Food Chain and Food Web
- 1. FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEB
- 2. What is food chain? • It is a model that shows a sequence of feeding relationships. • links species by their feeding relationships • follows the connection between one producer and a single chain of consumers within an ecosystem • Shows how each living thing gets food • use pictures or words and arrows to show the movement of energy through the trophic levels of organisms. • The energy flow from one trophic level to the other
- 3. Words to know • Producer/autotroph A group of organisms that can use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Glucose (food) produce all of the food that heterotrophs use Without autotrophs, there would be no life on this planet Ex. Plants and Algae • Heterotroph/Consumers Organisms that do not make their own food because they consume other organisms in order to live
- 4. Words to know • Types of Consumers Herbivore - an organism that only eats plants Carnivore - an organism that only eats meat Omnivore - an organism that eats meat and plants
- 5. Words to know • Decomposers Break down dead plants and animals Reduces dead organisms to simpler forms of matter Bacteria and fungi are two examples
- 6. ExampleS of food chain
- 7. Transfer of energy • Only 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next – this is called the 10% law • Energy moves from one organisms to another when it is eaten • Each step in this transfer of energy is know as a trophic level The main trophic levels are producers, consumers, and decomposers
- 8. FOOD CHAIN OF AN OWL
- 9. FOOD WEB
- 10. FOOD WEB • Most organisms eat more than JUST one organism • When more organisms are involved it is known as a FOOD WEB • Food webs describe the organisms found in interconnecting food chains using pictures or words and arrows. • In other words, food webs are a bunch of food chains all together. • They describe the complex patterns of energy flow in an ecosystem by modeling who consumes whom or what.
- 12. EXAMPLE OF FOOD WEB
- 13. Marsh grass grasshopper cricket cattail shrew frog hawk Note: Red arrow = energy
- 14. Energy pyramid • An energy pyramid shows the amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to another in a food chain. • The most energy is available at the producer level of the pyramid. • The availability of energy decreases as it moves up the energy pyramid.
- 15. Energy pyramid
- 16. Energy pyramid
- 17. BIOMASS • The total mass of the organic matter at each trophic level is called biomass • Biomass is just another term for potential energy – energy that is to be eaten and used. • The transfer of energy from one level to another is very inefficient (10% Law)
- 18. Note: The higher in the pyramid, the less energy available
- 20. quiz 1. A ___________ makes its own energy and begins the food chain. a. consumer b. producer c. herbivore d. decomposer
- 21. quiz 2. A diagram that shows the transfer of energy in one line is a... a. food web b. food chain c. food line d. food court
- 22. quiz 3. A _______________ cannot make its own energy and eats only plants for their energy. a. producer b. Primary consumer c. Secondary Consumer d. Tertiary Consumer
- 23. quiz 4. A type of consumer that eats primary consumers is called a... a. Herbivore b. Prey c. Tertiary Consumer d. Secondary Consumer
- 24. quiz 5. A type of consumer that eats only meat is called a... a. herbivore b. carnivore c. omnivore d. brucivore
- 25. quiz 6. A type of consumer that eats both meat and plants is called a... a. herbivore b. carnivore c. omnivore d. brucivore
- 26. quiz 7. _____________ are an example of decomposers. a. fish b. bacteria c. plants d. seaweed
- 27. quiz 8. What is this called? a. Food Web b. Food Chain c. Food park d. Food trip
- 28. quiz 9. Which is a Primary Consumer? a. Lizard b. Grass c. Grasshopper d. Snake
- 29. quiz 10. Which organisms from the Food Web are consuming the Insects? a. Lynx, Hare b. Shrew, Red fox c. Lynx, Red Fox d. Hawk, Shrew
- 30. quiz 11. What is a producer? a. an organism that gets energy from eating other organisms b. an organisms that uses sunlight to make its own food c. an organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, non-living material or waste d. an organism that uses chemical energy to make its own food
- 31. quiz 12. An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms is a __________ a. producer b. consumer c. decomposer d. prey
- 32. quiz 13.Use the diagram to answer the question. The Mayfly is a food source for which 3 organisms? a. Frog, Dragon Fly and snake b. Frog, trout and dragon fly c. Frog, salamander and trout d. Frog and phytoplankton
- 33. quiz 14. Where does the energy start in this food chain? a. Plant b. Sun c. Deer d. Wolf
- 34. quiz 15. Overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up.... a. food web b. food chain c. biomass d. symbiosis