting it as
your own
Intellectual
Property
Code of the
Philippines
(R.A. 8293
protects the
intellectual works
and property of
people such as
books and
inventions through
registered
copyrights
Types of
Plagiarism
➢ Direct plagiarism
➢ Inadequate
Paraphrasing
➢ Self-Plagiarism
➢ Incomplete
citations
Direct Plagiarism
Quick Brush, proved to be
time efficient and capable of
cleaning different laboratory
glassware containers,
thereby demonstrating its
potential as a powerful tool
in cleaning laboratory
glassware.
Quick Brush, proved to be
time efficient and capable of
cleaning different laboratory
glassware containers,
thereby demonstrating its
potential as a powerful tool
in cleaning laboratory
glassware.
Original Source Research Paper
Direct Plagiarism
content is directly copied from
the source without revision and
proper attribution
Inadequate Paraphrasing
Quick Brush, proved to be
time efficient and capable of
cleaning different laboratory
glassware containers,
thereby demonstrating its
potential as a powerful tool
in cleaning laboratory
glassware.
Quick Brush, proved to be
time efficient and capable of
cleaning different laboratory
glassware containers,
thereby indicating its
potential as a powerful tool
in cleaning laboratory
glassware.
Original Source Research Paper
Inadequate Paraphrasing
replaces selected words in the
sentences with synonyms or
other interchangeable words
Self-Plagiarism
Quick Brush, proved to be
time efficient and capable of
cleaning different laboratory
glassware containers,
thereby demonstrating its
potential as a powerful tool
in cleaning laboratory
glassware.
Quick Brush, proved to be
time efficient and capable of
cleaning different laboratory
glassware containers,
thereby demonstrating its
potential as a powerful tool
in cleaning laboratory
glassware.
Author’s Work (2024) Author’s Work (2025)
Self-Plagiarism
the researcher lifts the contents
of his/her previous work, and
places them in the current work
without proper attribution
Incomplete Citations
Quick Brush, proved to be
time efficient and capable of
cleaning different laboratory
glassware containers,
thereby demonstrating its
potential as a powerful tool
in cleaning laboratory
glassware.
Quick Brush, proved to be
time efficient and capable of
cleaning different laboratory
glassware containers,
thereby demonstrating its
potential as a powerful tool
in cleaning laboratory
glassware (de Jesus, 2025).
de Jesus, et al. (2025) Research Paper
Incomplete Citations
Provides incomplete citation
details
➢Incomplete citation details
➢False information
➢Fabricating citation details
How to
Avoid
Plagiarism
1. Summarize
properly
2. Paraphrase using
your own words
3. Cite correctly
4. Avoid self-
plagiarism and
fabricated citations
Avoid Plagiarism
Quick Brush, proved to be
time efficient and capable of
cleaning different laboratory
glassware containers,
thereby demonstrating its
potential as a powerful tool
in cleaning laboratory
glassware.
Quick Brush was found to
save time and effectively
clean various laboratory
glassware containers,
showing its promise as an
efficient tool for laboratory
glassware cleaning (de
Jesus, et al., 2025).
de Jesus, et al. (2025) Paraphrased version

Ethical Standards in Writing a Literature Review.pdf

  • 1.
    Thelma V. Villaflores PracticalResearch 2 Thoroughness
  • 2.
    Ethical Standards Guide the researcher in determiningthe right and wrong ways in constructing the synthesis of literature sources.
  • 3.
    Do’s & Don’ts Collectrelevant literature sources. Avoid main use of secondary source literature.
  • 4.
    Do’s & Don’ts Reviewthe data presented and extract essential information. Avoid directly copying the content of the literature source.
  • 5.
    Do’s & Don’ts Summarizethe essential information from each source using your own words. Avoid directly using the tables and figures presented in the literature source.
  • 6.
    Do’s & Don’ts Paraphrasethe contents of the source while retaining the main thoughts of the content. Avoid redirecting the main idea of the literature and including your own perspective on the topic.
  • 7.
    Do’s & Don’ts Attributeideas accordingly by providing in-text and bibliographic citations. Avoid missing relevant citations in the literature review.
  • 8.
    Do’s & Don’ts Providecomplete and correct information of the literature sources in the bibliography. Avoid providing incomplete or wrong information of the literature source in the bibliography.
  • 9.
    Plagiarism act of copyingor using works from another person and presenting it as your own
  • 10.
    Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (R.A.8293 protects the intellectual works and property of people such as books and inventions through registered copyrights
  • 11.
    Types of Plagiarism ➢ Directplagiarism ➢ Inadequate Paraphrasing ➢ Self-Plagiarism ➢ Incomplete citations
  • 12.
    Direct Plagiarism Quick Brush,proved to be time efficient and capable of cleaning different laboratory glassware containers, thereby demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool in cleaning laboratory glassware. Quick Brush, proved to be time efficient and capable of cleaning different laboratory glassware containers, thereby demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool in cleaning laboratory glassware. Original Source Research Paper
  • 13.
    Direct Plagiarism content isdirectly copied from the source without revision and proper attribution
  • 14.
    Inadequate Paraphrasing Quick Brush,proved to be time efficient and capable of cleaning different laboratory glassware containers, thereby demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool in cleaning laboratory glassware. Quick Brush, proved to be time efficient and capable of cleaning different laboratory glassware containers, thereby indicating its potential as a powerful tool in cleaning laboratory glassware. Original Source Research Paper
  • 15.
    Inadequate Paraphrasing replaces selectedwords in the sentences with synonyms or other interchangeable words
  • 16.
    Self-Plagiarism Quick Brush, provedto be time efficient and capable of cleaning different laboratory glassware containers, thereby demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool in cleaning laboratory glassware. Quick Brush, proved to be time efficient and capable of cleaning different laboratory glassware containers, thereby demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool in cleaning laboratory glassware. Author’s Work (2024) Author’s Work (2025)
  • 17.
    Self-Plagiarism the researcher liftsthe contents of his/her previous work, and places them in the current work without proper attribution
  • 18.
    Incomplete Citations Quick Brush,proved to be time efficient and capable of cleaning different laboratory glassware containers, thereby demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool in cleaning laboratory glassware. Quick Brush, proved to be time efficient and capable of cleaning different laboratory glassware containers, thereby demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool in cleaning laboratory glassware (de Jesus, 2025). de Jesus, et al. (2025) Research Paper
  • 19.
    Incomplete Citations Provides incompletecitation details ➢Incomplete citation details ➢False information ➢Fabricating citation details
  • 20.
    How to Avoid Plagiarism 1. Summarize properly 2.Paraphrase using your own words 3. Cite correctly 4. Avoid self- plagiarism and fabricated citations
  • 21.
    Avoid Plagiarism Quick Brush,proved to be time efficient and capable of cleaning different laboratory glassware containers, thereby demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool in cleaning laboratory glassware. Quick Brush was found to save time and effectively clean various laboratory glassware containers, showing its promise as an efficient tool for laboratory glassware cleaning (de Jesus, et al., 2025). de Jesus, et al. (2025) Paraphrased version