Flexible display

Flexible display

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  ALWIN POULOSE Msc.Electronics
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  History of displaytechnology 1.Monochrome CRT(1922) 2.Split-Flap Display(1957) 3.Flip-Disc Display(1961) 4.Monochrome Plasma Display(1964)
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  7.LED Display(1968) 5.Vacuum FluorescentDisplay(1967) 6.Direct-View Bistable Storage Tube(1968) 8.Twisted Nematic Field Effect LCD(1972)
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  9.Super-Twisted Nematic Display(1984)10.Thin Film Transistor LCD(1986) 11.Full-Color Plasma Display (1995) 12.Active-Matrix OLED (2003)
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  13.Organic LED (2003) 14.ElectronicPaper Display (2004) 15.Flexible Display
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  What is aflexible display? Flexible displays are essentially very thin display screens that can be printed onto flexible or stretchable material and then attached to other surfaces or produced in a variety of shapes.
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  Flexible Display  Asthe name indicates flexible displays are flexible unlike conventional displays.  Flexible displays opens the possibility of more than one input method other than touch - stress or strain applied on the unit.  Flexible display technologies opened up the possibility of low cost manufacture and offers new and emerging applications.
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   Flexible displaysare thin as human hair  Ultimate flexible display is a combination of TFT- LCD and OLED techniques— with advances developed in various fields such as processing, component, and materials  Flexible display provides the following functions 1.Intensity and resolution enhancement of sub- region of display wall 2.Information augmentation 3.Stepping user interfaces for its viewers interfacing with display wall
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  History 1970 Electronic paperfirst developed at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center 1990 Printing of OLED on flexible substrate discovered 2000 World's first flexible display using electronic ink from E Ink Corporation 2002 Philips finds way to 'paint' LCD screens 2007 First production-ready flexible display manufacturing method developed by FlexiDis, a European- Commission funded technology project 2008 Hewlett-Packard and Arizona State University introduce a prototype of a paper-like, flexible computer display made almost entirely of plastic
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  Current status  Thereis a considerable research  Most of technologies are still in development and available in form of prototypes  The Flexible Display Center, at Arizona State University: flexible displays ready for test trials in approximately 3 years.  Currently E Ink one of most popular technologies available for commercial use
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  Flexible displays roadmap
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  Flexible displays market- demand forecasts Source: Displaybank, 'Flexible Display Technology and Market (2007~2017)' report
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  Flexible Display Substrate Substrate is critical to flexible displays development  Different types of materials are under investigation, including glass, plastic, polymer films, and metallic foils  Must be readily bendable and roll able  Must accommodate different types of display technologies at high levels of brightness, contrast ratios, and resolution  Must offer low power dissipation  should be able to provide full- color capability to enhance their market acceptability
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  Advantages Flexible Display Low-power consumption  High-contrast ratio  Lightweight  Rugged  Conformal  Roll able  Unbreakable  low cost production  Flexible display offers new and emerging applications
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  Main flexible displaytechnologies  Flexible LCDs  FOLED  Flexible AMOLED  Electronic paper  Electrowetting Displays (EWD)  Electrochromic Displays
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  Flexible LCDs LCDs aremost likely to succeed in large-scale, cost-effective flexible displays
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  FOLED  Organic lightemitting device (OLED) built on a flexible base material, such as clear plastic film or reflective metal foil, instead of the usual glass base.  Developed by Universal Display Coporation  Brighter than LCDs  Wider viewing angles and faster response times  More durable, safer and impact resistant  Don't need a backlighting source  Cost-effective  Require a strong barrier against moisture  Limited lifetime particularly for the blue color
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  Flexible AMOLED  Enablesa lighter and thinner display.  High refresh rate.  Rugged and not prone to breakage.  Consume significantly less power.  Large area displays can be made cheaply because of the low temperature process used and their possible roll-to-roll manufacturing.  Samsung is the leading developer of AMOLED displays.  2009 world’s first flexible AMOLED display with a 6.5‖ screen announced
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  Flexible LCD vsFlexible AMOLED
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  Electronic paper, e-paper A display technology designed to mimic the appearance of ordinary ink on paper.  More comfortable to read than conventional displays due to stable image.  Long lifetime: It can be updated up to 1 million times.  Flexible and durable.  Impact resistant.  Image retain without power.  Reflects light like ordinary paper  Extremely thin  High contrast  Wide view angle: almost 180 degree
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  Electro wetting Display(EWD)  Developed and patented by Dutch company called Liquavista.  Merges the advantages of LCDs and e-ink displays  Uses a process called electro wetting , which uses small electrical charges to move colored oil within each pixel  Electrowetting is a proven process, used for focus mechanisms in cameras and cell phones.  Fundamentally brighter, more colourful displays.  Simplified LCD-like manufacturing process.  Initially targeted at e-reader markets followed by mobile phones
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  Electrochromic Displays  Displayconsists of a layer of electro chromic material sandwiched between two electrode layers.  Material changes from one colour to another when stimulated by an electric current. The top electrode layer is made from transparent plastic.  The electro chromic mixture used by Siemens, which enables the screen to work so rapidly, include conductive polymers such as poly aniline  The display is controlled by a printed circuit and can be powered by a very thin printable battery or a photovoltaic cell.  The goal is to be able to create the entire device― the display and its power source – using the same printing method, so that manufacturing costs would be as low as possible.
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   Application Areas Newspapers  E-books  Digital signage  Medical  Toys and games  Clothing  TVs  Tablets  Interior design  Smart cards  Automotive consoles  Mobile  Military equipment
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  Opportunity with FlexibleElectronics Paper-like Speaker (Consumer application) Flexible lighting (Decoration application) Printed Electronics Device (Antenna, Circuit) Flexible Display Flexible Sensor (UI, Human- scale application Portable Power (Flexible, thin embedded application) Flexible Electronics
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  Conclusion  There arestrong research and development efforts in the area of flexible displays and electronics  Flexible displays and electronics are of interests to industry because of the potential for low cost manufacture and the opportunity to address new and emerging markets.  There has been increasing interest in flexible displays and electronics
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  Questions?