Facts About Apemen
- 1. Mike Riddle Answers in Genesis Facts About Apemen
- 2. Topics A history of apemen – the track record Two case studies Neandertals Australopithecines and Lucy How evolution hinders critical thinking How things change
- 3. History of Man Evolution begins with the assumption that man has evolved from ape-like creatures Pick your relative The Bible teaches that God created man So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female Genesis 1:27
- 4. School Textbooks “ Look closely at your hand. You have five flexible fingers. Animals with five flexible fingers are called primates. Monkeys, apes, and humans are examples of primates….Primates most likely evolved from small, insect-eating rodentlike mammals that lived about 60 million years ago.” Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, Biology – Visualizing Life, 1998, p. 213.
- 5. School Textbooks “But all researchers agree on certain basic facts. We know, for example, that humans evolved from ancestors we share with other living primates such as chimpanzees and apes.” Miller and Levine, Biology , 2000, p. 757.
- 6. Piltdown Man Segment of human skull Segment of lower ape-like jaw
- 7. Piltdown Man Parts found between 1908 and 1912 in Piltdown, England Portion of human skull Portion of lower ape-like jaw The claim: 500,000 year old intermediate link
- 8. Piltdown Man New York Times ran an article: “ Darwin Theory Proved True.” Featured in textbooks and encyclopedias In 1953 scientists studied the bones A fraud (600 year old bones) The Truth
- 9. Nebraska Man 1922 fossil evidence was discovered Used to support evolution in the 1925 Scopes trial The claim: 1 million year old intermediate link An extinct pig’s tooth The Truth
- 10. Ramapithecus 1930s What they drew What they found
- 11. Ramapithecus “ Ramapithicus is ideally structured to be an ancestor of hominids. If he isn't, we don't have anything else that is.” Time Magazine (Nov. 7, 1977)
- 12. Ramapithecus In 1970 a baboon living in Ethiopia was discovered. Same dental structure Similar morphological features found on Ramapithecus Ramapithecus dropped from human line The claim: 14 million year old intermediate between ape-like creatures and humans The truth
- 13. Summary of “Facts” Piltdown Man ……… Hoax Nebraska Man …….. Pig Ramapithecus …….. Ape In each case the date (age) was completely WRONG! What about the dates?
- 14. Two Case Studies Neandertals Lucy and the Australopithicines
- 15. Neandertals Case Study 1 Characteristics Anatomy Genetics (DNA)
- 16. Neandertals Original Drawing of Neandertal
- 17. Neandertals Constructed to look ape-like Brain capacity about 200 cc larger First found near Dusseldorf, Germany in 1856 Initial construction discovered to be wrong Used jewelry Used musical instruments Did cave paintings Capable of speech Buried their dead
- 18. Neandertal Burial Cites “Most anthropologists recognize burial as a very human, and a very religious, act. But the strongest evidence that Neandertals were fully human and of our species is that at four sites Neandertals and modern humans were buried together.” Marvin Lubenow, “Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA: An Evaluation,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal , 1998 p.89.
- 19. Rearranging the Data Lower jaw 30 mm (over an inch) out of the socket Drawing of a Neandertal fossil purchased at the souvenir counter at the museum in Berlin giving an ape-like appearance From Buried Alive by Dr. Jack Cuozzo
- 20. Rearranging the Data Flat, human appearance From Buried Alive by Dr. Jack Cuozzo Lower jaw 30 mm (over an inch) out of the socket
- 21. Neandertal Anatomy Thick brow Stocky body build Short extremities
- 22. Neandertal Population Common dates for Neandertals are 130,000 to 30,000 years ago Neandertals existed for about 100,000 years (2,500 generations)
- 23. Neandertal Population There should have been over 50 billion Neandertals that lived during this time! Where are the fossils? 1 2000 300 million 6 billion 100 generations
- 24. Neanderthals 1964: Neanderthals are a sub-species of humans 1997: Neanderthals are a separate species (based on mtDNA find) “ The results of mitochondrial DNA show clearly that Neandertal was not our direct ancestor, unlike earlier hypotheses made by some paleoanthropologists.” Luigi Cavalli-Sforza (Professor of genetics Stanford University), Genes, People, and Languages, 2000, p. 35.
- 25. Critical Thinking 1,669 modern humans were compared with one Neanderthal How was this comparison made?
- 26. Statistics “It is improper to use statistical ‘averages’ in situations where many entities are being compared with only one entity. In this case, 994 sequences from 1669 modern humans are compared with one sequence from one Neandertal. Thus, there is no Neandertal ‘average,’ and the comparison is not valid.” Marvin Lubenow (Th.M., M.S. Anthropology), “Recovery of Neandertal mtDNA: AN Evaluation,” CEN Technical Journal , 1998.
- 27. Differences Between modern humans the range is from 1 to 24 mtDNA differences What does this mean? When compared to modern humans there were 22 mtDNA substitution differences Neanderthal and human 22 Human and human 24
- 28. Evolution and Logic There are a few modern humans who differ by 2 substitutions more than the Neanderthal individual Therefore, using evolutionists logic, these people are a separate species (not human) ~ 8% of the people here tonight are not human
- 29. Neandertal DNA “ Analysis of Neanderthal DNA failed to demonstrate any significance from DNA of modern humans.” Nicholas Comninellis, M.D., Creative Defense: Evidence Against Evolution , 2001, p. 195. (citing Marvin Lubenow, “Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA: An Evaluation,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal , 1998.)
- 30. Conclusion About Neandertals Protruding brow ridge Stocky body build and short extremities Isolated population of people Lived in a cold, harsh climate 100% human Neandertal man, reconstructed from a skull found in La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France
- 31. A Case Study in Deception Lucy and the Australopithecines
- 32. Lucy What was found Did Lucy walk upright Note: Lucy is our ancestor
- 33. Challenges to Our Youth Artistic conception Note contemplative gaze, human hands and use of tools. Australopithecus africanus What do you notice about this picture?
- 34. Evolutionary Preconception “ I wanted to get a human soul into this ape-like face, to indicate something about where he was headed.” John Gurche, artist, National Geographic, March, 1996 p. 109.
- 35. What Was Found? Lucy discovered in 1974 About 40% of the fossil was found Claimed to be 3.5 million years old Claimed bipedal (walked upright)
- 36. Lucy and the Australopithecines Long arms are identical to chimpanzees Jaws are similar to chimpanzees Upper leg bone is similar to chimpanzees Lucy’s legs were very ape-like Brain size (400-500 cc) overlaps chimpanzees Large back muscles for tree dwelling Hands similar to pygmy chimpanzee Feet were long and curved No similarity in appearance to humans
- 37. Did Lucy Walk Upright The rib cage The pelvis Leg and foot bones To determine if Lucy walked upright three areas of anatomy were examined
- 38. Rib Cage Ape ribs are conical shaped Human ribs are barrel-like Circular barrel-like Human Conical shape Ape
- 39. Lucy’s Rib Cage “I noticed that the ribs were more round in cross-section, more like what you see in apes. Human ribs are flatter in cross-section. But the shape of the rib cage itself was the biggest surprise of all. The human rib cage is barrel shaped, and I just couldn’t get Lucy’s ribs to fit this kind of shape.” Peter Schmid (paleontologist at the Anthropological Institute in Zurich) Quoted from Origins reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human by Richard Leakey and Roger Lewin
- 40. Lucy’s Rib Cage “ In Lucy’s case, her ribs are conical, like those found in apes.” Brad Harrub (Ph.D. Anatomy and Neurobiology) and Bert Thompson (Ph.D. Microbiology), The Truth About Human Origins , 2003, p. 47.
- 41. Chimp vs. Human Pelvis Chimp Human
- 42. Lucy’s Pelvis “The fact that the anterior portion of the iliac blade faces laterally in humans but not in chimpanzees is obvious. The marked resemblance of AL 288-1 (Lucy) to the chimpanzee is equally obvious… It suggests to us that the mechanism of lateral pelvic balance during bipedalism was closer to that in apes than in humans.” J. Stern & R. Sussman, American Journal of Physical Anthropology , 1983, pp. 291 & 292.
- 43. PBS Nova Series ; In Search of Human Origins episode one 1994 (Dr. Owen Lovejoy) Lucy’s pelvis is “wrong” because it is very ape-like
- 44. “Fixing” Lucy with a power saw! PBS Nova Series ; In Search of Human Origins episode one 1994 (Dr. Owen Lovejoy)
- 45. Knee Joint of A. afarensis 15 ° carrying angle (valgus) Human = 9 ° Gorilla = 0 ° Chimp = 0 ° Orangutan = 9 ° Spider monkey = 9 °
- 46. How Evolution Hinders Critical Thinking
- 47. Lucy: What Nice Feet You Have Drawing from Life: The Science of Biology , Purves, Orians, and Heller, 1992, p. 604. St Louis zoo replica of Lucy
- 48. Apes and Humans – a Test Which footprint is human? Human
- 49. Laetoli Footprints Footprints discovered in 1978 in Laetoli, Tanzania. The footprints were dated at 3.5 million years old. Who made these footprints?
- 50. Ape and Human Footprints Laetoli footprint Ape (Lucy) Human
- 51. Footprints and Real Evidence “ Indistinguishable from those of habitually barefoot Homo sapiens .” Russell Tuttle, “The Pattern of Little Feet,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology , Feb 1989, p. 316.
- 52. Anatomy of Australopithecines “… anatomist Dr Charles Oxnard has shown that the big toe actually sticks out as in chimpanzees.” David Catchpoole, Ph.D., “New evidence: Lucy was a knuckle-walker”, www.answersingenesis.org/docs2/4256news5-5-2000.asp
- 53. Lucy: Saint Louis Museum
- 54. Evolution Rejects the Evidence “Professor Betsy Schumann, evolutionist expert, admits that the statue's feet ‘probably are not accurate’, but when asked whether the statue should be changed, she says, Creation ex nihilo , Dec 1996, p.52. In other words, evolution must use bad science to deceive people ‘ Absolutely not ’ .”
- 55. Textbooks Promoting Bad Science “Some 3.7 million years ago, several bipedal (upright-walking) human animals of the species Australopithecus afarensis left footprints in damp volcanic ash in what is now Tanzania in East Africa.” Biology: Concepts and Connections , 2000, p. 404.
- 56. Confusion about Lucy “Anatomical evidence indicates that A . afarensis was bipedal…” …some anthropologists are convinced by the anatomical evidence that A . afarensis was not a modern biped.” Robert Boyd and Joan Silk, (both professors of anthropology), How Humans Evolved , 2000, pp. 331-334. Why the confusion? Why aren’t students told about this?
- 57. Did Lucy Walk Upright? 1987 Charles Oxnard ( Professor of Anatomy and Human Biology) Computer analysis 1992 American Journal of Physical Anthropology , Walked like chimpanzees 1993 Christine Tardieu, (Anthropologist) reported, “Its locking mechanism was not developed.” 1994 Journal of Human Evolution, A Biochemical Study of the Hip and Thigh
- 58. Did Lucy Walk Upright? “ I walked over to the cabinet, pulled out Lucy, and shazam! – she had the morphology that was classic for knuckle walkers.” “ Regardless of the status of Lucy’s knee joint, new evidence has come forth that Lucy has the morphology of a knuckle-walker.” Richmand and Strait, “Evidence that Humans Evolved from Knuckle-Walking Ancestor,” Nature , 2000. E. Stokstad, “Hominid Ancestors May Have Knuckle Walked,” Science , 2000.
- 59. Did Lucy Walk Upright? “The australopithecines known over the last several decades … are now irrevocably removed from a place in the evolution of human bipedalism,… All this should make us wonder about the usual presentation of human evolution in introductory textbooks…” Charles Oxnard (professor of anatomy and leading expert on australopithecine fossils), The Order of Man: A Biomathematical Anatomy of the Primates , 1984, p. 332.
- 60. Did Lucy Walk Upright? “ There are so many unique features required for bipedal motion that it is impossible for a quadruped to gradually evolve into a biped.” Stuart Burgess (Ph.D. CEng), Hallmarks of Design , 2002, p. 166.
- 61. 10 Unique Characteristics Fine balance Flat face Upright skull Straight back Fully extendable hip joints Angled femur bones Fully extendable knee joints Long legs Arched feet Strong big toes
- 62. Textbooks and Accuracy Biology: The Web of Life, 1993 1 Teeth 3 Flatter face 2 Eye socket
- 63. Mechanism for Change Is it possible for a Lucy-like creature to evolve into a human?
- 64. Evolution and Change Natural selection selects this mutation over any existing genes or other detrimental mutations that code for this function The mutation is inherited by offspring KEY : This process must add New Information A beneficial mutation occurs
- 65. Natural Selection Ability to adapt to the environment Survival of the fittest Can natural selection cause one kind (species) to become a new kind? Natural selection ONLY works with existing information No!
- 66. Human Variation Watusi Pygmy Dwarfism Basketball players Eskimo (Inuit) This is an example of genetic variation and natural selection and NOT evolution Billy Barty 3-foot-9 Shaquille O’neal 7-foot -1
- 67. Mutation Evolution possible yes Add information No evolution No Change morphology No Yes Detrimental Neutral Beneficial No change No evolution Disease No evolution
- 68. Mutations and Evolution “But in all the reading I’ve done in the life-sciences literature, I’ve never found a mutation that added information… All point mutations that have been studied on the molecular level turn out to reduce the genetic information and not increase it.” Lee Spetner (Ph.D. Physics – MIT, taught information and communications at Johns Hopkins University), Not By Chance , 1997, pp. 131, 138.
- 69. Scientists Linda K. Walkup, Ph.D. Genetics Todd Wood, Ph.D. Genetics Lane Lester, Ph.D. Genetics James S. Allan, Ph.D. Genetics Andre Eggen, Ph.D. Genetics Maciej Giertych, Ph.D. Genetics Leonard Korochkin, M.D., Genetics and Neurobiology Kimberly Berrine, Ph.D., Microbiology & Immunology Duane Gish, Ph.D. Biochemistry Harriet Kim, Ph.D. Biochemistry Bob Hoskin, Ph.D. Biochemistry Neil Huber, Ph.D. Physical Anthropology Kyoung-Tai Kim, Ph.D. Genetic Engineering
- 70. Summary Evolutionists ignore the scientific evidence Evolutionists create misleading pictures in textbooks to support evolution Evolutionists practice censorship The scientific evidence supports Lucy was an extinct type of chimpanzee All the evidence supports “Created after their kind”, “Made in the image and likeness of God”
- 71. I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well. Psalm 139:14
- 72. AiG Web Address 00439 Over 1,000 Articles by Category