External finishes
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The document provides information on various external finish materials, including glass, stucco, fibre cement, timber and wood products, and slate. It discusses the properties and applications of each material. Glass is highlighted for its transparency, aesthetics, and functional uses such as doors, windows, and partitions. Stucco is described as a composite building material used for decorative wall coating. Fiber cement is a composite material made of sand, cement and cellulose fibers used for siding. Various wood types and products are outlined, including their properties, common applications, and advantages for construction. Slate is discussed as a roofing material known for its durability and low maintenance.
External finishes
- 1. EXTERNAL FINISHES BY SARTHAK KAURA •Glass •Stucco •Fibre Cement •Timber & Wood based products •Slate
- 2. GLASS Glass has become one of the world's most important building materials, not only through its natural transparency and its unique aesthetics, but also due to its fascinating diversity. In addition to the obvious demands, functional solutions must also be developed for use in daily life.
- 3. FUNCTIONAL USES OF GLASS Suggested Applications: •Doors and entries •Office and conference room walls •Partitions Balcony and stair railings •Windows •Lighting •Interlocking Glass Block walls •Pavers and stair treads •Shower and bath enclosures Glass shower enclosure Glass balustrade Glass door staircas e Glasswindow
- 4. PARTITIONS/SHUTTERS Glass shutter Glass partition Glass louvers Glass screen
- 5. GLASS BLOCKS •They are translucent •Due to its reinforcement they don’t break easily •They are available in various colours ,textures & fixed sizes-6”*6”
- 6. GLASS FLOORING AND STAIRS Safety and aesthetics are combined in the floor of this pedestrian bridge made from laminated Stratobel glass. •Glass stairs and flooring should be comprised of 3 to 9 cm top layer laminated glass to 1cm base with sand blasted friction bars to prevent slipping •It is generally used in m sq. panels.
- 7. GLASS BEAMS •Toughened laminated glass may be used for glass beams in glass roofs. •Another relatively new applications are laminated glass tube used in space frame structures.
- 8. GLASS CLADDING Column Mirror cladding Wall cladding
- 9. ELEVATORS glass balustrade Glass elevator See-through Floor of elevator
- 10. GLASS FOUNTAINS &WATER SCREENS Glass cascades of cast, moulded or fused glass
- 11. Made by uses of small tiles of coloured glass or mirrors of usually square shaped & sometimes irregular shapes MOSAIC
- 12. WIRE GLASS •COLOUR-variable •GLOSSINESS-glossy, matt •TRANSLUCENCE-80-100% •TEXTURE-dull •STRENGTH-high •USES-fire resistence, resistance purpose, aesthetics •NOTE-wired glass used on window prevents falling glass after failure
- 13. Cast Glass is produced by heating plate glass on a mold to a temperature sufficient for the glass to conform to the sculpted mold surface. This creates areas of varying depth, relief, and texture. This molded texture provides visual obscurity while providing an appealing tactile quality. CAST/MOULDED GLASS
- 14. FUSED GLASS TILES With fused glass tiles & custom door pulls
- 15. CAST GLASS WITH FUSED GLASS Cast Glass with fused glass frit
- 16. These are suggested textures; custom textures are available Adobe Bamboo Burlap Chord Dot Shift Eddy Embossed Leaves Eros
- 17. SUG These are suggested textures; custom textures are available Leaves Nautilus Paper Parched Rivulet Scallop Staccato Stipple
- 18. ADVANTAGES-DISADVANTAGES OF GLASS ADVANTAGES They provide a degree of transparency inspite of providing a screen Mirrored surfaces help increase the sense of space in a small enclosed area Small panels of tinted glass are a very good way of adding vibrant colours It absorbs ,reflects or transmits light It is available in beautiful colours It is capable of being worked in many ways-blown drawn or pressed It is not usually effected by air or water or ordinary chemicals Laminated glass maintains its form even after breakage(held within the frame after breaking) DISADVANTAGES glass is effected by alkalies • It is extremely brittle It cannot b used for load bearing structures for very high loading Glass splash backs,sinks,baths require constant maintainance to look good They are easily breakable as compared to other materials like wood There is less privacy in glass enclosed spaces Glass roofs may leak during rains if proper joinery is not done eg-Johnson wax factory
- 19. Timber & Wood based products • Wood is an organic material, the hard, tough substance that forms the trunk of trees. It has been used for thousands of years as fuel and construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. ORIGAMI LOG
- 20. PROPERTIES • Hard and strong. • Insulating material. • Wood is naturally very durable. If not attacked by living things, it can last for hundreds or even for thousands of years. • The most important threat for wood are fungi that cause so-called dry rot. The heartwood of a few species is naturally resistant to these fungi. • Other types of natural resistance to various of other types of attack, have been discovered in other species. These types are usually very aromatic. It is suspected that they are protected by the resins and other chemicals they contain. • Wood may need to be preserved by protecting it chemically against deterioration.
- 21. • Indian timber : There are over 150 species of timber which are produced in India. Following are the chief varieties of timber trees which are used for the engineering purposes in India : 1) TEAK 2) SAL 3) MANGO 4) DEODAR 5) BAMBOO 6) OAK 7) PINE 8) MAHOGANY 9) ROSEWOOD OR BLACKWOOD 10) PALM TYPES
- 22. COMMON NAME COLOR LOCATION CHARACTERISTICS, USAGE BAMBOO ASSAM AND BENGAL IT IS FLEXIBLE, VERY STRONG DURABLE. USED FOR SCAFFOLDINGS, THATCHED ROOFS, RAFTERS, FURNITURES ETC. DEODAR YELLOWISH BROWN HIMALAYAS, PUNJAB IT PROVIDES SOFT WOOD. U.P CAN BE EASILY WORKED WITH AND IS MODERATELY STRONG. IT IS USED FOR MAKING CHEAP FURNITURE, STRUCTURAL WORK, ETC. MAHOGANY REDDISH BROWN IT TAKES GOOD POLISH AND IS EASILY WORKED. IT IS DURABLE UNDER WATER. COMMONLY USED FOR FURNITURE, PATTERN MAKING AND CABINET WORK.
- 23. COMMON NAME COLOR LOCATION CHARACTERISTICS, USAGE MANGO DEEP GREY THROUGHOUT INDIA IT IS EASY TO WORK WITH AND IT MAINTAINS ITS SHAPE WELL. IT IS MODERATELY. MOST OFTEN USED FOR FURNITURE, CABINET WORKS, PANELS FOR DOORS AND WINDOWS ETC. OAK YELLOWISH BROWN IT IS STRONG AND DURABLE. USED FOR PREPARING SPORTING GOODS. PALM DARK BROWN THROUGHOUT INDIA IT CONTAINS RIP WOOD IN THE OUTER CRUST. IT IS STRONG, DURABLE AND FIBROUS. USED FOR FURNITURE, ROOF COVERING, RAFTERS AND JOISTS.
- 24. COMMON NAME COLOR LOCATION CHARACTERISTICS, USAGE ROSEWOOD OR DARK KERALA, M.P, MAHARASHTRA, IT IS STRONG, TOUGH AND BLACKWOOD ORISSA, CLOSE GRAINED. IT MAINTAINS ITS SHAPE AND IS AVAILABLE IN LARGE SIZES. USED FOR FURNITURE OF SUPERIOR QUALITY, CABINET WORK, ORNAMENTAL CARVINGS, ETC. SAL BROWN KARNATAKA, U.P, M.P IT IS HARD FIBROUS AND ORISSA CLOSE-GRAINED. IT REQUIRES SLOW AND CAREFUL SEASONING. IT IS USED IN THE INTERIOR SPACES FOR MULTIPLE PURPOSES. TEAK DEEP YELLOW- CENTRAL AND MODERATELY HARD, TEAK IS DARK BROWN SOUTHERN INDIA DURABLE AND FIRE RESISTANT. IT TAKES UP A GOOD POLISH AND IS NOT ATTACKED BY WHITE ANTS AND DRY ROT. ITS USE IS LIMITED TO SUPERIOR WORK ONLY.
- 25. Doors and windows Staircases
- 30. Spa Lobby Drawing room Art gallery
- 31. Partitions
- 32. • Covering the whole or required surface of masonry interior or partition wall with big wooden panels is called wall paneling. • Installation is quick and easy, and there are vast varieties of panels that blend with almost any design. TRADITIONAL WALL PANELLING Paneling
- 33. • Pre-finished wood flooring with double layer construction, obtained by bonding a fine timber top layer on a multilayer plywood backing of birch (thickness 11 mm, width 90 mm, length 600/1000 mm). • The thickness of the fine timber layer is 3.5mm.The tongue and groove profiles on 4 sides ensure perfect interlocking of the edges, allowing a quick and precise laying of the blocks.
- 34. • BAMBOO FLOORING is truly the new in the hardwood flooring market. • Bamboo flooring is for instance, as hard as Maple (one of the hardest woods in the market), and 50% more stable and harder than Red Oak. • It provides unparalleled strength, durability, insect and mildew resistance, as well as excellent fire resistant qualities.
- 35. INDUSTRIAL TIMBER The timber which is prepared scientifically in a factory is termed as industrial timber such timber possesses desired shape , appearance , strength , etc. Following are the varieties of industrial timber : 1) VENEERS : these are thin sheets or slices of wood of superior quality. The thickness of veneers varies from 0.40mm to 6mm.they are obtained by rotating a log of wood against a sharp knife. 2) PLYWOOD : the meaning of term ply is a thin layer. Plywood are boards which are prepared from thin layers of wood or veneers. Three or more veneers in odd number are placed one above the other with grains of successive layers at right angles to each other. • Advantages of plywood :- 1) They are available in a variety of decorative appearance. 2) They are elastic and hence not liable to split or crack due to changes in atomsphere. 3) They are light in weight . 4) They are easy to work and they can be made to suit any design.
- 36. 3) FIBERBOARDS: these are rigid boards and are also known as pressed or reconstructed wood. Thickness varies from 3mm to 12mm . • Use of fiberboards : 1) For internal finishes of room such as wall paneling , suspended ceilings , etc . 2) To construct internal partitions . 3) To prepare flush doors , tops of tables , etc 4) To provide an insulating material of heat and sound . 5) To work as paving or flooring material.
- 37. ADVANTAGES OF USING TIMBER 1) IT CAN EASILY BE HANDLED , PLANED , SAWN AND JOINED WITH ORDINARY TOOLS OF THE CARPENTER . 2) IT CAN BE USED FOR LOAD BEARING OR NON- LOAD BEARING MEMBERS. 3) IT COMBINES LIGHT WEIGHT WITH STRENGTH AND HENCE IT IS GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR EARTH-QUAKE PRONE AREAS . 4) IT IS EASY TO PROVIDE JOINTS IN TIMBER CONSTRUCTION. 5) IT IS ECONOMICAL AND CHEAP . THIS IS DUE TO THE FACT THAT THE SMALLEST PIECE OF WOOD CAN BE PUT TO ONE USE OR THE OTHER. 6) IT GIVES DECENT APPEARANCE AND COMFORTABLE DESIGN. 7) THE USE OF HEAVY TIMBER PRESENTS A MASSIVE AND GRAND APPEARANCE. 8) HOUSES WHICH USE MORE OF TIMBER ARE FOUND TO BE COOL IN SUMMERS AND WARM IN WINTERS .THIS IS DUE TO THE FACT THAT TIMBER IS A NON – CONDUCTOR OF HEAT . 9) THE TIMBER CONSTRUCTION ARE QUITE DURABLE , IF PROPERLY PROTECTED AGAINST MOISTURE , RAIN , WIND , ETC.
- 38. DISADVANTAGES OF USING TIMBER 1) ON THE DOWNSIDE IS THAT WOOD AND THE FORESTS ARE BEING RAVAGED FOR HARVESTING. FORESTS ARE IMPORTANT TO THE PLANET AND ENVIRONMENT. WE ARE WIPING OUT A NATURAL RESOURCE. LOOK AT THE DESTRUCTION OF THE RAIN FORESTS AS A PRIME EXAMPLE. 2) BURNS EASILY, CAN BE INFESTED BY INSECTS.
- 39. Laminates
- 40. PLYWOOD Flat panel built up of plies of veneer through bonding Cross-laminated for uniform transverse strength and high dimensional stability Face Cross-bands Core Back
- 41. PLYWOOD
- 43. LUMBER-BASED PRODUCTS FINGER- JOINED LUMBER
- 44. TRUSSES
- 48. THE WORD "SLATE" IS ALSO USED FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF OBJECT MADE FROM SLATE ROCK. IT MAY MEAN A SINGLE ROOFING TILE MADE OF SLATE, OR A WRITING SLATE. THIS WAS TRADITIONALLY A SMALL SMOOTH PIECE OF THE ROCK, OFTEN FRAMED IN WOOD, USED WITH CHALK AS A NOTEPAD OR NOTICEBOARD, AND ESPECIALLY FOR RECORDING CHARGES IN PUBS AND INNS. SLATE CAN BE MADE INTO ROOFING SLATES, WHICH ARE INSTALLED BY A SLATER. AND, ARE A TYPE OF ROOF SHINGLE, OR MORE SPECIFICALLY A TYPE OF ROOF TILE. SLATE HAS TWO LINES OF BREAKABILITY– WHICH MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO SPLIT THE STONE INTO THIN SHEETS. WHEN BROKEN, SLATE RETAINS A NATURAL APPEARANCE WHILE REMAINING RELATIVELY FLAT AND EASY TO STACK. SLATE
- 49. SLATE IS PARTICULARLY SUITABLE AS A ROOFING MATERIAL AS IT HAS AN EXTREMELY LOW WATER ABSORPTION INDEX OF LESS THAN 0.4%. IN FACT, THIS NATURAL SLATE, WHICH REQUIRES ONLY MINIMAL PROCESSING, HAS THE LOWEST EMBODIED ENERGY OF ALL THE ROOFING MATERIALS. NATURAL SLATE IS SPECIFIED BY BUILDING PROFESSIONALS AS A RESULT OF ITS BEAUTY AND DURABILITY. SLATE IS INCREDIBLY DURABLE: IT CAN LAST UP TO SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS. AS A NATURAL RESOURCE, IT OFFERS MANY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS. ITS LOW TENDENCY TO ABSORB WATER ALSO MAKES IT VERY RESISTANT TO FROST DAMAGE AND BREAKAGE DUE TO FREEZING. NATURAL SLATE IS ALSO WATERPROOF AND FIREPROOF RESISTANT AND ENERGY EFFICIENT. IT REQUIRES LITTLE OR NO MAINTENANCE.
- 51. STUCCO IS A MATERIAL MADE OF AN AGGREGATE, A BINDER, AND WATER. STUCCO IS APPLIED WET AND HARDENS TO A VERY DENSE SOLID. IT IS USED AS DECORATIVE COATING FOR WALLS AND CEILINGS AND AS A SCULPTURAL AND ARTISTIC MATERIAL IN ARCHITECTURE. STUCCO MAY BE USED TO COVER LESS VISUALLY APPEALING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS SUCH AS CONCRETE, CINDER BLOCK, OR CLAY BRICK AND ADOBE. STUCCO RELIEF WAS USED IN THE ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION SCHEMES OF MANY ANCIENT CULTURES.
- 53. FIBER CEMENT Fiber cement siding is a building material used to cover the exterior of a building in both commercial and domestic applications. Fiber cement is a composite material made of sand, cement and cellulose fibres. The external cladding products require very little maintenance once installed and painted. The thicker/denser fiber cement products have excellent impact resistance but the thinner less dense products need to be protected from impact. Compared to wooden siding, fiber cement is not susceptible to termites. Fiber cement cladding is a non combustible material.
- 55. THANK YOU