Foreign Currency Exposure And Risk
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There are several types of foreign exchange exposure that companies face: 1) Translation exposure arises when foreign subsidiaries' financial statements must be converted to the parent company's currency, which can result in gains or losses due to exchange rate fluctuations. 2) Transaction exposure is the risk from making payments or receiving funds in foreign currencies, which impacts a company's cash flows. 3) Anticipated exposure exists for pending transactions that are not yet contracted. 4) Strategic or long-term exposure relates to how exchange rate changes may affect a company's competitive position and costs over many years. Exposure exists, but risk can be reduced through effective hedging and risk management strategies.
Foreign Currency Exposure And Risk
- 1. Foreign Exchange Exposure and Risk. World is changing faster than human Endeavor
- 2. Currency Exposure Short Term Accounting ( Translation) Cash Flow Contractual( Transactions) Anticipated Long Term a. Operating b. Strategic
- 3. Exposure and Risk Though exposure and risk are used interchangeably But Exposure is the measure of the sensitivity of the value of the financial item( asset liabilities or cash flow) to change in relevant risk factor while Risk is a measure of variability of the value of the item attributable to the risk factor. Example: Firm export import having significant exposure to Foreign exchange rate. But may not perceive significant risk as the dollar –rupee exchange rate is stable for last so many months
- 4. ( Accounting) Translation Exposure Translation Exposure is also known as the Accounting Exposure A firm may have assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency. Accounting standard which governs the reporting and disclosure practices, the firm must translate the values of these currency –denominated items into home currency and report these in the balance sheet.
- 5. Translation Exposure Translation exposure typically arise when a parent multinational company required to consolidate a foreign subsidiary's financial statement Example At the beginning of the financial year the subsidiary has real estate, inventories and cash valued at $100000, $200000, and $150000 respectively the spot rate is 1$= 46 Rs, by the close of financial year the values are changed as dollar depreciated to Rs at 1$ = 42Rs here the Indian concern with USA subsidiaries will make huge loss of $450000*(Rs 46 – Rs 42).
- 6. Translation Loss or gain The loss suffered by converting the assets and liabilities from foreign currency to domestic currency is known as transaction loss. Similarly for the gain.
- 7. ( Contractual) Transactions Exposures It measures the sensitivity arises when the assets or liabilities are liquidated due to change in the exchange rate. Examples: A currency has to be converted in order to make or receive payment for goods and services- import payable or export receivables denominated in a foreign currency A currency has to be converted to make a dividend payment, royalty, payment and receivable to repay foreign loan and interest.
- 8. Transaction Risk An unanticipated change in the exchange rate has an impact favorable or adverse on its cash flows. Transaction risk can be defined as a measure of variability of assets and liabilities when they are liquidated. May lead to exchange gain or loss. The key difference between transaction exposure and translation is that former has impact on cash flows while latter has no direct effect on cash flows. ( This is true if there is no tax effects arising out of translational gains or loss. )
- 9. Anticipated Sometimes transaction is being negotiated, all terms more and less finalized but a contractual agreement yet to be entered into.
- 10. Strategic exposure The focus impact of cash flows of firm in years to come Horizon are long nothing is contractually fixed and the impact of exchange rate fluctuations can have substantial, sustained implication In long run exchange rate effect can undermine a firm's competitive advantage by raising by raising it’s cost above the competitors cost.
- 11. Unanticipated exchange rate change on firm’s revenue, operating cost and operating net cash flow over a medium term horizon Change in exchange rate can affect on sales volume, input cost of imported materials, labour costs, interest costs, inflation, income distribution
- 12. Operating Exchange Exposure Of two kind of long term exposure operating and strategic . Operating exposures capture the impact of unanticipated exchange rate changes on the firm’s revenue, operating costs and operating net cash flows over a medium term say up to three years.
- 13. Thank You Exposure can be Covered , Risk can be Neutralized completely it needs self confidence, patience and courage to be Creative . Not stress , tension and frustration to feel desperate..