Evolution Biodiversity
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The document discusses Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, which proposes that species evolve over time due to variations among offspring, competition for limited resources, and natural selection of adaptations that increase the chances of survival and reproduction. According to the theory, these processes lead to the emergence of new species over many generations as favorable adaptations accumulate. Variations arise from mutations and sexual reproduction, increasing the chances of survival when environmental conditions change. Fossil and anatomical evidence, as well as comparisons of biochemistry and development, can indicate evolutionary relationships between organisms.
Evolution Biodiversity
- 1. Evolution: The change in species over time Charles Darwin: Theory of Natural Selection
- 2. Theory of Natural Selection Overproduction of offspring : species produce far more offspring than are needed. Competition : space and food are limited so competition occurs for resources. Only fraction can survive Variation among offspring : individuals in a species vary and these are inheritable
- 3. Theory of Natural Selection Struggle for survival: result of competiton Adaptations due to variations, some individuals are better adapted to survive and reproduce. Natural Selection : environmental factors will select the optimal traits. The “best fit” will survive and reproduce. Speciation : Over many generations, favorable adaptations accumulate and many changes lead to new species.
- 4. What is the source of Variation? Mutations: Changes in the DNA Sexual Reproduction: Recombination of chromosomes
- 5. Why is variation important to evolution? Variations within a species increases the chance of survival when conditions change. cichlid fish
- 6. Fossil Evidence shows Evolutions progresses without set direction. What does it indicate when branches end?
- 7. How should the finches at the top compare to each other? Why?
- 8. Observed Natural Selection Insect resistance to insecticides Bacterial resistance to antibiotics Explain how this occurs? Variation (mutation) Environmental factor (pesticide) Reproductive success Survival of Fittest Population changes
- 9. How do we determine which organisms are more closely related? Compare anatomy Compare development Compare biochemistry Compare cells Similarity implies relationship!
- 10. Homologous structures are a clues to determine evolutionary relationships. What could be the reason for similarity in structure?
- 11. Molecular data is the best way to compare organisms to relatedness. Compare genes, proteins, Which animal is most and least related to the human?