Ftth development manual part1 (1)

Ch1 - 1
CSE-Access Network
ETISALAT
16/07/2012
FTTH Development Manual
PART 1: FTTH Design and Installation
Emirates Telecommunication Corporation
‫لالتــصــاالت‬ ‫االمــــارات‬ ‫مــؤسـســــة‬–‫اتــصــاالت‬
Version 2.6

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction......................................................................................................... Ch1-1
1.1 Purpose of the Document ............................................................................................................ Ch1-1
1.2 Types of Tenancies and Definitions............................................................................................ Ch1-1
1.2.1 Home / Business Pass.................................................................................................... Ch1-1
1.2.2 Active Home / Business Pass......................................................................................... Ch1-2
1.2.3 Home / Business Ready ................................................................................................. Ch1-2
1.2.4 Fiber Activated Home / Business.................................................................................... Ch1-3
Chapter 2 – Technology Overview.................................................................................. Ch2-1
2.1 Fiber to the Home (FTTH)........................................................................................................... Ch2-1
2.2 Bandwidth Demand .................................................................................................................... Ch2-1
2.3 Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON)..................................................................... Ch2-2
2.4 Optical Line Terminal (OLT)........................................................................................................ Ch2-3
2.5 Optical Network Terminal (ONT)................................................................................................. Ch2-4
Chapter 3 – Outside Plant Materials............................................................................... Ch3-1
3.1 OSP Overview ............................................................................................................................ Ch3-1
3.2 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) ............................................................................................... Ch3-2
3.3 High Density Optical Distribution Frame (HODF)........................................................................ Ch3-3
3.4 Feeder Fiber Section .................................................................................................................. Ch3-5
3.5 Joint Closure............................................................................................................................... Ch3-5
3.6 Outdoor FDH .............................................................................................................................. Ch3-6
3.7 Distribution Fiber Section............................................................................................................ Ch3-6
3.8 Drop Cable Closure .................................................................................................................... Ch3-7

Chapter 4 – Inside Plant Materials................................................................................... Ch4-1
4.1 ISP Overview............................................................................................................................. . Ch4-1
4.2 ISP Fiber Distribution Hub .......................................................................................................... Ch4-1
4.3 Multicore Riser Cable ................................................................................................................. Ch4-2
4.4 Floor Distribution Box or Termination Box .................................................................................. Ch4-2
4.5 SC/APC Adaptor......................................................................................................................... Ch4-3
4.6 Field – Installable SC/APC Connector........................................................................................ Ch4-3
4.7 Drop Cable.................................................................................................................................. Ch4-4
4.8 In-house Fiber Termination Box (Rosette / Micro ODF).............................................................. Ch4-5
4.9 CAT6 UTP Cable........................................................................................................................ Ch4-5
4.10 RJ45 Jack and Socket.............................................................................................................. Ch4-6
4.11 RJ45 Connector........................................................................................................................ Ch4-6
Chapter 5 – Engineering Design and Guidelines................................................... Ch5-1
5.1 Network Topology....................................................................................................................... Ch5-2
5.2 Network Management Topology................................................................................................. Ch5-3
5.2.1 Huawei GPON................................................................................................................ Ch5-4
5.2.2 Zhone GPON.................................................................................................................. Ch5-5
5.2.3 ALU NMS........................................................................................................................ Ch5-5
5.3 FTTH – OSP Network Architecture............................................................................................. Ch5-5
5.3.1 Point to Point .................................................................................................................. Ch5-6
5.3.2 Passive Optical Network................................................................................................. Ch5-7
5.4 GPON Design Criteria................................................................................................................. Ch5-8
5.4.1 OSP Design Criteria ....................................................................................................... Ch5-8
5.4.2 Central Office Characteristics......................................................................................... Ch5-9
5.4.3 OLT/CO Location Selection Criteria................................................................................ Ch5-1
5.5 Access Network Definition ........................................................................................................ Ch5-11
5.6 GPON Access Network Design(FO Cable Development and Civil Work)................................. Ch5-11
5.6.1 Green Field................................................................................................................... Ch5-12
5.6.2 Brown Field................................................................................................................... Ch5-13
5.6.3 Sizing of Feeder Cables ............................................................................................... Ch5-14

5.6.4 Outdoor FDH ................................................................................................................ Ch5-20
5.6.5 Indoor FDH................................................................................................................... Ch5-22
5.7 Pre-wired Deployment .............................................................................................................. Ch5-23
5.7.1 Pre-wired FDH.............................................................................................................. Ch5-23
5.8 New e-Life / B1‘s Business Process ......................................................................................... Ch5-28
5.9 Fiber Redundancy and Backup................................................................................................. Ch5-30
5.9.1 Diversity........................................................................................................................ Ch5-30
5.9.2 Backup Solution Scenario............................................................................................. Ch5-32
5.10 Type B Protection and Types of Splitters................................................................................ Ch5-36
5.10.1 Type B Protection....................................................................................................... Ch5-36
5.10.2 Types of Splitters........................................................................................................ Ch5-37
5.11 Mobile Backhauling through GPON........................................................................................ Ch5-37
5.12 Inside Plant (ISP) Network Design.......................................................................................... Ch5-37
5.12.1 FTTH Network Architecture ........................................................................................ Ch5-37
5.12.2 Guidelines for Commercial Units ................................................................................ Ch5-38
5.12.3 Guidelines for Various Types of Commercial Buildings .............................................. Ch5-39
5.12.4 Identifying the Number of Splitter Ports at the FDH.................................................... Ch5-41
5.12.5 Wi-Fi Backhauling Strategy ........................................................................................ Ch5-41
5.12.6 Wiring Architecture ..................................................................................................... Ch5-41
5.13 Selecting ONT Location.......................................................................................................... Ch5-42
5.14 ONT Cabinet Specification for Green Building........................................................................ Ch5-43
5.15 ONT Deployment and Installation Rules................................................................................. Ch5-44
5.15.1 Shared ONT ............................................................................................................... Ch5-44
5.15.1.1 Shared ONT Installation ............................................................................. Ch5-45
5.15.2 MDU-type ONT........................................................................................................... Ch5-48
5.15.2.1 MDU-type ONT Installation......................................................................... Ch5-48
5.16 ONT Types, Interfaces and Services Supported..................................................................... Ch5-49
5.16.1 Huawei GPON............................................................................................................ Ch5-49
5.16.2 Zhone GPON.............................................................................................................. Ch5-50
5.16.3 ALU GPON................................................................................................................. Ch5-52
5.17 ONT Selection Flowchart........................................................................................................ Ch5-54

5.18 Service Requirements and ONT Characteristics .................................................................... Ch5-54
Chapter 6 – Installations ....................................................................................................... Ch6-1
6.1 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF)- POP Location ....................................................................... Ch6-1
6.1.1 ODF on Concrete Floor .................................................................................................. Ch6-1
6.1.2 ODF on Raised Floor...................................................................................................... Ch6-3
6.2 Unirack Module with 1:2-Splitter ................................................................................................ Ch6-4
6.3 Patch Cord Drawer..................................................................................................................... Ch6-4
6.4 Unirack Module – Patch Panel for Distribution ........................................................................... Ch6-5
6.5 Patch Cord Selection, Routing and Termination......................................................................... Ch6-6
6.6 POP to OSP Cable .................................................................................................................... Ch6-7
6.7 Fiber Optic Cable - Underground Installation.............................................................................. Ch6-8
6.7.1 Etisalat Criteria for Fiber Optic Cable ............................................................................. Ch6-8
6.7.2 Route Considerations..................................................................................................... Ch6-8
6.7.3 Cable Overload Protection.............................................................................................. Ch6-9
6.7.4 Winching Equipments and Ropes................................................................................... Ch6-9
6.7.5 Guiding Systems and Cable Bending ........................................................................... Ch6-11
6.7.6 Cable Friction and Lubrication...................................................................................... Ch6-11
6.7.7 Cable Handling Methods for Long Span....................................................................... Ch6-11
6.8 Outdoor FDH Installation .......................................................................................................... Ch6-12
6.9 Drop Closure Installation........................................................................................................... Ch6-14
6.10 Connecting Drop Cable in Drop Closure................................................................................. Ch6-16
6.11 Drop Cable Termination at the Customer Premise ................................................................. Ch6-17
6.11.1 Fast-field Connector Installation ................................................................................. Ch6-18
6.12 Inside Plant (ISP) Network Installation.................................................................................... Ch6-20
6.12.1 Test and Inspection Equipments ................................................................................ Ch6-20
6.12.2 Installation Tools......................................................................................................... Ch6-22
6.13 Planning the Work .................................................................................................................. Ch6-23
6.13.1 Liaison with Building Owner........................................................................................ Ch6-23
6.13.2 Pre-installation Survey – Inside the Building .............................................................. Ch6-24
6.13.3 Pre-installation Survey – Inside Customer Premises.................................................. Ch6-24

6.13.4 Comparing Work Order with Pre-installation Survey Results...................................... Ch6-25
6.13.5 Withdrawing Materials from Store............................................................................... Ch6-25
6.13.6 Storage of Materials.................................................................................................... Ch6-25
6.13.7 Materials Procured by Contractor ............................................................................... Ch6-26
6.14 Execution of Work................................................................................................................... Ch6-26
6.14.1 PVC Trunking / Conduit Installation............................................................................ Ch6-27
6.14.2 General Guidelines for Riser Installation .................................................................... Ch6-28
6.14.3 Indoor Drop Cable Laying........................................................................................... Ch6-28
6.14.4 Indoor Drop Cable Installation through Existing Telephone Duct................................ Ch6-31
6.14.5 Termination of Cables................................................................................................. Ch6-33
6.15 Drop Cable Termination in Micro ODF or Rosette.................................................................. Ch6-34
6.16 Indoor FDH Installation and Cable Termination...................................................................... Ch6-36
6.17 Testing of Fiber Drop Cable.................................................................................................... Ch6-36
6.18 ONT Installation...................................................................................................................... Ch6-38
6.18.1 ONT Installation with Extended Micro ODF ................................................................ Ch6-38
6.18.2 ONT Installation with PVC Trunking ........................................................................... Ch6-40
6.19 UTP Cable Installation............................................................................................................ Ch6-42
6.20 UTP Cable Termination .......................................................................................................... Ch6-42
6.20.1 CAT3 Cable for Telephone Connection...................................................................... Ch6-42
6.20.2 CAT6 Cable for High Speed Internet and IPTV Connection ....................................... Ch6-43
6.21 Testing of UTP Cable.............................................................................................................. Ch6-47
6.22 Completion of Work ................................................................................................................ Ch6-49
6.22.1 Reconciliation of Materials.......................................................................................... Ch6-49
Chapter 7 – Labeling................................................................................................................ Ch7-1
7.1 Cable Labeling............................................................................................................................ Ch7-1
7.2 Labeling Machine........................................................................................................................ Ch7-2
7.3 Labeling Using Ferule Cable Marker........................................................................................... Ch7-2
7.4 Patch Cord and Drop Cable Labeling Guide in Indoor FDH ........................................................ Ch7-2
7.4.1 Label legends ................................................................................................................. Ch7-2
7.4.2 Label size ....................................................................................................................... Ch7-3

7.4.3 Patch cord labeling......................................................................................................... Ch7-3
7.4.4 Multicore cable labeling .................................................................................................. Ch7-3
7.4.5 Fiber drop cable labeling ................................................................................................ Ch7-4
Chapter 8 –Customer Services and Network Selection..................................... Ch8-1
8.1 Residential / Business Service Requirements ............................................................................ Ch8-1
8.2 Business Services ...................................................................................................................... Ch8-5
8.2.1 Supported MTU Values for Business Services............................................................... Ch8-5
8.2.2 Pro Connect.................................................................................................................... Ch8-6
8.2.3 Etisalat/Customer Data Center Connectivity................................................................... Ch8-7
8.2.4 Service Level Agreement................................................................................................ Ch8-8
8.2.5 Business Services Network Selection and FTTH/B Considerations ............................. Ch8-12
8.3 Diversity Provisioning Standard for Enterprise Customers,VIP, Strategic Critical Sites&Others Ch8-13
8.3.1 Infrastructure Development and Charge Policy ............................................................ Ch8-13
8.4 Service Profiles......................................................................................................................... Ch8-17
8.4.1 VLAN Configuration...................................................................................................... Ch8-17
8.4.2 IP-VPN VLAN Assignment............................................................................................ Ch8-17
8.5 Automation of Services............................................................................................................. Ch8-18
8.5.1 Huawei GPON.............................................................................................................. Ch8-18
8.5.2 Zhone GPON................................................................................................................ Ch8-18
8.5.3 ALU GPON................................................................................................................... Ch8-18
8.6 Specific Characteristics and Constraints................................................................................... Ch8-19
8.6.1 Reach Limitations......................................................................................................... Ch8-19
8.6.2 2G/3G Network Connection over FTTH/B .................................................................... Ch8-19
8.7 Point to Point Connectivity........................................................................................................ Ch8-19
8.8 Clarifications............................................................................................................................. Ch8-19
Chapter 9 – Outsource Activities and Other Working Instructions ............ Ch9-1
9.1 Outsource Activities.................................................................................................................... Ch9-1

9.1.1 Contract 44H/2011.......................................................................................................... Ch9-1
9.1.2 Contract 180H/2010........................................................................................................ Ch9-1
9.1.3 Contract 24H/2011.......................................................................................................... Ch9-2
Chapter 10 – Safety................................................................................................................ Ch10-1
10.1 Safety Precautions when Working on Fiber Optic Cables....................................................... Ch10-1
Chapter 11 – Glossary.......................................................................................................... Ch11-1

FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch1 - 1
1.1 Purpose of the Document
This document will combine end-to-end guidelines including: Access, Outside Plant (OSP) & Inside Plant
(ISP) covering all aspects required for implementing a smooth roll-out of the Gigabit-capable Passive
Optical Network (GPON) and all services shall be offered.
This document shall ensure that the investment made in the Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) technology can be
used most efficiently in future and ensure, that the network planned today is future proof. Zero touch, no
future additional burying to extend the network and the way forward to all-IP network are the buzzwords.
1.2 Type of Tenancies and Definitions
“Residential Tenants” refers to private users in their homes. Residential users may live in ―MDU‖ (Multi-
Dwelling Units such as apartments / condominiums) or ―SFU‖ (Single-Family dwelling Units such as stand-
alone houses / villas / land property).
“Business Tenants” refers to large (corporate), medium, and small business, Small-Office-Home-Office
Business (SOHO) users. Types: Whole building owned by one customer, Open floor: many offices on floor
(ONT in each office).
1.2.1 Home / Business Pass
Fiber terminated in the Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) in case of building or drop closure in case of villas from
the access Point of Presence (POP) without an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) port allocated.
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Figure 1-1: Home / Business Pass

1.2.2 Active Home / Business Pass
Fiber terminated in the FDH in case of building or drop closure in case of villas from the access POP with
an active OLT port terminated.
Notes:
 Active Home / Business Pass state to be added in internal reporting and to be used for Home /
Business Pass SLA commitments.
 Home / Business Pass and Active Home / Business Pass figures shall show actual number of flats
/ villas covered and NOT the splitter ports.
1.2.3 Home / Business Ready
Fiber is extended into the customers premise and terminated on a Rosette, with an active OLT port
terminated.
Figure 1-2: Active Home / Business Pass
Figure 1-3: Home / Business Ready

1.2.4 Fiber Activated Home / Business
ONT is installed and activated and at least one service is up and running over the FTTH/B network.
Figure 1-4: Fiber Activated Home / Business

2.1 Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
The twenty-first century heralded countless changes in the telecommunications, means to deliver services
to residential and business consumers. The phenomenon is underpinned by two technologies: Internet
Protocol (IP) and Optical Fiber. The technology provides triple play (viz) voice, video, and data services
over a common protocol—IP. Operators are quickly moving to maximize the number of services offered to
a single customer via a bundled offering. Technologies such as IP telephony, IP Television (IPTV), and
broadband will become a common requirement.
As bundled services and technologies are deployed, the legacy networks designed to efficiently deliver a
single service are stressed, and in many cases incapable of offering the desired services.
The telecommunications has matured to offer network convergence and enable the revolution of consumer
media device interaction. The aging copper access infrastructure in residential and business locations is
unable to meet the demand of increase in bandwidth for several applications. These demands can only be
met by the deeper penetration of optical fiber in Access Networks and increasing deployment of Fiber-to-
the-Home (FTTH). As a result, FTTH is the fastest-growing global broadband technology with significant
deployments.
The development of single mode optical fiber, with its nearly unlimited bandwidth has unlocked the possibilities for
massive deployment of long-haul and access fiber optic networks, resulting in three important changes:
 Huge capacity increases
 Substantial cost reductions in equipment, operations and maintenance
 Significantly improved Quality of Service (QoS)
2.2 Bandwidth Demand
Operators will need capability of delivering more than 40Mbps per tenant over the next few years, as
multiple services are used in the home. High-Definition TV (HDTV) becomes more prevalent, and users
demand faster internet connections. Hence, the need to deploy more single mode optical fiber, deeper in
the Access Networks, has become a necessity. Such a fiber deployment shall meet the high bandwidth
requirements of customers, ensure the network future proof, maximizes the symmetrical bandwidth
throughput of a carrier‘s Access Network, provide network reliability, reduce operating expenses and will
enhance the revenue opportunities. The industry refers to this technology as Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH).
Chapter 2 – Technology Overview

2.3 Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON)
The Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) family of specifications has been released by the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the ITU-T G-984.x series of documents starting from 2003.
GPON technology is not backward compatible to APON or BPON. An alternative technology has been
specified by the North American IEEE based on Ethernet and thus named Ethernet PON (EPON) or Gigabit
Ethernet PON (GEPON). The corresponding standard is IEEE 802.3ah. EPON and GEPON are not
compatible.
All PON technologies are based on the same principal layout of a Passive Optical Network as shown in
Figure 2-1. A number of terminals at the customer side communicate with the same port of the Optical Line
Terminal (OLT) in the Central Office (CO). The full bandwidth of this port is shared between the connected
Optical Network Terminals (ONT‘s).
ONT‘s can be designed for single or multiple user Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) deployment.
ONT‘s are available for indoor and outdoor installation. In Etisalat, both indoor and outdoor type shall be
deployed. ONT‘s can be located directly in the customer premises.
GPON can be operated on 1 or 2 fibers, symmetrical or asymmetrical. Up to 7 combinations of Upstream
(1260nm–1360nm) and Downstream (1480nm-1500nm) transmission rates are possible, of which the
highest are 2.5Gbit/s and 1.25Gbit/s.
Etisalat and many other operators favored 2.5Gbit/s for downstream and 1.25Gbit/s for upstream
transmission in order to be most future-proof.
The single fiber GPON operates on different wavelengths for upstream and downstream directions.
Figure 2-1: Principle Layout of Passive Optical Network

Parameter Category:
Downstream 2.5 Gbit/s Nominal
Upstream 1.25 Gbit/s Nominal
All specified parameters are in accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.984.2.
2.4 Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
OLT is installed in the Central Office in standard 19" ETSI rack with front access for fiber termination. The
OLT has;
 2 or 3 sub-racks
 Each sub-rack supports 16 GPON cards
 Each card has four/eight PON ports.
These are active equipments, each capable to deliver 2.5Gbps downstream and 1.25Gbps upstream. The
laser at the OLT is a distributed-feedback laser, and is always on.
Figure 2-2: Typical GPON Deployment

2.5 Optical Network Terminal (ONT)
The ONT receives the signal from the OLT and converts into usable electronic signals for the user‘s
telephone, computer, TV or other devices. The ONT also serves to communicate IP traffic back to the OLT,
such that voice conversations can occur, Web pages can be requested, and TV channels can be changed,
all at the same time. Typically, the ONT can be connected to a battery backup device, providing a limited
time period (typically 8 hours standby) of lifeline services.
Figure 2-3: Optical Line Terminal
Figure 2-4: ONT, Huawei HG851A

3.1 OSP Overview
A wide array of Outside Plant components are used to build FTTH networks. All FTTH networks inherently
are designed to deliver an optical fiber to the subscriber. However, their design is highly dependent on the
unique nature of the access environment, so product and design flexibility is critical.
The optical fiber carries the signal to the user and is divided into three sections:
 Main (feeder) Cable terminated at the CO,
 Distribution Cable fanning out across the Access Network and connect to the main cable ―feeds‖,
and
 Drop Cable used to physically connect the users to the distribution cable.
As a medium, optical fiber‘s bandwidth is only limited by the transmitters of the OLT and hence future-
proofs the Access Network because of its tremendous bandwidth capacity (refer to Figure 2-2).
Figure 3-1: GPON Outside Plant & Components
Chapter 3 – Outside Plant Materials

The aggregation of splitters is typically, either in a street cabinet or in the Optical Distribution Frame (ODF),
installed in the telecom room. This is the convergence point between main cable and distribution cable
network. From the splitter, a dedicated fiber is assigned to each customer. These dedicated fibers to each
customer, may have to snake its way into the neighborhoods in the distribution cable then to a drop cable
closures, sited close to group villas, in the joint box. From the drop cable closure, drop cables usually
containing one fiber are laid directly to the subscriber‘s ONT box.
3.2 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF)
ODF‘s are standard 19" inch ETSI rack and can accommodate multiples of unirack of height 1U (4.44cm) or
2U (8.88cm) etc. These have varying termination capacities for FC and SC connectivity, and usually
installed in CO and in the telecom rooms of high rise building.
At present, these have 24 SC/APC ports per 1U and 72 SC/APC ports in 2U uniracks. Efforts are being
made to increase the number of ports per 1U and 2U uniracks.
Figure 3-2: Optical Distribution Frame, 42U R&M
Brand

For cross-connecting the fibers between Under Ground (UG) cables or main cable, splitter output and drop
cables / distribution cable, patch cords in different lengths and connectivity are available for use.
3.3 High Density ODF
The High Density (HD) ODF is complete and optimized solution for cross connections.
 HD ODF Rack consists of 2 racks with 44U unirack (HD Swing Patch Panel) and cable managers
(organizers) in the middle between the 2 racks.
 Capacity of HD ODF is up to 2,112 fibers per rack with SC/APC connectors.
 HD Patch Panel is pre-installed with 48 ports SC/APC per unirack module, and 8C pre-connectorized
ribbon fan-out cord.
 HD ODF is ETSI standards. HD ODF installed in vertical direction and located at indoor Central Office
part.
Figure 3-3: Unirack module

Figure 3-4: High Density ODF
Figure 3-5: High Density Swing-type Patch Panel

3.4 Feeder Fiber Section
The feeder fiber section in the Outside Plant (OSP) corresponds in general with the E-side cable section of
the Access Network. Thus, this section bridges the Central Office ODF with the remote splitter(s) normally
housed in the optical cabinet / Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) following the existing duct routes.
3.5 Joint Closure
Joint Closure is used to join fiber optic cables to extend the reach, and also to branch out cables leading to
different FDH or Drop cable closures. It also provides protection for the fiber splices as well.
Figure 3-6: Ribbon Fiber Cable
Figure 3-7: Joint Closure

3.6 Outdoor FDH
The outdoor FDH also known as street cabinet houses 2:32-splitters, patch panels and patch cord drawers.
It is usually placed to serve customers living in villa area or SFU area. Refer to FTTH Development
Manual/Part 4: List of Annexure/Annexure 8 for different types of FDH.
3.7 Distribution Fiber Section
The distribution fiber section starts always from the location of the cabinet / FDH and the cable routes are
dictated by the duct routes. Thus, the distribution fiber cables have to follow the routes of the duct-ways
along the way to the customer premises.
Figure 3-9: Loose tube Fiber Cable
Figure 3-8: Outdoor FDH, Huawei

3.8 Drop Cable Closures (Joint Box-Type)
These are designed to accommodate a single cable entry with multiples of drop cable outlet. A single fiber
is spliced through in the closure to reduce the size of distribution cable to the street cabinet
Figure 3-10: Drop Closure

FTTH Development Manual/Part1: FTTH Design & Installation Ch4 - 1
4.1 ISP Overview
Inside Plant refers to the in-building network, the materials involve are indoor FDH, multicore cable, optical
drop cables, SC/APC fast-field connectors, SC/APC adapters, in-house fiber termination box (also known
as Micro-ODF / Rosettes) and others.
4.2 ISP Fiber Distribution Hub – FDH
It is the Local Convergence Point (LCP) serves as the splitter and connection point. It provides individual
subscriber connectivity to splitter outputs and serves as demarcation between the feeder and distribution
portions of the network. The most common FDH today contains the optical splitters (2:32 or 2:8). Indoor
FDH are usually installed inside the main telecom room of a building.
 Floor standing or free standing-type FDH cabinets, like 42U unirack frames with modules and
splitters are classified as indoor FDH or FDH (I).
 FDH cabinets that are attached or mounted on the wall are classified as wall mount indoor FDH or
FDH (W).
Figure 4-1: Wall-mount FDH (left), Floor standing-type FDH (right)
Chapter 4 – Inside Plant Materials

4.3 Multicore Riser Cable
Optical riser cables to connect MDU terminals (also known as Floor Termination Box) to the FDH in the
basement or ground floor of the building. Riser cables normally in the variations of 8F, 12F, 16F or 24F
vertically installed thru risers (tray or duct) and terminated in Floor Termination Boxes installed in floors.
4.4 Floor Distribution Box (FDB) or Termination Box
FDB serves a transition point between a riser and drop cables in a Multicore Architecture build ups. It
provides a convenient optical interface for one or several distribution and/or drop connections. FDB‘s are
normally installed wall-mounted inside floor telephone rooms in variations of 8F or 12F terminations.
Figure 4-3: Floor Distribution Box, Corning
Figure 4-2: Multicore cable

4.5 SC/APC Adapter
Universal SC/APC adapter is used for fiber patching in FDH, termination box, Micro-ODF, etc.
 Low insertion loss
 Good connector repeatability and connection durability
 Composite green housing
 Ceramic insert and flanged with single plate.
4.6 Field-Installable SC/APC Connector
It provides quick, easy and clean connectorization in the field. And needs a simple tool kit for standard drop
cable 1F & 2F and low friction types drop cables and multicore riser cable.
 Low insertion loss, ≥ 50 dB return loss fast-field connectors angled polished type.
 It is compatible with ITU-T G.652 single mode fibers 250µm or 900µm drop and riser cables.
Figure 4-4: SC/APC Adapter
Figure 4-5: SC/APC Connector

4.7 Drop Cable
 Low attenuation single mode type ITU-T G.652 optical drop cable. There are standard flat type 1F, low
friction-type 1F, bend insensitive 1F and round-type 1F optical drop cables.
 These cables are low in attenuation and high tensile rating with either steel or aramid yarn strength
member very flexible in cable pulling. It has a typical loss of less than or equal to 0.38dB/km at 1310nm
and less than or equal to 0.25dB/km at 1550nm.
 Different types of drop cables are available for indoor and outdoor applications and in different sizes.
In new buildings, the owners are expected to pre-wire the buildings with 1F indoor type drop cables. These
drop cables are very compact and have bending radius of 15mm.
Initially, Etisalat may stock these types of cables to meet the builder‘s requirement for reasons of fiber
compatibility. End users shall be encouraged to procure these from the market (fiber shall conform to ITU-T
(CCITT) Recommendation G652D for Outdoor Drop Cables and G657A for Indoor Drop Cables).
Figure 4-6: 1F Drop Cable

4.8 In-House Fiber Termination Box (Rosette / Micro ODF)
Fiber Termination Box (FTB) with 1 SC/APC adapter pre-installed. This box is wall-mounted and installed
next to the ONT. Drop fiber cable pulled from the FDH or FTB is terminated with fast-field connector on this
box. Small in size and very easy to install with Etisalat logo printed on the cover.
4.9 CAT6 UTP Cable
Category 6 (CAT6) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables pulled from ONT to RJ-45 sockets and
terminated both ends with CAT6 RJ-45 connectors.
 The cable has low attenuation with excellent electrical performance,
 High pulling tension
 Very flexible in duct installation and installer-friendly.
Figure 4-7: Rosette, Square-type
Figure 4-8: CAT6 UTP Cable

4.10 RJ-45 Jack and Socket
 Easy and quick to install and needs no special tools for connectorization.
 Also, compatible with all the UTP cables in the market.
 Low attenuation, excellent performance and can accepts AWG 22-24 size UTP cable.
4.11 RJ-45 Connector
 CAT6 category RJ-45 connectors are with excellent electrical performance,
 Durable and easy to use.
Figure 4-9: RJ45 Socket
Figure 4-10: RJ45 Connector

5.1 Network Topology
2x10G uplinks from OLT will terminate on L2-Aggregation Network in Link Aggregation with LACP enabled
setup. The L2-Aggregation network will transport the residential / business and Mobile backhaul VLANs
over respective IP/MPLS network. The generic topology for Network Plan and Optical Distribution Network
(ODN) Plan has been detailed in the Figures below.
 IADs are used to provide multiple POTs/CO/ISDN-BRI lines.
 Back-up Fiber/Protection Fiber: As Back-up fiber, this fiber to be installed from CO side ODF up to
Splitter [not terminated on OLT PON port] and is to be used as back-up fiber in case of failure of main
fiber by manual patching to OLT PON port OR as Type B Protection Fiber, this fiber to be installed from
stand-by PON port up to splitter.
For uplink connectivity, please refer to Junction Dark Fiber Guidelines in FTTH Development Manual/Part
4: List of Annexure/Annexure 4.
Chapter 5 – Engineering Design and Guidelines
Figure 5-1: Network Plan

It must be emphasized here that, at present, OLT-ONT manufacturer wise inter-operability does not exist.
Therefore, Huawei ONTs must be parented to Huawei OLTs and similarly Zhone ONTs must be parented
to Zhone OLTs.
However, the Passive Optical Network (fibers, patch cords, ODF, optical splitters, FDH, indoor cabling,
rosette, etc are common for Huawei as well as Zhone GPON networks).
5.2 Network Management (NMS) Topology
The NMS topology has been outlined underneath. The IP addresses of the Elements and associated
management VLAN can be obtained from CNO as and when the commissioning of nodes would be
required. Please refer to the Figures below of schematic.
Figure 5-2: GPON Optical Distribution Network Diagram

5.2.1 Huawei GPON
Figure 5-3: Huawei GPON NMS

5.2.2 Zhone GPON
Figure 5-4: Zhone GPON NMS

5.2.3 ALU NMS
5.3 FTTH - OSP Network Architecture
The FTTH is simply the 100 percent deployment of optical fiber in the Access Network. It is commonly
deployed in two specific configurations as below;
 Point-to-Point (PTP) network - Fiber is dedicated to each user in the Access Network.
 Passive Optical Network (PON) - A single fiber is shared (via a splitter) among a set number of users,
typically thirty-two.
5.3.1 Point to Point Network
PTP networks are characterized by the use of one fiber and laser per user. A dedicated fiber is terminated
at the subscriber and active devices at the CO for a telecommunications provider.
Figure 5-5: ALU GPON NMS

5.3.2 Passive Optical Network (PON)
PON‘s are characterized by the ―Splitting‖ of the same optical fiber along the way, resulting in the sharing of
the optical fiber among multiple users. The fiber in a PON is designed to share between 2 to 128 users,
depending upon the availability of splitters.
A PON will have less optical reach than a PTP network, which does not use splitters. Typically a PON is
capable of reaching subscribers 20 kilometers from the OLT, which will cover most of the population.
The important characteristics of each PON technology are defined by two important standards bodies, the
IEEE and the ITU.
Figure 5-6: Point-to-Point (PTP) Network

5.4 GPON Design Criteria
 The objective is to develop a network, capable to deliver 100Mbps per each tenant.
 To optimize the size of network and corresponding investment to match with the demand, the line plant
shall be developed, meeting the ultimate requirements (refer to Figure 5-2).
 The initial capability of delivery of the network shall be 40Mbps, with 1:2 splitters in the Central Office
and 1:32 1/ 2:32 at the remote end.
 GPON Architecture: Network deployment & distribution architecture should enable us to provide any
single service to the customer from our portfolio or 2-play / 3-play service bundles to the customers.
1 Etisalat stopped ordering and deploying 1:32 splitter, instead 2:32 splitter is now being used for diversity.
Figure 5-7: Passive Optical Network (PON)

5.4.1 OSP Design Criteria
The following criteria have been considered in the development of the OSP Design of Planning Guidelines.
 Scalable network.
 Deployment of technically matured products.
 Economical component prices.
 Reduction in CAPEX and OPEX.
 Ease to install, maintain and operate.
 Quick to restore the service.
 Minimum splice to extend reach.
 Design FO network within 28 dB loss budget, end to end.
 Centralized splitters.
 Pre-connectorized splitters.
 Splitter ratio 1:2 in CO and 1:32 / 2:32 in remote.
 Induction of 1F drop cables in indoor and outdoor.
 SC/APC connectivity.
 Express SC/APC connectors for drop cables.
 Use of existing cabinet and or locations as splitter cabinet.
 Distribution cables to be loose tube 8F/16F/24F, from outdoor splitter cabinet.
 Inductions of UG drop cable closure, in joint box.
 Splice through of drop cable, in the drop closures.
 Termination of single fibers in ONT and ODF / splitter cabinet (FDH).
5.4.2 Central Office (CO) Characteristics
 The Central Office (CO) houses the OLT and the ODF. The ODF room shall be selected such that to
install ultimate feeder fiber capacity. An ODF extension into a second room shall be avoided at all
circumstances; better shall not be allowed.
 Within the CO, flexibility is the key. An optical distribution network should never be built for a single
application. The ODF shall feature all functions for excellent flexibility including cross-connect and
cable and jumper fiber management, particularly bend radius protection.
 MDF room/or standard cable chamber is not required for FO cables. Similarly, no iron works are
required. Use of standard cable brackets and channels to support the cables. The end of lead-in should
be placed such that the incoming cable is possible to be routed to the cable brackets.
 The extent of service reach is 20 Km radius, which fully takes advantage of the long-distance
coverage. Etisalat may aim to consider only 15 Km from the POP (OLT) to the ONT. However, today
with the available components the reach is limited to 12.5 Km only.

 To extend the reach of GPON, the split ratio to be reduced to 1:32 / 2:32 bypassing the (1:2) splitter at
the CO.
 For the Point-to-Point architecture, capable of delivering 2.5Gbit/s through a direct single fiber to the
customer.
 In the case of Point-to-Multipoint, the final delivery of bandwidth at the customer end depends upon the
total number of splits along the route.
 Tenants surrounding the CO within 500 meters can be served from CO building itself instead of
installing outdoor cabinets - FDH(O) in the vicinity, if the lead-in ducts and the space are available in
the CO.
5.4.3 OLT / CO Location Selection Criteria
 Router location (OLT & router are preferred to be in the same location), wherever possible.
 Ideally placed in high density area
 The proposed Central Office building shall be new or recent building i.e. not marked for demolishing,
space should be available for the ODF.
 Duct space availability
 Aim to serve 15km cable distance
 FO junction route / cable availability
 No overlapping: OLT‘s to be considered for all Exchanges, avoiding overlaps of serving areas, as much
as possible.
The following scenarios may be considered while selecting the OLT Location (refer to Figure 5-8):
1. Utilize the existing AN cable (if available) to serve any new site by deploying the FDH within the CO old
boundary.
2. Extend the CO AN network outside the old boundary to serve any new area by FDH deployment within
the CO boundary.
3. Existing copper / fiber cabinet in another Exchange area: FDH changeover to be considered by utilizing
the existing junction cable / route. For changeover, jointing in the Zero Manhole of the Exchange to be
considered (without any ODF termination).

4. Serve any new sites by utilizing the junction cable passing from the zero manholes to the adjacent area
and where required by laying additional fiber optic cable to the FDH to serve the area, within the
Exchange boundary.
5. Serve any new sites by utilizing the junction cable passing from the zero manholes to the adjacent area
and where required by laying additional fiber optic cable to the FDH to serve the area, outside the
Exchange boundary.
6. Utilize the junction cable wherever possible to serve any new areas near the Central Office Exchange.
Figure 5-8: Example of Central Office Location

5.5 Access Network Definition
An Access Network is part of a communications network which connects subscribers to their immediate
service provider. OSP Access Network shown below from ODF-OSP in CO to ONT at customer premises.
5.6 GPON Access Network Design (Fiber Optic Cable
Development & Civil work)
Figure 5-9: Access Network
Figure 5-10: Green Fields and Brown Fields

5.6.1 Green Field
 Considering the future FO based GPON technology and to cope with future prospective services
demand, the network development shall be planned on fiber optic cable from the OLT in Central Office
to the ONT in the customer premises.
 Fiber optic cables, splitter cabinet & civil (ducts, joint boxes, etc) shall be proposed in the most
economical way.
 The OSP fiber counts from the Central Office shall be of a suitable size, to ensure meeting the future
capacity requirements.
 An overall contingency of 25% fibers, rounded to the nearest higher cable size shall be provisioned in
the main cable to meet the unforeseen demand.
 Fiber cables shall be planned, considering manhole, joint box section length and considering the drum
length. The joints may be planned in such a way the cable cut length returned shall not be less than
750 meters.
 The various main cable sizes and drum lengths available in the contract are shown in FTTH
Development Manual/Part 2: Master Plan Presentation/Table 1.
 Requirements of direct fibers for major corporate and business establishment are also to be considered
while sizing the cables.
 For all GSM sites, if the area is not ready with GPON; the following current procedure shall be
continued (viz) 8F cable per site to be considered; deployed in two different routes. Although the cable
size recommended is 8F, 4F to be considered from each side.
 The spare fibers available in the Junction Cable Network to be utilized to connect, OLT‘s in one
Exchange area and ONT‘s in the other Exchanges.
 The duct network shall be considerably reduced and the corresponding joint box / manholes can also
be reduced, as the number of FO cables that would be installed shall be far less than the legacy copper
network.
 Accordingly, the ducts shall be reduced to maximum 2W D54 and Joint Boxes up to JRC12. A joint box
of size JRC14 and manholes be considered, only if the same cannot be avoided.

 As far as possible, the joints in the main cable may not be planned to be operated frequently to divert
or put through fibers. The main joint closures have 4 in-ports and 4 out-ports, which can be used for
multiple dropping of distribution cables (up to 24F).
 The loose tube joint closures are suitable up to 24F loose tube fibers. These have 2 entries on either
side, total 4 entries.
 The drop closures are recommended to be installed inside joint boxes, close to group of villas or as per
site requirements. These have single entry on one side and 24+ outlets for drop cables.
 Regions shall propose the joint location for maximum utilization of full drum length to avoid short cut
lengths.
 Target to deploy FTTH to be set Region-wise and areas to be identified by the Regions.
 To deploy FTTH in Green areas and Brown areas alike.
 To continue with fiber laying in all Green and Brown areas.
 Marketing has identified high ARPU services and criteria to prioritize areas for FTTH rollout.
 Based on Marketing guidelines, Regions will develop a yearly master plan for FTTH rollout with
quarterly breakdown for areas / buildings.
 Therefore, there will be no mass migration & GPON will only be deployed for new provisioning of the
following services: eLife, B1-Super & LL/VPN. It will improve R.O.I. and further optimize CAPEX.
5.6.2 Brown Field
 FTTH deployment in City Center areas may be given preference over remote areas.
 To migrate all Brown areas from legacy to FTTH in phases, and according to resources available in the
Regions over the next 3-5 year.
 Fibers already laid for local networks shall be considered while developing the GPON network.
 The spare fibers installed for CATV network shall be used for the deployment of GPON network. CATV
initial installations were 16F in two routes and later 8F in two routes. As there will no new CATV nodes
installed, all spare fibers are available for FTTH network.

 To prevent additional expenses in civil work, all infrastructures existing is proposed to be used as far as
possible.
 Provides the services through Wi-Max instead of the proposed GPON in the followings area:
• Brown area with low ARPU and Unleveled Areas
 All the existing outdoor FO cabinets, CATV nodes and copper cabinets shall be checked to
accommodate the splitters and other cables.
 While installing fibers in the existing copper cabinets, working lines and corresponding terminations
may be preserved and recovered only on demand for induction of additional services / bundled
services through GPON or any other technical reasons. This may warrant re-arrangement of copper
terminations, air blocks and recovery of few verticals.
 Where there are no duct spaces available and the distances are short, fiber may be shared along with
the existing copper cables, if possible through a sub duct.
 All ODF's supply, installation, termination and patching shall be by Etisalat for Brown fields
5.6.3 Sizing Feeder Cables
Sizing of main FO cables and number of fiber calculation & attenuation (refer to Tables 5-1 & 5-2)
 In general, every splitter requires a single fiber from OLT and a single fiber from the splitter to ONT.
 The life of the fibers is about 40 years and we should aim to provide cable network which will support
all future demands. Further, the cost of fiber is comparatively far less than the cost of the duct space.
Hence, it is recommended that the provision of the number of fibers may equal to at least 20 year
tenants forecasted, unlike 3-6 years for E-side copper cable and 10 years for D-side copper cable.
 For the Residential Tenants: the table below (Table 5-1) to be used, to find the sizing of the main FO
cable for each cabinet / FDH. The provision of cable shall be based on 20th year tenants forecast.
 The total number of splitter requirement per cabinet shall be based on 5th year tenants forecast.
 Number of 1:32 splitters per cabinet = No. of Residential tenants/split ratio (1:32)
 From the above equation, the total number of splitters can be used to identify the fiber cable size;
maximum expansion and remaining fiber. Refer to Table 5-1.

Example: Residential Tenants Scenario: FDH(O)
If the residential 20th Year Tenants F/C = 200 and residential 5th Year Tenants F/C = 160, then FO cable to
feed the FDH will be 16F where the number of splitters will be 5.
Table 5 - 1

For Business Tenants with Business Services, 2:32 splitter to be installed with (1+1) F in two routes
 Number of 2:32 splitters per cabinet = No. of Business tenants / split ratio (2:32)
 Wherever a major Business tenants or Corporate tenants is involved in a building; ensure a minimum
size of 8F/16F/24F or larger in the last mile FO cable to the FDH (based on the number of the Business
tenants ) to avoid re-cabling through the lead-in.
 Business tenants with residential services shall be counted as normal Residential tenants as in Table
above.
 (25%) spare fibers shall be considered in the feeder cable size for future requirements, maintenance,
etc.
 For the Mobile sites (2G / 3G); each mobile site shall be considered as Business customer and
connected to the same 2:32 splitter. And also a dedicated FO cable or drop cable to be extended from
the FDH to each Mobile site.
 For Mobile sites categorizations, bandwidth requirements, splitter types and Mobile Backhaul
Scenarios, Please refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 3.
 The following parameters in Table 5-2 should be taken into account while calculating the dB budget
loss of the network. (Max. not to exceed 28dB).
Figure 5-11: Residential Scenario / FO feeding Outdoor FDH

ATTENUATION ON FIBER (dB)
Location
Wavelength 1260- 1650 nm
Remarks
Type Loss dB Max
Exchange
1 Splitter 1:2 3.6
2 OLT Connector Loss 0.4
3 ODF Connector Loss 0.4
OSP
4 Splice Loss /splice 0.01
5 Cable Loss / km 0.35
6 Splitter 2:8 10.5
7 Splitter 1:32 17.2
Not being Ordered Any
More
CAB/Bldg
8 Splitter 2:32 17.5
9 ODF Connector Loss 0.4
Sub
Premises
10 Drop cable loss / km 0.35
11 Fast Connector Loss 0.4
12 ONT Connector Loss 0.4
 The loss allowance has the same value both in the downstream and upstream direction.
Example: Residential, Business & Mobile Scenario
If Residential 20th year tenants F/C = 180 & the Business 20th year tenants F/C = 28, Mobile sites =
3, then The FO cable to feed the FDH will be calculated as follows:
 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 =
180
32
= 6𝐹
 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 + 𝑀𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑒 ∶
28+3
31
= 1 + 1 𝐹 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛 & 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠: 𝑋 = 7 + 1 𝐹 = 8𝐹
 𝑊𝑖𝑡ℎ 25% ∶ 𝑌 = 𝑋 + 𝑋 × 25%
= 8 + 2 = 10 = 16F (After rounding to the nearest cable size)
Table 5 - 2

Estimated (calculated) Fiber Insertion loss and reach with different split factors:
Note: 1:32 and 1:8 max reach limits (above 12.5 Km) are subject to prior field verification.
 1:8 splitter shall be used ONLY in exceptional cases to extend the reach.
 Difference between furthest ONT and the nearest ONT with respect to PON port, shall not exceed
20Km fiber distance.
Figure 5-12: Fiber Calculations for Residential, Business & Mobile Scenario
Table 5 - 3

5.6.4 Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub –FDH(O)
 The Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub provides for connections between fiber optic cables and passive
optical splitters in the OSP environment.
 The FDH utilize standard SC/APC to interconnect feeder and distribution cables via 2:32 optical
splitters and connectors.
 The FDH is placed strategically in the FTTH network to facilitate service connection specified for a
particular fiber serving area.
 These FDH provide environmental and mechanical protection for cables, splices, connectors and
passive optical splitters.
 In Villas areas, fiber to be extended up to drop closure2, in order to meet service provisioning KPI‘s.
 The FDH(O) outgoing cables 24F or 48F or 100F depends on the area and plots distribution.
 The maximum capacity of the outdoor FDH is 480. However, two outdoor FDH‘s shall be deployed if
Tenancy Forecast (T/F) exceeded 320 customers for flexibility and avoid patch cord obstruction.
2 “Justified Drop Closure” (based on pre-connectorized drop closure concept) can be installed only when the number of initial
potential/waiters is ≥20% of total drop closure tenant’s capacity.
Figure 5-13: Example of FO Drop Cable Distributions

 The FDH(O) capacity and requirements as below
Figure 5-14: Example of Outdoor FDH & Cable Distribution
Figure 5-15: Typical Outdoor FDH

5.6.5 Indoor Fiber Distribution Hub-FDH(I)
 The Indoor FDH is designed to organize, and administer fiber optic cables and passive optical splitters
in an indoor environment, typically suitable for high rise buildings and are placed in the main telecom
room.
 These FDH‘s are used to inter-connect main cables and drop cables via optical splitters in a FTTH
network application, within a building environment.
Figure 5-16: Example of Indoor FDH and Drop Cable Distributions

5.7 Pre-Wired Deployment
5.7.1 Pre-wired Fiber Distribution Hub (Outdoor)
Pre-wired FDH are ready-to-use fiber cabinets equipped with incoming unirack module, 2:32 splitters,
outgoing unirack modules, patch cords and fiber management. The available configurations are:
 480 port fully equipped
 160 port partially equipped
 128 port partially equipped
The planners shall select the type of the pre-wired FDH based on the area and Line Plant Forecast (LPF).
The partially equipped FDH are scalable, and are capable for upgradation to a maximum of
 Pre-wired Indoor fiber distribution Hub
Figure 5-17: FTTH Distribution Diagram

5.7.1.1 Scenario 1: Brown field – Developed area
The area is well-developed. All the plots are occupied. No or minimum growth is expected in terms of
home passes.
Proposal: Use pre-wired FDH cabinet of sufficient capacity. Use feeder cables as shown in the schematic
below.
Figure 5-18: Fully Equipped FDH / Corning Type Figure 5-19: Partially Equipped FDH / Corning Type
Figure 5-20: Distribution Diagram with Drop Closure

Plan the distribution to feed all the plots considering the lead-ins to villas. Fusion splice the drop cables
from the drop closures and pull straight to the villa. Terminate on the Rosette. Planner shall consider ONT,
the UTP cables and terminations while preparing the estimate.
Add more numbers of 2:32 splitters and unirack modules to enhance the capacity of the FDH cabinet in
case partially equipped FDH is used. Care shall be taken during planning, not to exceed the total FDH
capacity of 480 ports and 384 ports.
During the design any new FDH (O) shall not exceed 320 for the following advantages:
 To achieve the highest reliability and flexibility.
 Add extra slots in each FDH for additional splitters and more parking spaces for easy access.
 FO cable management.
 To accommodate any foreseeable take rate during an upgrade.
 Consider the cost savings of reclaiming used splitters for future use.
 Maintenance free and clean
5.7.1.2 Scenario 2: Brown field – Undeveloped Area / Partially Developed Area
The area is partially developed, with some vacant plots. The home pass may vary depending on the future
developments.
Proposal: Use pre-wired FDH Cabinet of required capacity. As in Scenario-1, plan for drop provisioning for
all the existing plots.
For the vacant plots and plots under development, provision shall be made depending on the Line Plant
Forecast (LPF). Planner shall consider ONT, UTP cables and terminations for existing home passes while
preparing the estimate.
For the vacant plots, two solutions can be proposed.
Solution-1: Using Corning Pre-connectorized Drop Closures:
Figure 5-22: Pre-Connectorized Drop ClosureFigure 5-21: Pre-Connectorized Drop Cable

Like Scenario-1, drop cables to the existing home passes shall be done by fusion-splicing drop cables
inside the drop closure. For the future Home Pass (HP), pre-connectorized drop closures (Figure 5-21) of
the sufficient number of ports shall be provided inside the JRC, as shown in the Figure 5-23. The pre-
connectorized closures have tails ranging from 20 meters to 100 meters. Select the required tail size and
fusion splice it to the drop closure.
When the demand for new drop arises, connect the pre-connectorized drop cable (Figure 5-22) on the tap-
port. No need open the joint closure or disturb the existing connections.
Solution-2: Using Outdoor Drop Enclosure (Product not available at present)
Figure 5-23: Pre-Connectorized Drop Closure for Future Use
Figure 5-24: Outdoor Drop Enclosure Wall-mount Type

In the previous case, custom-built closures and drop cables are required for provision of drop ports inside
the JRC. This solution enables the usage of existing drop cables and fast-field connectors.
The Outdoor Drop Enclosure is a Fiber Reinforce Plastic or FRP enclosure with IP-65 rating and UV
protected. It will be having two compartments, one for the incoming and the other for outgoing. Fiber from
the drop closure will be terminated on the incoming side and fusion spliced on the fiber trays with the
pigtails connected to the SC/APC adaptors. The other port of the adaptor is facing the out-going side. The
incomer compartment is generally locked so that drop technicians do not access the fusion-spliced joint.
On demand, the drop technician can pull the drop cable from the customer premise to the drop enclosure.
Connectorization on both ends shall be using fast-field SC/APC connectors.
5.7.1.3 Scenario -3: Green field – Developed Area
Green field developed area refers to residential complexes and planned communities where all the plots
are developed or being developed. As mentioned in Brown field developed area, plan the distribution to
feed all the plots considering the lead-ins to villas. Fusion splice the drop cables from the drop closures and
pull straight to the villa. Terminate on the Rosette. ONT box and UTP cables shall not be included in the
estimate, as they come under the scope of the customer.
5.7.1.4 Scenario -4: Green field – Undeveloped Area / Partially Developed Area
Green field undeveloped area refers to new residential areas which being developed. As mentioned in
Brown field undeveloped area, plan the distribution to feed all the plots considering Line Plant Forecast
(LPF).
Drop cables can be planned for existing home passes from the outdoor drop enclosure to the Rosette. ONT
box and UTP cabling will be under the scope of the customer.
Figure 5-25: Outdoor Drop Enclosure for Future Use

5.8 New e-Life / B1’s Business Process
 No more bulk migration. Only customers with confirmed service orders will be migrated.
 Current guidelines for potential e-Life customers require that if the drop closure is justified (20% of
potential/waiters), 100% of drop fibers should be terminated on rosette (HR). This model will provide
potential savings assuming future uptake of 100%. However, if residents in certain brown areas are
not interested to subscribe the service when it is offered in the beginning, 100% penetration might not
be achieved in those buildings. Cost and resources required for drop fiber provisioning may be better
utilized elsewhere.
It is recommended to provision drop fiber (HR) only for identified potential customers unless the area is
identified as target legacy offload area, in which case 100% of tenancies should be HR.(refer to FTTH
Development Manual/Part 5: Memoranda and References/ Page 19.
 Customers provisioning requests should be fulfilled whether deployment is up to FDH / drop closure or
up to Rosette (subject to conditions below). This applies to both Brown and Green areas.
1- RND analyze Potential, Waiter and Opportunity Applications and prepare initial FTTH design
for primary side (OLT to FDH), break downing whole area to FDH zones.
2- RND issue new FDH project only when the number of initial Potential / Waiter applications
are more that 20% and 10% respectively of FDH zone; and design should be expanded to
include U/G drop closures upto HR of applied Customers.
3- For Green area where all options are explored and no way for alternative service, a new FDH
project can be issued for 6 no’s of Waiters and above.
4- In Existing FDH area, RND to issue project for new U/G drop closure installation when
related Potential or Waiters applications are more than 20% and 10% of drop closure
capacity.
5- Along with new U/G Drop Closure Projects, RND to include installing Drop Fiber Connection
up to Rosette (HR), for Potential and Waiting customers who applied for e-Life/B1 Super
and also include all existing Broadband (BB) Customers (if any), although they are not yet
applied. Remaining drop closure ports remain unconnected until customer applies for
service, unless the area is identified as Target Legacy Offload Area, in that case 100% of
drop closure tenancies capacity should be HR.

6- An Open Project shall be issued and being ready by RND to extend Drop Fibers upto
Rosette (HR), in case of additional Potential & Waiter applications scattered within several
existing Drop Closures of one/more outdoor FDHs. One week is the timeline of laying each
Drop Fiber up to HR &2 weeks if miner civil is required.
7- For scatter applications within not existing Drop Closure; the number of applications should
in-line with % defined in point (2) or (4) to issue new Drop Closure installation project by
RND.
8- The current civil deployment procedure shall be followed independent of above FDH
investment percentage criteria.
 From the splitter 1:32 / 2:32 located in the outdoor FO cabinet location, distribution cable (loose tube)
sizes 24F, 16F and 8F combinations may be considered, depending upon the grouping of villas,
number and locations.
 The drop cables are 1F construction. The closures are capable of accommodation 12 / 24 drop cables.
In the villas & small buildings where the outdoor cabinet FDH(O) to be deployed; distribution cable
(loose tube) may be considered as outgoing cables.
 The drop cables shall be suitably labeled.
 Better alignment is required between Sales and Engineering in order to proactively execute and sell
FTTH products in the covered areas. There are certain residential areas which are completely Home
Ready but e-Life service uptake is only 30%. Majority of the customers are still using legacy services
of Al-Shamil over GPON. This situation presents a serious competitive threat in case of open access;
as such customers can migrate to new service provider more easily. It is recommended to identify such
areas and perform Location Based Marketing to ensure targeted marketing activity in order to increase
e-Life uptake. It can also help to completely offload legacy from selected areas.

5.9 Fiber Redundancy and Back up
5.9.1 Diversity
 Diversity to be customer specific and cost basis.
 Ring topology to be deployed in selected areas which shall be identified by Marketing and approved by
Regions‘ GM.
 The diverse ring topology to be deployed provided that cost shouldn‘t exceed 20% compared to star
topology.
 Diversity guidelines are based upon whole areas, not the individual customers.
 The feeder cable section from OLT to splitter can be protected by using (2:32) splitter and OLT port
and feeder fiber should be doubled, leaving the shorter cable section (distribution cable from splitter to
ONT) in star form and unprotected.
 Diversity to individual customer premises to be provided on case by case basis after justification from
Marketing as per existing recharge policy.
Note: Redundancy currently applicable only for IP Connect/Xpress Connect and IDA service.
 Route diversity shall be executed and ready for service provisions before customer can be approached
to subscribe for Pro-Service Level Agreement (Pro SLA). Whereas, diversity is not required for Basic
SLA service. Customer eligibility for SLA service is subject to verification from pre-qualified list.
OLT
LT(2)
LT(1)
1
ONT
LT(1)
ONT
LT(1)
2 : N
n
feeder ring distribution star drop cable star
ODF Cabinet CPE
Figure 5-26: Feeder Ring

 For customers who want to apply redundancy levels not supported in their categories, extra charges
will apply.
 All new POP area development in all Regions (DXB, NE and AUH) to be designed to inherent diversity
capability for all the customers identified. Refer to Chapter 8/Diversity Provisioning Standard for
Enterprise customer, VIP, Strategic Critical Sites and Others.
 For already developed areas, diversity / redundancy will be provided by utilizing the existing 25%
contingency fibers if feasible and where required an additional fiber optic cables shall be laid.
 To plan as a single ring topology, where diversity is required for ease in design, construction,
maintenance and operation, instead of rings and sub-rings.
Figure 5-27: Option 1 / Ring Structure
Figure 5-28: Option 2 / Tree Structure (NE & AUH)

5.9.2 Backup Solution Scenario
SCENARIO 1: Backup at Same Site from Same Exchange Equipment
 Each of the access links are to be provided from different cards on the same OLT device at the
Exchange.
 From the CO ODF the cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and
backup link each through separate splitters.
 At the customer‘s office, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s.
SCENARIO 2: Exchange Equipment Diversity- Backup at Same Site from Different / Diverse
Exchange
 Customer has one access link at one site and requires a backup access link at the same site from a
different Exchange.
 The Backup FTTH/B topology is applicable (if OLT equipment in different Exchange available and fiber
distance limitation is satisfied).
Figure 5-29: Back Solution / Scenario 1

 Each of the access links are to be provided from different OLT‘s from different Exchanges (POP
domains).
 From the OLT, the cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup
link each through separate splitters.
 The two OLT‘s are served from two different access L2 aggregation switches.
 Should the above topology not be available, then this requirement may alternatively be served by the
following FTTH/B topology (OLT diversity from same Exchange):
Figure 5-30: Backup Solution / Scenario 2

 Each of the access links are to be provided from different OLT‘s from the same Exchange (POP
domain).
 From the OLT, the fiber cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and
 The two OLT‘s are served from same access L2 aggregation switches in the same Exchange.
SCENARIO 3: Backup at Same Site from the same Exchange as well as Disaster Recovery (DR)
Backup at a Different Site from Different / Diverse Exchange
 Customer has a main and backup access link at one site and requires a 2nd backup (DR) access link at
a different site served from a different Exchange. The 1st backup will be used only when the main link
fails and the 2nd backup (DR) will be used only when both the main and 1st backup fail.
 The FTTH/B topology will be as figure below, where the DR site will be served from a different
Exchange (POP domain):
Figure 5-31: OLT Diversity from Same Exchange

 At the HQ site, each of the access links is to be provided from different cards on the same OLT device
at the Exchange.
 From the OLT, the cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup
link each through separate splitters.
 At the customer‘s HQ, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s.
 At the DR site, the access link will be provided from a different OLT and Exchanges (POP domain) than
the HQ site.
In addition to the above, the following general policies and guidelines are to be followed for all
backup cases:
 All backup solutions are only provided to customers signing up on a 1-Year commitment / contract.
Standard service exit policies will apply on customers breaking the commitment.
 Developed area is part of planned infrastructure of Etisalat (even if planned within 6 months of
customer application).
 An undeveloped area is area where we don‘t have physical infrastructure and no plans for 6 months
from customer application.
 Within Etisalat developed area, physical network access link will be provided to customers on
development basis.
Figure 5-32: Backup Solution / Scenario 3

 In a developed area, if civil work and cable for diversity is exclusively being laid for the customer and is
not part of planned infrastructure that can be reused for other customers, then physical network access
link (including cable, splitters, civil works, etc.) will be provided to customers on recharge / CQ project
basis.
5.10 Type B Protection and Types of Splitters
5.10.1 Type B Protection
 Automatic PON port and fiber protection/redundancy in case of PON port HW failure and/or fiber break
between OLT PON port and splitter – involves two PON ports (active & Stand-by) and two ports on
splitter facing OLT; however does not involve dual PON ports on ONT. Type B protection does NOT
provide protection/redundancy between Splitter and ONT.
 Huawei: Type B protection is available now and is under deployment. Zhone: Type B protection is
available.
 Type B Protection to use redundant PON port on separate GPON module (i.e. Main and stand-by PON
ports should not be on the same GPON module).
 Type B protection cannot be effective with cascading of splitters (e.g.: 1:2 + 2:32 Residential splitters).
 Phase out of 2:8 splitters: For the purpose of standardization and better utilization of PON ports, 2:8
splitters are to be phased out (discontinued after exhausting current stocks).
 If only E1 base services are required (no IPVPN services), then the same to be provided over
―Standard‖ 1:2 + 2:32 splitters.
 Type B protection is different than Business services Back-up scenarios as described in Appendix B.
Back up circuit is physically a separate link, however logically configured as back up link, where
decision of switch-over is controlled by CPE end device.
 Note: With use of 2:32 splitter instead of 2:8 splitter, there is possibility of over allocation of uplink
bandwidth above max limit of 1.25Gbps that is supported by PON port. BW allocation to be controlled
manually or via DBA profile mechanism by configuring Fixed bandwidth profile (it is to be noted that, at
present Business services and Mobile backhaul services are provisioned manually).

5.10.2 Types of Splitters
 Standard Splitter
• One level splitting (1:32) – Business
• Two level splitting (1:2 + 1:32) without Type B protection – Residential
 Resilience Splitter
 One level splitting (2:32), Type B protection is possible as required
5.11 Mobile Backhauling through GPON
For brief descriptions on various mobile sites categories and classifications, including physical mounting
scenarios, PON protection mechanism, PON deployment characteristics (splitter configurations) and
associated distance reach; mobile backhaul network schematics and also summarizes in tabular form
various requirements posed by mobile backhaul requirements and corresponding Access Network solutions
(Refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 3).
5.12 Inside Plant (ISP) Network Design
5.12.1 ISP Network Architecture
There are mainly two types of FTTH architecture custom-tailored for each building. These architectures are
illustrated in Figure 5-33.
5.12.1.1 Direct Home-Run or Direct Fiber
Under this architecture, all FO drop cables are laid from FDH / splitter location up to customer‘s premises
and terminated in Micro-ODF/Rosette. This type of architecture requires more riser space since individual
FO drop cables will originate from the main telephone room to the customer premises passing all or certain
Floor Telephone Rooms depending on customer location.
5.12.1.2 Multicore Riser Field-Connectorized
A separate riser system is being introduced to connect the customer from FDH. A Floor Distribution Box
(FDB) is installed in Floor Telephone Room (FTR) to link the customer drops to main FDH through riser
cables. The FDB is either installed in every floor, every two floors or every three floors. FDB location may
vary depending on the number of flats in each floor.

Prior to defining the type of network architecture required for the different types of buildings, it is essential
to know the statistics of the buildings. These statistics can either be obtained through known sources or to
be physically surveyed.
5.12.2 Guidelines for Commercial Units
 FTTH provisioning for commercial buildings and establishments can be either Multicore riser or Direct
Home-Run architecture depends on the site requirements; the existing building‘s structured cabling,
anticipated services and nature of business.
 The following guidelines are to be considered in planning the FTTH network for commercial units in
Brown buildings.
• Commercial units with existing structured cabling, ONT location preferably to be at distribution
point of the outlet cables (UTP).
• Fiber count to also consider the existing services, avoid keeping excess spare cables.
• ONT location to be co-located with power socket and should have easy access for future
operation and maintenance.
Figure 5-33: MDU Architecture

• Farthest service outlet point from ONT location is 90 meters for Data and Video and 1,000
meters for Telephone service.
• Commercial entity like shops, SMB, etc. requiring only residential services like DEL, HSI and
Video to be treated as residential customer for planning purpose.
• Commercial service expected under 2:8 splitter are IP-Connect, X-Press Connect and Internet
over Ethernet.
5.12.3 Guideline for Various Types of Commercial Buildings
The table below provides comprehensive guideline with regards to various aspect of FTTH wiring
requirement in different type of commercial buildings.
SN Unit Type Splitter
Riser
Architecture
Fiber ONT Location
1 Fully Office Tower /
Government/Ministry
Offices
2 X 32 for Del,
HSI and TV
&
2 X 8 for high
bandwidth
commercial
services based
on demand
1) Multicore Riser
with termination box
in every floor
2) In case a single
company occupies
multiple floors,
termination box to be
installed in floors
where IT room is
located.
Open Floor Structure:
2 Fibers per 100 meter
square of leasable area
Individual Office
Structure
1) 2 Fibers for each
commercial Unit .
2) For office above 100
meter square, 2 Fibers
per 100 meter square
1) Co-located in Floor
Telephone room/IT
room where power is
available.
(0R)
2) Co-Located to the
service location where
power is available
2 Residential cum Office
Towers
2 X 32 for Del,
HSI and TV
&
2 X 8 for high
bandwidth
commercial
services based
on demand
1) Direct Fiber
/Multicore Riser
depending on
number of
commercial floors
2) In case a
company occupies
multiple floors, fiber
termination box to be
installed in floors
where IT room is
located.
Open Floor Structure:
2 Fibers per 100 meter
square of leasable area
Individual Office
Structure in Office
Floors:
1) 2 Fibers for each
commercial Unit .
2) For office above 100
meter square 2 Fibers
per 100 meter square
1) Co-located in Floor
Telephone room/IT
room where power is
available.
(0R)
2) Co-Located to the
service location where
power is available
3 Shopping Malls 2 X 32 Single Fiber / Multi
core Riser with
Termination in each
Floor
1) 2 Fibers Per Shop
(or)
2) Shops Greater than
500 Sq.meter , install 2
IT/Telephone room
inside the Shop
(0R)
Inside the shop at

Fibers per 500 Sq.m convenient location
easily accessible for
maintenance and
power is available.
For kiosks (temporary
set-up) , ONT to be
installed to the
nearest telephone
room.
4 Ware House
/Sheds/small scale
industrials
2 X 32 Single Fiber from
assigned FDH
2 Fibers per warehouse
/ sheds/industry
(or)
Based on service
required if like complex
warehouse /
sheds/industry
IT/Telephone room
inside the
warehouse/industry
(0R)
Inside the warehouse
/industry at convenient
location easily
accessible for
maintenance and
power is available
5 Furnished Apartments
and Hotels
2 X 32 1) Furnished Apartment & Hotels have their own
Internal Communication Network and Etisalat
Service is mostly required only at their Main
IT/Telephone /Operations room.
2) Long Leased Furnished Apartments where
subscription is made by occupants to be treated
as Residential customers
6 Hospitals 2 X 32 1) Hospitals have their own Internal
Communication Network and Etisalat Service is
mostly required only at their Main IT/Telephone
room
2) Large Hospitals with multiple distribution points
for Outlet cables , ONT to be co-located with
existing Distribution points
7 Banks 2 X 32 1) Banks have their own Internal Communication
Network and Etisalat Service is mostly required
only at their Main IT/Telephone room
8 Data Center 2 X 32 1) Data Center have their own Internal
Communication Network and Etisalat Service is
required only at their Main IT/Telephone room
Based On service required
9 University Campus 2 X 32 1) Most University Campus has their own
structured cabling and Etisalat Service is mostly
required at their main IT/Telephone Room.
2) Large Campus with multiple buildings. FDH to
be installed in the main building's telephone room
and ONT to be installed in each building's
telephone room or the distribution point of the UTP
outlet cables
Table 5 - 4

5.12.4 Identifying the Number of Splitter Ports at the FDH
The number of splitter ports required at the FDH for buildings housing business / government units shall be
based on the number of ONT‘s / fiber drops calculated as per the table above.
The number of splitter ports required at the FDH for buildings with residential units, shall be calculated at
the rate of one per residential unit plus 20% for maintenance purpose.
5.12.5 Wi-Fi Backhauling Strategy
 GPON Splitter un-used ports shall be utilized to increase Wi-Fi coverage in residential and shopping
areas.
 Existing backhauls for the deployed APS shall be upgraded from few E1‘s to FE / GigE interface using
GPON technology.
5.12.6 Wiring Architecture Selection
5.12.6.1 Brown Building
The information below is provided as a guideline in selecting the type of architecture for different kind of
buildings. Changes in the architecture may be needed on a case to case basis depending on the site
condition or service requirement.
Nature of Building Type of Architecture
Up to four storey building having less than or equal
to 24 flats/Units
Direct fiber
Above four storeys building irrespective of number of
units.
Multicore architecture
Up to Four storeys building having multiple blocks
with number units in each block is less than 24 Units.
Multicore architecture up to each block
and there after direct run.
Table 5 - 5

5.12.6.2 Green Building
In Green buildings, it is the owner/developer responsibility to provide all in-building networks wiring
including complete structured cabling and terminations.
Nature of Building Type of Architecture.
Complex of Villas Direct fiber
Buildings up to (B+G+5) or building area up to
3000m2
Direct fiber
Buildings from (B+G+6) to (B+G+10) floors or
building of 100 tenants or building area up to
7000m2
Direct fiber
Building (B+G+10) floors and more or building over
100 tenants or building area more than 7000m2
Direct fiber or Multicore riser
5.13 Selecting ONT Location
5.13.1 Brown Building
When selecting for ONT location in Brown building, it should be in a place accessible enough during
service provisioning and maintenance. And in addition to this, the following should be taken into account
when deciding for the final ONT location.
 Power socket availability
 Existing UTP cables, if any
 Internal conduit space
 Adequate cable route
Moreover, the locations listed below are to be avoided when installing the ONT.
 Below the windows. In close proximity to water seepage, water splash areas, etc.
 Behind heavy furniture.
 Inaccessible and unfavorable areas for example above false ceiling, kitchen, etc.
 Where the ONT will suffer continuous exposure to direct sunlight.
5.13.2 Green Building
In Green building, location of the ONT cabinet shall be by developer‘s responsibility and must be installed
as per the following conditions.
 The cabinet should be at a common point where all internal conduits meet in support of SCS on a star
topology.
 The cabinet should be in central and accessible locations and shall house the following.
Table 5 - 6

- RJ45 patch panel/IDC modules
- Micro ODF for fiber termination
- Power sockets
 Should have sufficient space around the cabinet to allow access to installation and maintenance.
 The cabinet should be installed at a height of 1200mm above finished floor level for better working
position and to prevent accidental access by children.
 Should be located where the farthest telecom socket must not exceed 90 meters from the cabinet.
 Should not be installed adjacent to any electrical distribution or bus bars.
 Should not be installed in the kitchen or near to washroom, and other wet areas.
 Should be located in air conditioned environment.
5.14 ONT Cabinet Specification for Green Building
5.14.1 ONT Cabinet for Residential Building / Villa
 Minimum Height: 600mm
 Minimum Width: 425mm
 Minimum Depth: 120mm
 Lockable door
 Should be fitted with RJ45 patch panel
 Should be fitted with micro ODF
 Should have two power sockets for ONU and battery rectifier powering
 Should have adequate number of aesthetically designed holes on the front door for ventilation
 Should be installed flush mounted on wall
Figure 5-34: ONT Cabinet for Residential building/villa (green)

5.14.2 ONT Cabinet for Commercial Building
 Minimum Height: 600mm
 Minimum Width: 600mm
 Minimum Depth: 300mm
 Suitable for 19‖ rack equipment mount
 Lockable door
 Should be fitted with RJ45 patch panel
 Should have two power sockets for ONU and battery rectifier powering
 With provision for air circulation
 Partially concealed or Wall mount installation
5.15 ONT Deployment and Installation Rules
5.15.1 Shared ONT
Typically ONT‘s are usually dedicated to an individual single user account, i.e. flat / villa owner. However, if
ONT is shared by multiple users account, the following guide shall be taken into consideration when
deploying ONT in shared accommodations.
Figure 5-35: ONT Cabinet for Commercial building/villa (green)

 ONT shall be installed in a Common Area3 where power is available or can be extended towards ONT
location and which can be accessed anytime during service provisioning and maintenance works.
 ONT shall be installed where the farthest room it will serve is less than 90 meters.
 ONT shall be installed where UTP cables meet, if existing. However if UTP cables end up in an
inaccessible room, ONT shall be installed in a common area disregarding the existing UTP cables.
 ONT shall be enclosed in a lockable cabinet for protection and security (especially in locations where
ONT is within child‘s reach, like hallway, etc.)
 New ONT shall be installed if the existing services exceed the available ports on the ONT and if UTP
cabling requirements exceed 90 meters total length in a single run.
 New ONT shall be installed if the first ONT becomes inaccessible due to room partitioning or where
flat/villa previously occupied by single family converted to shared-accommodations.
 In a villa occupied by one-family per floor, ONT shall be installed in each floor and shall not be shared
with others. However, if one of the floors is shared by multiple families or tenants, ONT shall be
installed in a common area and shall be shared by the occupants in this floor.
 New ONT shall not be installed for a different customer sharing the same apartment if free ports are
available in the first ONT and its location is accessible (installed in a common area).
5.15.1.1 Shared ONT Installation
 The ONT may also be alternatively wall mounted in a closed telephone room outside an apartment.
 It is to be ensured that adequate cable routes are available to lay more than one CAT6 cable from the
telephone room to the apartment.
 The ONT location should be one which is always accessible and has an electric power socket
provisioned.
5.15.1.2 Shared ONT Service Provisioning Scenarios
 Service connection in apartment with ONT in common area. Customer can be connected by pulling a
separate UTP cable from the ONT location up to the room.
3 Common area can be near to apartment’s main door entrance, hallway, living room, etc. where ONT can be accessed anytime.

 Service connection in a villa with ONT common to all floors. Situation is similar to the first item, where
UTP cables to be pulled directly from ONT location up to the floor where customer resides. In case if all
ONT ports are used, a second ONT can be co-located with the first ONT provided that there is enough
space for UTP cablings.
 Service provisioning in a villa with various partitions (option1). If the absence of common area in the
required floor, ONT can be installed in the common area in any floor provided that;
• The length of the farthest room shall not exceed 90 meters and there is adequate cable route
to lay more than one UTP cables.
• Power socket is available (in this case, since ONT will be dedicated to a particular customer,
the power shall be provisioned from the customer’s power distribution box).
Figure 5-36: Example of Service Provisioning 1

 Service provisioning in a villa with various partitions (option2). If drop fiber exists in individual floors, a
new ONT shall be installed on floors requesting for the service. And service connection shall not be
provided from the nearby ONT dedicated for other users.

5.15.2 MDU-Type ONT
 MDU needs to be considered in Brown areas only for HSI and eLife, where CAT5 / CAT6 structured
cabling is existing
 MDU is intended for Open Floor Multi-tenancy Business Areas and for Multiple-Customers in single
villas / apartments.
 MDU can be deployed in old buildings, group of small shops and labor camps with CAT3 cabling either
at each floor or in the basement where mainly telephony services are required, and where fiber pulling
is not possible.
 HSI & IPTV services can be offered either directly from MDU (separate port per service) or by adding
RGW (Ethernet port at MDU). POTS to be offered directly from MDU. For RGW details refer to FTTH
Development Manual / Part 3: Customer Premises Equipment/ Residential Gateway (RGW) / Page 2.
 Number of MDU per PON port shall be according to the BW requirements of services provided;
however it should not exceed 8 MDU‘s per PON port (i.e. connect from 2:32 splitter).
 Number of customers via MDU per PON port should not exceed 64, in line with overall GPON
considerations.
 MDU with power backup can be considered as an alternative solution in areas where there is power
fluctuation, on case by case basis, with prior Marketing approval.
 Before making decision to deploy MDU, site survey should be conducted to assess customer
bandwidth requirements, MDU security and space, power arrangements cost, battery backup cost,
copper cabling and environment.
Selection Criteria (MDU Vs ONT/IAD): If the number of the Fast Ethernet (FE) ports exceeds 4 or the
number of POTS line is more than 16.
5.15.2.1 MDU-Type ONT Installation
 Shared MDU / ONT needs to be installed in an accessible & secured location.
 Shared MDU with high number of FE ports requirements need to be connected directly to 1:2 splitter at
the POP location, however if the requirement of the FE ports is less than 5 and the main requirement is
to serve POTS lines, the MDU may be connected to residential 2:32 splitter.
 HSI & IPTV services can be offered either directly from MDU (separate FE port per service with
maximum 90 meter CAT5 / 6 UTP cable) or better by adding RGW (Ethernet port at MDU).

 POTS services to be offered directly from MDU over CAT3 cable / structure cable.
 Before making decision to deploy MDU, site survey should be conducted to assess customer
bandwidth requirements, MDU security, space, power arrangements & cost, battery backup cost,
copper cabling and environment.
5.16 ONT Types, Interfaces and Services Supported
5.16.1 Huawei GPON
ONT Type No. of Interfaces Services Targeted
ONT OT-550
4 x FE + 2 x POTS
 POTs (FAX, SPM, CO, Payphones)
 HSI (Al Shamil, Business1) via Access Gateway
 IPTV via STB
 ISDN-BRI via IAD
 Extra POTs/CO via IAD
 eLife
ONT HG-851
ONT HG-851a
4 x FE + 4 x POTS
 IPTV via STB
 eLife
Note: HG851a/HG8240 is a replacement for HG851. HG851a/HG8240 has resident
PPPoE client and uses H.248 for voice instead of MGCP.
ONT OT-925 1xGE + 4xFE + 4xE1
 IP-VPN (IP Connect, X-Press Connect, Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over
Ethernet): 64Kbps – 100Mbps.
 eCentrex
 3G backhaul over FE interface
 HSI (Business 1) via AG
 IPTV via STB
 POTs/Fax, CO via IAD
 E1 based services: PRI, 2G backhaul, Leased Lines over DON network.
 eLife
ONT OT-928G
HW Version 5.0
1xGE + 4xFE + 8xE1 +
8xPOTS
 eCentrex
 3G backhaul over FE interface.
 IPTV via STB
 POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT
 E1 based services: PRI, 2G backhaul, Leased Lines over DON network.
 eLife
ONT OT-928G
HW Version 7.0

ONT Type No. of Interfaces Services Targeted
ONT-HG8240
(H.248 based)
4xFE/GE (Electrical)+2xPOTS
 IPTV via STB
 eLife
MDU MA5620G 24xFE + 24xPOTs
 HSI (AlShamil and Business1)
 IPTV
 eLife
5.16.2 Zhone GPON
ONT Type No. of Interfaces Services Supported
ONT zNID2520
 4 x FE (Electrical RJ-45)
 4 x POTS (RJ-11)
 HSI (Al Shamil, Business 1) via Access Gateway
 IPTV via STB
 Dial-up Internet
 eCentrex
 eLife
ONT zNID2424 WBF
(SIP based)
 4 x FE/GE (Electrical)
 2 x POTS
 POTs (Fax, CO) directly over ONT
 IPTV via STB
Ethernet): 64Kbps-100Mbps
 eCentrex
 3G backhaul over FE interface
 HSI (Business1) via AG
 eLife
Table 5 - 10

ONT zNID5114
 2 x POTs (RJ-11)
 1 x GE (Electrical RJ-45)
 4 x E1
 IPTV via STB
 eCentrex
 E1 based services: PRI, 2G backhaul Leased Lines over DON network. (not
released as of date)
 eLife
ONT zNID5120
 2 x POTs (RJ-11)
 1 x GE (Electrical RJ-45)
 8 x E1
 IPTV via STB
 eCentrex
 POTs (Fax, SPM, Pay phone, CO) directly over ONT
 eLife
ONT zNID7310
 1xGE(Electrical RJ-45
 8xPOTs (RJ-11)
 2xE1
 Outdoor ONT
 For 2G/3G Mobile Backhaul only.
Table 5 - 7

5.16.3 ALU GPON
ONT I-240-G  4 x FE/GE autosensing
(Electrical RJ-45)
 2 x POTS (RJ-11)
 IPTV via STB
 eCentrex
 eLife
ONT I-440-G
 4 x FE/GE autosensing
(Electrical RJ-45)
 4 x POTs (RJ-11)
 IPTV via STB
 eCentrex
 eLife
ONT B-8102-A
(48V DC powered
only)
 1 x FE/GE autosensing
(Electrical RJ-45)
 8 x POTs (RJ-11)
 2 x E1
ONT B-2404
 2 x POTs
 4 x GE
 4 x E1
 IPTV via STB
Ethernet): 64Kbps-100Mbps
 eCentrex
 3G backhaul over FE Interface
 HSI (Business1) via AG
 POTs (Fax, SPM, Pay phone, CO) directly over ONT
 eLife
Table 5 - 8

Services
 Shared MDU/ONT are used to deliver HSI, IPTV and POTS
 Dedicated ONT to be used for IP-VPN and Leased Line services
Notes:
1) Al Shamil/Business1: Access gateway is required for Wi-Fi (Wireless LAN) and/or if PPPoE Client is
not supported by PC Operating System (e.g. Windows 98).
2) Zhone ONT zNID2520/2424 is preferred and recommended for Residential as well as Business
services, if no E1 based services are required.
3) Zhone ONT zNID5114 and zNID5120:These ONTs are primarily intended to be used for Business
Services where E1 based services are also required (IP-Connect, X-Press Connect, IoE and E1 PRI,
E1 LL, 2G/3G Backhaul). If E1 is not required, zNID2520/2424 is preferred for Business customers also
(better throughput, 4xPOTs and lower price).
4) 3G backhaul over FE: Clock sourced from collocated 2G site or from dedicated E1 from CO.
5) E1 (PRI, 2G backhaul) over Zhone FTTH/B: Zhone FTTH/B uses PWE3 for E1 based services; for
more details please refer to FTTH Development Manual/Part 4: List of Annexure/Annexure 11 .
6) 1Gbps throughput cannot be provided from Huawei, Zhone and ALU FTTH/B. At present, speed
offered is from 64Kbps through 100Mbps (1GE port of Huawei, Zhone, ALU ONTs not to be used).
7) ISDN-BRI and CO lines: With the combination of ONT & IAD (IAD does not support SPM/Payphone).
SPM/Payphone to be directly from POTs port of ONT.

5.17 ONT Selection Flowchart
5.18 Service Requirements and ONT Characteristics
 ONT can be shared with multiple customers residing in the same premises.
 Maximum three STBs can be provided on one ONT. For additional STBs, another ONT to be installed.
 If the requirement exceeds the port capacity of the ONT, then second ONT should be installed
(preferred). If extra fiber is not available, then IAD should be installed.
 IADs required for extra POTs/CO lines or for ISDN-BRI lines. SPM not supported over IADs.
 FE and GE interfaces provided on all ONTs are RJ 45 – Electrical.

 E1 interface on all ONTs: 120 ohm balanced, RJ45/RJ-48, Electrical.
 POTS: RJ11, twisted copper pair.
 Ethernet and E1 cable distance from ONT to end device: max 90 meters over cat 5/cat 6 cable.
 For POTs/CO/Payphone line: maximum distance allowed between ONT and the end device
(telephone/key systems/Pay-phone) to be 2000 meter.
 For Business Tenants requiring only Residential Services: In case of Huawei, ONT
HG851/HG851a/HG8240 is preferred over ONT OT550 due to more POTs interfaces. Similarly, in case
of Zhone, ONT zNID2520/2424 is preferred over zNID5114 or zNID5120. For ALU, I240G/I440G to be
used.
 Zhone ONT zNID 2520 is preferred over ONT zNID5114/zNID5120 for Residential as well as IPVPN
Business services where E1 are not required. Zhone ONT zNID5114/zNID5120 to be used for IPVPN
Business services only if E1 are also required by the customer.
 If number of POTS interfaces is full, additional ONT should be installed by pulling extra drop fiber from
splitter (or use extra fiber in drop cable). In case, extra fiber is not possible, then IAD should be
installed.
 Services with constraints:
 Telex – Not supported, out of scope of FTTH/B.
 Police Alarms over dedicated copper – Not supported, out of scope of FTTH/B.
 SPM is not supported via IADs

Installation of FTTH network requires a careful on-site planning to keep up with work time schedule. Any
variations in the planned network, like cable distance need to be coordinated with Planning.
Also, as Regional Network Development departments are busy with planning and executing GPON network
development projects. There is a lot of data thus required to be collected and preserved. Also tracking such
a quick rollout requires very good coordination and collaboration between engineering sections and other
business units. Thus, a powerful software application GPON Development Progress Tracker (GDPT) to
handle the volume of data which can act as a medium to collaborate between different sections becomes a
need.
6.1 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) - POP Location
The output of the Optical Line Termination (OLT) is connected to the 1:2- splitter. Eleven numbers of such
splitters are accommodated in a 19‖ rack unit. The 1:2 splitter rack unit is placed in the 40U rack unit.
It is always preferable to place the Optical Distribution Frame for housing 1: 2 splitter unirack modules
nearest to the OLT racks. The racks can be placed on the concreted floor or raised floor depending on the
site situation.
6.1.1. ODF on Concreted Floor
The manufactures recommended method for installing the unirack frame on the floor is shown in Figure 6-
2. The grounding point of the rack is shown in Figure 6-1.
Note: Always ground the Equipment Racks. This will prevent damage to men and machinery
Chapter 6 –Installations

Figure 6-1: Grounding Bolt
Figure 6-2: Fixing of Unirack Frame‘s Base on the Floor

6.1.2 ODF on Raised Floor
The installation process is similar except that the mounting is done on the raised tile. Slots to be made on
the tile to route the patch cords and cables to the cable trays placed beneath the raised floor. Photograph
showing typical installation is shown in the Figure 6-3.
Figure 6-3: Rack Installed on Raised Floor
Figure 6-4: ODF Frame Assembly

6.2 Unirack Module with 1:2- Splitter
On completion of the ODF installation, the 19‖ unirack modules with 11 nos. 1:2 splitters to be mounted on
the frame. The best practice is to load the frame from bottom in case of raised floor installations and from
top where overhead cable trays are used for patch cord routing.
Typical installation of 1:2 splitter unirack modules in an ODF is shown below.
6.3 Patch Cord Drawer (PC Drawer)
A PC drawer is to be placed at the bottom most slot of the frame. It is used for storing excess lengths of
patch cords. There on, place 4 unirack modules, followed by a PC drawer. The photograph and detailed
sketch of a PC drawer is shown in Figures 6-6 & 6-7.
Figure 6-5: ODF with 1:2 Splitters
Figure 6-6: Patch Cord Drawer Figure 6-7: Patch Cord Drawer Assembly

6.4 Unirack Module - Patch Panel for Distribution
The ODF‘s for Feeder side are to be installed next to the 1:2 splitter ODF‘s. The patch cords from the
output side of the splitters to be routed to the feeder side unirack modules through the overhead / floor
mounted cable trays depending on the site situation. Figure 6-8 shows a unirack module, where feeder side
is already connected.
In Figure 6-8, three numbers 8F fan-out cords are connected inside the unirack module. Also, 3 ribbons of
8 fiber ribbons are brought to the splice tray through a PVC flexible tube. The ribbons are part of a 600F
indoor cable, which is clamped on the ODF.
The fan-out cords are fusion spliced to the 8F ribbons, inside the splice tray. The splice box with the cover
removed is shown in Figure 6-9. The heat shrinkable splice protection sleeves are also visible. Detailed
description of Fiber Fusion Splicing is given in FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure /
Annexure 1.
Figure 6-8: Unirack Module with 24 Ports and Splice Box
Figure 6-9 – Splice Tray Inside a Unirack Module

6.5 Patch Cord Selection, Routing and Termination
The interface between the OLT and the PON is by an optical patch cord, which connects the OLT port with
the 1:2 optical splitter input port.
The Huawei OLT‘s have SC/PC connector port. SC/APC connectors are used for all other PON Ports.
Hence, SC/PC –SC/APC patch cords are required for the OLT–PON interface.
The following table shows the common optical connectors used in Etisalat.
SL. NO TYPE BOOT COLOR COUPLING REMARKS
1 SC/PC BLUE SNAP Used at the OLT Port.
2 SC/APC GREEN SNAP Used in PON. Have high return loss
3 SC/SPC SNAP Similar to SC/PC, but less insertion loss
3 FC/PC BLUE SCREW Used in core network
4 LC/PC BLUE SNAP, SFF Small Form Factor. Duplex type also
available5 LC/APC GREEN SNAP, SFF
Note: Small Form Factor (SFF). These connectors are available in duplex also.
The SC/APC Connector is shown in Figure 6-10 depending on the site situation; the patch cord can be
routed either through overhead cable trays or through trays fixed beneath the raised floor.
Note: Care should be taken to select appropriate lengths of patch cords, for a neat appearance and ease
to locate fibers.
Figure 6-10: SC/APC Connector
Table 6 - 1

Route the patch cords through the trays provided in the ODF rack, to the respective splitter input ports.
Always fix the patch cord manager on each unirack module for proper dressing of patch cords and to
provide necessary strain relief. Excess patch cord lengths, if any shall be stored in the PC drawers inside
the ODF.
Note: The Optical Splitter Rack Units to be numbered from bottom to top. The patch cords leaving each
port shall have the reference number of ODF No, Splitter unit no. and port no.
6.6 To OSP Cable
The indoor FO cable fusion-spliced to the 1:2 splitter outputs is to be routed to the cable chamber or ―0
Manhole‖ through proper cable trays for further splicing to UG-type FO cable for extending to feed FDH‘s.
Hence, these cables are also called Feeder Cables. The cables shall be labeled using PVC ferrules. The
indoor FO cable will be fusion-spliced again to outdoor-type FO cable.
Note: Outdoor-type FO cables shall not be used indoors. Indoor cables are fire retardant and most have
Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) outer sheaths to prevent fire and smoke hazards.
Proper slacks are to be provided for both indoor and outdoor cables inside the cable chamber. Typical
cable slack is shown in Figure 6-11.
The cable slack shall be properly looped around the cable supports. Joint closures are to be placed on joint
supports placed between the cable supports. If not supported properly, the weight of the joint can cause
macro bending on the FO cable. Fasten the joint box on the joint support using cable ties.
Figure 6-11: Cable Slack in Chamber

6.7 Fiber Optic Cable – UG Installation
As the name implies a robust Optical Fiber Cable System is the backbone of the Fiber-to-the-Home
Network. An Optical Fiber is made of extremely pure glass, composed of two basic parts, called core and
clad. The light signal is transmitted through the core, and the cladding around the core prevents the light
being escaped, employing the Total Internal Reflection property of light.
A coating layer is applied directly over the clad during the manufacturing process of fiber. Over this a
secondary coating is applied which protects the fiber from macro bending. Metallic or non-metallic strength
member is added to the cable to take the loads involved and limit the cable strain.
Water barrier is added to prevent water ingress to the cable and finally and an outer sheath is applied to
prevent abrasion and to provide crush resistance.
6.7.1 Etisalat Criteria for Fiber Optic Cable
 FO cable installation shall be manual pulling or by use of cable jet.
 Normally the pulling tension must not exceed 9.81 x W Newtons, W being the weight of the cable in
Kg./ Km.
 Minimum static bending radius of fixed cable is 10 times the diameter of the cable.
 Minimum dynamic bending radius of the cable under stress shall be 20 times the diameter of the cable.
 Cable guides, rollers and accessories must be used while pulling the cable through the duct.
Note: It is important to pay attention to cable manufactures recommendations and stated physical
limitations and not exceed the given cable load rating for a particular cable. Damage caused by overloading
during installation may not immediately apparent but can lead to failure in its service life.
6.7.2 Route Considerations
Careful installation planning can significantly influence the way FO cables are installed. Local
considerations and knowledge will be useful during the planning phase.
Route planning and cable handling methods must carefully take in to account the specified minimum
bending radius and maximum tensile loading of the cable being installed.
Installers have to face with adverse situations such as ducts in poor condition, contain excessive curvature
and abrupt change in directions, ducts already having other cables, ducts partially filled with sand etc. Such
cases, the pull distance shall be adjusted so that the cables are not over stressed.

Provision of long cable lengths in UG ducts may involve installation methods which require access to the
cable at intermediate points. The fiber shall be slacked in such locations in Figure-of-Eight method, as
shown in Figure 6-12.
6.7.3 Cable Overload Protection
There are two classes of devices to prevent over-stressing of cable;
 Those situated at the reel side, and
 That situated at the pulling end.
These equipments include mechanical clutches, stalling motors and hydraulic bypass valves which can be
set at a particular load, when exceeded will trip off the operation before the cable is damaged.
6.7.4 Winching Equipments and Ropes
These include end-pull winches with various types of prime movers, intermediate winches for longer
lengths schemes and wherever necessary, powered cable feeding equipment. Synchronization is required
in intermediate pulling methods so as to prevent excessive fiber strain. Ropes or lines of low specific weight
and high modulus of elasticity are necessary for FO cabling. Lines or ropes must be placed with care when
FO cables already exist inside the ducts. Knots in the ropes must be avoided.
Figure 6-12: Cable Laid in Figure-8 Pattern

Figure 6-13: Cable Trailer
Figure 6-14: Continuous Rod

6.7.5 Guiding Systems and Cable Bending
Cable guides and Bell-mouths shall be used for guiding the cable into the ducts. Always ensure not to
exceed the specified minimum bending radius. As a rule of thumb, 24 times the diameter of the cable shall
be considered as safe bending radius during installation time.
6.7.6 Cable Friction and Lubrication
Lubricants specified for UG cable installation shall be used liberally during cable pulling to overcome the
cable friction. It is not advisable to use soap-based lubricants, which may damage the outer sheath of the
cable.
6.7.7 Cable Handling Methods for Long Spans
When the cable spans are very long, it may not be practical to install the cable by single-end pull. The most
common static method used is known as ―Figure-of–Eight system‖. This method requires the cable drum to
be placed at an intermediate point between the start and end locations. Cable is pulled to one direction by
normal end-pull method. The remaining cable is removed from the drum and laid out on the ground in a
―Figure-8‖ pattern as shown in the Figure 6-12. The winch is then moved to the other end and the laid out
cable is pulled using the same end-pull method.
Hand-pulling methods and blowing techniques can be used for fiber installation. Whatever be the method,
the maximum pulling tension shall not be exceeded.
Figure 6-15: Cable Pulling

6.8 Outdoor FDH Installation
Etisalat employs various makes and types of Outdoor FDH such as Empty Cabinet Shells which can be
loaded as per the subscriber demand; partially loaded cabinets which are suitable for places with medium /
low home pass density; and fully loaded cabinets which can connect up to 480 / 384 subscribers; meant for
high density areas. Refer to FTTH Development Manual/Part 4: List of Annexure/Annexure 17 for detailed
outdoor FDH Cabinet and Termination of cables.
Figure 6-16: Underground Cable Laying
Figure 6-17: FTTH Outside Plant Schematic Drawing

 A typical FDH shell loaded with 7 Nos. 2:32 splitters is shown in Figure 6-18. 24-port unirack module
placed on the left side bottom of the FDH. PC drawers used to keep excess lengths of patch cords also
seen.
 Each fiber from the incoming cable represents one port of the 1:2 splitter in the OLT location. This fiber
is fusion spliced to the unirack module port. 24F/16F feeder cable is brought into the bottom portion of
the unirack module. This is the incoming cable for FDH(O).
Note: It is recommended to do fusion splicing inside the Splice Vehicle only. In Situ splicing can
damage the equipments and provide unwanted results.
 2:32 splitters are placed from top to bottom; on the left side of the frame. Patch cords are used to link
the incoming fibers to the input port of the splitter.
Notes: Maximum number of splitters possible on the FDH(O) is 15, which corresponds to 480
subscribers.
Only Input Port-1 of the 2:32 splitter is connected at present. Input port-2 is for redundancy, when the
diverse route is made available.
 The outputs from the 2:32 spitters are connected to the 24-port unirack modules kept on the right-hand
side of the cabinet. Patch cords are used to link the splitter outputs to the unirack module.
 Typically, 24F loose tube fiber is fusion spliced to the pig-tails inside the unirack modules. PVC spiral
tubes are inserted on the loose tubes of 24F cable for protection, as shown in the Figure 6-17.
 FDH cabinet must be properly earthed.
Figure 6-18: Outdoor FDH

6.9 Drop Closure Installation
As shown in the figure below, the feeder cable from the POP location, i.e. the cable emerging from the
cable chamber is dropped into the Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub or FDH(O). Then 16F / 24F loose tube
cables are used depending on the planned capacity of the cabinet. Refer to FTTH Development
Manual/Part4: List of Annexure/Annexure 18 for detailed drop closure installation and distribution cable
termination.
Enough slack should be provided for both feeder cables and distribution cables inside the JRC. The slack
length shall not be less than 10 meters on each side of the joint, and shall reach the Splice Vehicle without
stressing the cable.
Figure 6-19: Drop Installation
Figure 6-20: Fusion Splicing at Site

In the figure below, the fiber optic cables jacket is stripped and the strength member is cut, and is fixed
firmly on the split-bolt assembly on the chassis of the closure
Only the fiber tube which needs to be spliced to the drop cable is cut. Remaining tubes are coiled around
the splice tray, as shown in the Figure 6-22.
Figure 6-22: Drop Closure / OPEN
Figure 6-21: Strength Member Termination

6.10 Connecting Drop Cable in Drop Closure
To connect a new drop cable, the closure has to be taken inside the splice vehicle. Identify the fiber to be
connected to the drop fiber, strip open the tube and prepare for fusion splice. Similarly, bring the drop cable
into the closure through the rubber grommet in the closure port.
Pull about 1.5 meters of drop cable into the closure. Cut 0.5 meter so as to remove the over stressed fiber
due to pulling tension. Strip open the messenger wire and cut it so that it can be inserted into the slotted
bolt for fastening. Measure and mark the cable required to loop around the splice tray.
Remove the PVC jacket and expose the 250µm fiber. Prepare the fiber for fusion splice. Details of Fusion
Splicing are given in FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 1. The fusion
spliced joint with heat-shrinkable protection sleeve placed in the heater is shown in Figure 6-23.
After applying heat, the joint is placed in the inserts of the splice tray and taped for additional strength.
Figure 6-24 shows a completed joint.
On completion of the fusion splicing, close the splice trays and tape them for added safety. Close the
closure by fastening the screws in a diagonal way.
Figure 6-23: Fiber Protection Sleeve Inside the Heater

6.11 Drop Cable Termination at the Customer Premise
Fast-field connectors or e-connectors are used to terminate FO drop cables at the customer premises. The
cable is terminated through micro ODF also known as Rosette; refer to Rosette installation for details.
The internal structure of typical e-connector is shown in below.
Figure 6-24: Joints Arranged Inside the Tray
Figure 6-25: e-Connector Assembly Drawing

6.11.1 Fast-field Connector Installation
Remove 0.5 meter of the other end of the drop cable. Strip opens the messenger wire and cut 30cm. off.
Various stages of drop fiber connectorization are shown below.
Note: Care should be taken while removing the messenger, not to bend the fiber above the specified
bending radius.
Figure 6-26: e-Connector Assembly Procedure

 For different video presentation on fast-field connector installation, ―right click and open in weblink
browser‖ the following hyperlinks;
Corning Optisnap connector on 2.5m jacket
Corning Optisnap connector on 900micron tight-buffered fiber
Fujikura connector
Sumitomo electric e-SC connector

6.12 Inside Plant Network Installation
Having the right test equipments and installation tools are very essential for FTTH installations. To ensure
quality installations, the contractor or installation team should be well-equipped and well-trained in using
these test equipments and installation tools.
The test equipments and installation tools shown are not necessarily the recommended brand and it only
serve as a guide to the type of product.
6.12.1 Test and Inspection Equipments
Contractors or installation team should make the following test and inspection equipments available when
carrying out FTTH installations.

6.12.2 Installation Tools
The following are basic installation tools that an outsourced contractor or installation team should have in
their installation tool kits, together with the general tools such as drills, screw drivers, spirit levels and tape
measures. Such tools should be of good quality in order to meet installation standards.

6.13 Planning the Work
6.13.1 Liaison with Building Owner
 The contractor shall explain the scope of the work to the building owner or his representative. Obtain a
No Objection Certificate (NOC) in the format provided by Etisalat, from the building owner to carry out
the work.
 A professional and proper coordination with the building owner is a pre-requisite, to enable the
installation team to carry out an efficient and timely installation. The contractor‘s staff appointed for
liaison with the building owners shall have good communication skills and be able to explain the
technical as well as the non-technical scope of work.
 A contact person from the building owner‘s side shall be identified and the time schedule planned for
completing the work shall be agreed with the owner or his authorized representative.

6.13.2 Pre-Installation Survey - Inside the Building
The contractor shall carry out a pre-installation survey to identify;
 Splitter location(s) mentioned in the design
 Vacant riser tray from the FDH-splitter location(s) to carry the fiber optic cables to each of the individual
flats.
 The number of drop fibers required from the FDH to the ONT locations shall be identified for a Direct to
Home fiber architecture.
The space required to lay the drop fibers shall be calculated based on the number of drop fibers. In case
the existing riser does not have enough space to carry the new fiber optic cables, the contractor shall
identify a space and or route to install the required fiber optic cables.
Existing riser trays carrying the coaxial cables of Etisalat‘s Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) network can also be
used. Existing trays shall be used after segregating the existing cables in the tray. In case new riser trays
are to be installed, galvanized slotted steel cable trays shall be installed. Galvanized slotted steel cable
trays are the preferred mode for vertical sections of the new riser.
PVC trunking / conduits may be used for horizontal sections of the new proposed cable route if the existing
conduit to the individual flats from the floor telephone room / building vertical riser is full or not available. If
the MDU architecture planned for a building is a multicore one, space for fixing the FDB‘s shall be
identified. The FDB‘s occupy a maximum size of 310mm (H) x 300mm (W) x 100mm (D).
6.13.3 Pre-Installation Survey - Inside Customer Premises
The contractor is to identify the conduit carrying the existing telephone cable. This conduit shall be used to
carry the fiber optic drop cable from the splitter or FDB location to the ONT location inside the flat.
In case the existing conduit is full, the contractor shall identify a new route to fix the required conduit or
trunking to contain the fiber optic drop cable.
 The contractor is to identify the services availed by the tenant from Etisalat. CAT6 / CAT3 cabling is to
be done from the ONT to each service location using existing conduit or through newly installed
trunking as applicable.
 The scope of work shall be clearly explained to the tenant. His preferred time for carrying out the
installation shall be collected.

6.13.4 Comparing Work Order with the Pre-installation Survey Results
 The contractor shall compare the design issued along with the Work Order (WO) with his pre-
installation survey results.
 The contractor shall confirm the location of the FDH and the maximum distance of fiber drops from the
FDH to individual ONT locations.
 The contractor shall compare the Bill of Quantity (BOQ) of materials required with the Stores Issue
Voucher (SIV) issued with the WO.
 Any variations/discrepancies noticed shall be highlighted to Etisalat.
6.13.5 Withdrawing Materials from Store
 The contractor shall collect the materials for the project from the Etisalat store.
 The contractor shall acclimatize themselves of the Stores Item Code (SIC) and description as used by
Etisalat for the various items issued from Etisalat stores.
 The contractor shall ensure that the quantity and type of material received is in line with that mentioned
in the SIV.
6.13.6 Storage of Materials
Contractor shall be responsible for the collection and safe custody of all materials issued by Etisalat as
mentioned in paragraph above. The contractor shall maintain proper stores, and it shall be maintained for
each project or Work Order and not cumulative to the contract.
The contractor shall inspect all materials and reels upon receipt to ensure that they are the proper material,
and inspect and report any damage to the stores immediately. All store- issued materials shall be stored
indoors in a dry place and under temperatures between 10oC to 40oC.
It is not permissible to allow cable reels to drop from the delivery truck during the loading and unloading
process. Handling equipment must not come in contact with the cable. The cable reels may be marked
with a direction arrow to indicate the proper direction to roll the reel i.e. in the direction opposite to the
direction that the cable is wrapped. Reels should only be rolled in this direction. Rolling reels the wrong
way can cause the cable to loosen on the reel.
The cable reels shall preferably be stored indoors on a dry surface. If the cables are stored outdoors, it
shall be done on a dry & hard surface and shall be covered with weatherproof materials to protect reels and

cable from sunlight and moisture. The cable ends must be kept sealed and should remain fastened to the
reel flange to prevent them from lying on the ground.
Stacking of cable reels shall be avoided. In unavoidable situations only a maximum of 2-3 reels shall be
stacked. Be sure to allow enough room between reels to allow access to the reels for removal. The
location of the contractor‘s store shall be intimated to Etisalat. The contractor‗s store shall be subject to
periodic inspection by Etisalat staff.
6.13.7 Materials Procured By Contractor
The contractor shall procure and stock adequate quantities of screws, washers, rawl plugs, nails, surface
reinstating materials and lubricants to aid cable pulling for completing the work as per the Work Order.
The materials procured by the contractor shall be of the highest quality and shall be subject to inspection
and approval from Etisalat.
6.14 Execution of Work
 Ensure that the building owner‘s permission is available. The contact person from the building owner‘s
side is identified.
 Ensure that the time schedule agreed upon with the building owner and the tenants are strictly adhered
to.
 Ensure that all the materials required for installation have been delivered to the site.
 All tools required for completing the installation are available at site. Safety rules are reviewed with the
installation team.
 Check the appearance of the installation teams. A professional appearance will increase the building
management‘s and the tenants‘ confidence in the team‘s ability to perform work properly and to their
satisfaction.
 All members of the team are in uniform and carry an Identification (ID) card. The ID card must be worn
outside the clothing and should be visible to others. The contractor name shall be prominently printed
or etched on the uniform.
 The installation team shall plan to complete the assigned work in the agreed time. It is recommended
that an appointment is made with the building management and the tenant as the case may be as early
as possible and to ensure that the preferred time is followed. The installation team shall intimate the
status of work to the building management, tenant and Etisalat throughout the period of the work.

 FDH to ONT location, riser installation, cable tray installation, route the cable tray in the most direct
route possible. The size of the cable tray shall be determined based on the number of drop fibers to be
laid and as well as the space available.
 The total of the cross-sectional area of all cables shall not exceed 50% of the cross-sectional area of
the cable tray. Do not drill structural elements of the building. Supports for cable tray shall be provided
in such a way that it provides strength and working load capabilities. Cable Trays shall be installed
without any sharp edges. The tray interior shall be clear of all projections, sharp objects and sharp
bends.
 Cable trays shall be used in vertical sections of the riser and shall be preferably single tiered.
 There shall be at least 6‖ of open space above and 3‘‘ space beside the cable trays.
 The cables in the tray shall be protected from the floor entry to a height of at least 50cm, by fixing a
section of the tray in the opposite (side flanges towards the installed tray).
6.14.1 PVC Trunking / Conduit Installation
 PVC trunking or conduits may be installed for the horizontal section of the floor distribution.
 The size of the PVC trunking or conduit shall be determined based on the number of drop fibers to be
laid and as well as the space available.
 The total of the cross-sectional area of all cables shall not exceed 50% of the cross-sectional area of
the PVC trunking or conduit.
 All PVC trunking (including mini-trunking) shall be securely fixed with screws. It will not be acceptable
to use self-adhesive trunking.
 PVC conduits may be used in concealments and in areas with false ceilings.

6.14.2 General Guidelines for Riser Installation
 Holes drilled through walls and floors for the routing of cables shall be suitably sleeved to prevent
damage to the installed cables. Where cables pass through floors, such protection shall be extended to
at least skirting height. Where cables, trunking, tray work or conduit pass through floors or walls,
suitable fire sealing shall be provided.
 All cables in corridors‘ ceiling spaces must be contained. This should be in white PVC trunking where it
is visible. Otherwise, cable tray may be used. Cables must not be left lying on the top surface of
suspended ceilings, nor should they be in contact with any HVAC pipes located above the ceiling.
 No section of conduit shall be longer than 30 meters (100 feet) or contain more than two 90° bends
between pull points or pull boxes.
 The inside radius of a bend in conduit shall be at least 6 times the internal diameter. When the conduit
size is greater than 50mm (2in), the inside radius shall be at least 10 times the internal diameter of the
conduit. For FO cable, the inside radius of a bend shall always be at least 10 times the internal
diameter of the conduit.
6.14.3 Indoor Drop Cable Laying
 The drop fiber will be laid from the splitter located in the FDH of the building or from the Floor
Distribution Box (for multicore riser) to individual ONT locations in customer premises.
 Prior to the laying of the fiber optic cable, the cable paths shall be examined to ensure the paths are
free of debris that may interfere with the cable‘s installation.
 Check the cable length to make sure the cable on the reel is long enough for the run.
 If an existing riser is used for laying the fiber drop cable, the existing cables shall be segregated.
 The drop cables from each floor shall be bunched together for easy identification.
 As much as possible vertical cables from each floor shall be dropped down rather than being pulling
them up.
 Do not exceed the cable bend radius. Fiber Optic cable can be broken when kinked or bent too tightly,
especially during pulling. If no specific recommendations are available from the cable manufacturer, the
cable should not be pulled over a bend radius smaller than twenty (20) times the cable diameter. After
completion of the pull, the cable should not have any bend radius smaller than 10 times the cable
diameter.

 Support cables at frequent intervals to prevent excess stress on the outer sheath. Support can be
provided by cable ties (tightened snugly, not tightly enough to deform the cable jacket).
 Cable stands shall be used to support the cable reel during all cable pulling operations. Roll the cable
off the reel instead of spinning it off the reel end to eliminate as far as possible the natural coiling of the
cable.
 Provide service loops to assist in gripping the cable for support and provide cable for future repairs or
re-routing.
 In conduits it is important to use a rope of a suitable size that will give minimal stretching during the
pull. Stretching of the rope is undesirable for several reasons including that it makes for a very unstable
pull, and takes away control from those doing the pulling. A heavier rope that is anywhere from a 1/4"
to 1/2" in thickness is recommended. The thickness of the rope should increase with greater pull
lengths. Have the pull rope installed before the cable pulling crew arrives for maximum efficiency.
 Communication between the person feeding and the person pulling the cable is absolutely essential. If
the person feeding runs into a snag then the puller must stop immediately to avoid damage to the
cable. Walkie-talkies or mobile phones with hands free kits or bluetooth headsets are recommended for
this purpose. Use of great pulling force is not allowed as this can damage the terminations and/or the
cable.
 The maximum tensile load of the cable shall not be exceeded while pulling the cables.
 Use a generous amount of cable pulling lubricant on the entire run, especially on the leader (pulling eye
& mesh). The person may stop the cable pull from time to time to prepare and apply more lubricant.
Use only a lubricant that is expressly designed for cable pulling.
Figure 6-27: Drop Fiber

 Do make every effort to pull cables from a conduit in as straight an angle as possible. Pulling at an
angle can cause damage to the cable.
 The leading end of the cable should be sealed to prevent intrusion of water or other foreign material
while pulling.
 The short term minimum bend radius, or dynamic bend radius, is the tightest recommended bend while
installing cable at the maximum rated tension. It is the larger of the two specified bend radii.
Throughout the pull, the minimum bend radius must be strictly followed. If a location exists in the
middle of a run where a relatively tight bend is unavoidable, the cable should be hand-fed around the
bend or a pulley can be used.
 The long term bend radius, or static bend radius, is the tightest recommended bend while the cable is
under a minimum tension. It is the smaller of the two specified bend radii. After the pull is complete, the
cable can be bent more tightly to fit into existing space, but not to exceed the long term minimum bend
radius.
Figure 6-28: Cable Pulling in Conduit
Figure 6-29: Cable Bend Radius

 Fiber Optic cables, like all communications cables, are sensitive to compressive or crushing loads.
Cable ties should be hand tightened to be snug but loose enough to be moved along the cable by
hand. Then the excess length of the tie should be cut off to prevent future tightening.
 All Fiber Optic cables should be marked at each end with identification numbers (FDH no. + Port no. +
Flat no.) That will indicate on documentation where the cables terminate. These labels would also help
in identifying the drop at the FDH.
 The Fiber Optic cables shall be fixed / supported at an interval of 1 meter.
 The following amount of loops shall be provided at cable ends.
• Mini-ODF / Rosette at customer premises - 0.5 meter to 1 meter.
• FDB (in Multicore Architectures) – 1.0 meter to 2.0 meters.
• FDH – 1.0 meter to 3.0 meters
 Pulling and fixing of drop fiber at customer end.
 The ONT location as identified in the Pre-Installation Survey shall be point till which the fiber drop is to
be pulled.
6.14.4 Indoor Drop Cable Installation through Existing Telephone Duct
 In case the route identified to lay the drop fiber is through the existing telephone duct;
 Identify the primary telephone socket outlet (3/4A or 4/4A) in the customer premises. It is to this
location that the drop fiber from the optical splitter for this customer will be routed.
 It will be necessary to either draw in the fiber from the nearest pull-box directly via a fish wire, or by
using an existing draw rope in the conduit system.
Figure 6-30: Drop Cable Pulling 1

 With the draw rope or with the fish wire, pull the drop fiber from the last pull box location to the socket
outlet. Ensure that the drop fiber is correctly attached to the draw rope or fish wire and that the drop
fiber is not stressed by applying more pulling force than the manufacturers recommendations.
Right click and open weblink browser, in order to view video presentation on ―How to tie pulling
wire/metallic pulling line to the yarn of 1F Corning drop cable‖
 If using a draw rope, pass the fiber through the weave of the rope at 1 meter intervals and secure with
tape. The picture on the left shows the method. This will help to reduce the stress on the fiber while
being pulled. If using a fish wire attach the fiber to the fish wire with tape at 1 meter intervals.
 The face plate of the socket or the back box (if fitted) should be ―notched / slotted‖ to allow the drop
fiber and the line cord connection cable (RJ-11) to exit/enter.
Figure 6-31: Drop Cable Pulling 2
Figure 6-32: Fixing Micro-ODF at Customer Premise

6.14.5 Termination of Cables
Etisalat will be using a Square Connector (SC) connector to terminate the drop fibers at the FDH end as
well as at the ONT end. A generic picture of a SC connector is shown Figure 6-33. SC connectors have a
square body, an alignment post, and a 2.5mm ferrule.
The connectors are field-installable and are of cleave and crimp type. These connectors have a pre-
polished fiber stub installed in the ferrule. These have been assembled at the factory, and have a quality of
polish superior to any that can be performed in the field. The jacket and buffer coating from the fiber shall
be removed to a distance as recommended by the manufacturer.
A cleaver is used to break-off the fiber to within two degrees of 90 degrees (perpendicular), at a specific
length. The pre-installed fiber stub in the connector has been cleaved at the factory.
The cleaved fiber end is inserted into the back of the connector until it contacts the fiber stub within. An
internal mechanical clamp is activated, which holds the two cleaved fiber ends together, and a crimping tool
is used to crimp the back of the connector to the fiber‘s jacket.
Before commencement of termination the installer has to ensure that all the parts of the connector as per
manufacturer‘s specification are available at site. It is especially important that all connectors be properly
cleaned and inspected because of the high power levels involved. . As single mode fibers have very small
cores, typically 9µm in diameter, a single particle of dust or smoke can block more than 10% of the
transmission area.
Figure 6-33: SC Connector

Never allow unmated connectors to touch any surface, and never touch a connector ferrule for any reason
other than cleaning. Use an appropriate cleaning method. A dry-air blower, cleaning kit, surface-cleaning
pad may be used. Pure alcohol, rated for cleaning fiber optic components and dust-free lint free pads or an
approved fiber optic use once cleaning cassette is the recommended method of cleaning.
Keep unused connector ports capped and keep unused caps in a clean re-sealable plastic bag.
The ferule of the SC connector comes in two variants. The ferule could be an Ultra Polished Connector
(UPC) or be an Angled Polish Connector (APC) type. The SC/UPC connector comes in blue color cover
while the SC/APC connector comes in green color cover. An SC/UPC connector or adapter should not be
connected with an SC/APC adaptor or connector.
Refer to topic 6.11.1 for detailed fast-field connector installation.
6.15 Drop Cable Termination in Micro ODF or Rosette
Inside the customer premises, the drop cable is then terminated in a micro ODF also known as Rosette.
Shown here is a square-type Rosette mounted on the wall.
Cable entry preparation
 Knock out or cut the side for the fiber drop cable entry
Micro ODF mounting
 Mark the location where the micro ODF to be installed or in indoor equipment cabinet back plate. Drill
and fix the base using accessory screws.
Figure 6-34: Rosette cable entry

Cable loop and connector installation
Insert the fiber drop cable. Provide cable loops with length 500mm. Cut the excess length and install
connector.
Connecting to adaptor
Wind the cable loop in the base‘s cable management and then connect to the SC/APC adaptor. Install the
faceplate.
Figure 6-35: Rosette mounting
Figure 6-36: Cable loop in Rosette

6.16 Indoor FDH Cabinet Installation & Drop Cable
Termination
Free standing type of FDH requires unirack modules, such as optical splitters, patch panel and pc drawers.
This type of FDH is necessary for buildings where tenancies are more. Detailed installation guide for
indoor FDH is provided in FTTH Development Manual/Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 16.
6.17 Testing of Fiber Drop Cable
Once the drop fiber is installed and terminated, the fiber should be tested. Most fiber optic connectors are
specified as having an insertion loss of less than 0.5dB. Since there are two connections for each fiber, up
to 1dB of attenuation can be expected to be added to the installed cable. As the drop fiber is comparatively
of shorter length, the cable attenuation becomes lower, but the connector insertion loss remains the same.
If the cable is installed properly, most of the measured attenuation will come from the connectors.
The terminated drop fiber shall be tested using an Optical Loss Test Set (OLTS). The loss of each of the
drop fiber shall be determined using two reference cables. A picture of the OLTS and reference cables are
shown in Figures 6-38 & 6-39.
Ensure that the connectors are cleaned each time they are used and the same reference cables are used.
The reference cables used shall be of the highest quality; factory terminated, single mode fiber G652.1 and
shall always be stored with the respective parts of the OLTS. The quality of the reference cables shall be
frequently tested. One end of the reference cable shall be terminated with the type of connector on the
meter while the other end shall be SC/APC connectors. The mating adaptor used shall also be of highest
quality and always stored in dust-free containers
Figure 6-37: Cable connected to SC/APC adaptor

The testing shall be carried out at 1550nm or 1625nm.
The launch reference cable is attached to the source, the receive reference cable to the meter, and then
the two cables are mated to set the reference. The value so obtained is the reference value against which
the insertion loss of the drop fiber will be measured.
The reference cables shall be connected to the drop cable as shown in the figure below.
Make sure the output power level from the source shall be greater than -30dBm. At least three readings
shall be taken from each side and averaged to find the loss of the drop fiber. The time interval between the
readings shall be greater than the averaging time of the power meter.
Figure 6-38: Testing Fiber Drops 1
Figure 6-39: Testing Fiber Drops 2

The test shall be started only after ensuring that the optical source output has stabilized after switching on
the source. This time is to be taken from the manufacturers recommendations.
As the drop fiber being tested is small in length, the loss measured would be mainly the losses introduced
by the two connectors. If the measured loss is greater than 1dB of the expected loss (2 X connector loss of
0.5dB each connector + cable loss @ of 0.5dB per km), the drop fiber shall be analyzed using an Optical
Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR). While testing the drop fiber using an OTDR ensure to test the drop
fiber using a launch and receive fiber of the length (approximately 200 meters) specified by the
manufacturer, to correctly analyze the connectors.
6.18 ONT Installation
The ONT and its associated accessories shall be installed at the location as identified during pre-
installation survey. The fiber into the ONT shall be managed using either of the following methods
depending on the site conditions.
 Using an Extended Micro-ODF.
 Using PVC trunking and Micro-ODF / Rosette.
6.18.1 ONT Installation with Extended Micro-ODF
As shown below is Huawei OT 550 ONT set-up using the extended micro ODF. Details for installing the
extended micro ODF are detailed below.
Figure 6-40: ONT Installed using Extended Micro ODF

 Remove the knock-outs on the top to align the Extended Micro-ODF with the output ports of the ONT.
All the knock-outs have to be removed for a Huawei OT550 all the knock-outs except the ones at the
farthest end have to be removed for a Zhone NID -2520.
 Install the SC/APC adapter in the holder. The connector guiding slots of the adapter should face up.
 Wall mounts the Extended Micro-ODF. Use the slits at the back of the unit to insert the screws.
 Guide the incoming fiber and the patch cord to the ONT is shown below.
Figure 6-41: Extended Micro ODF for Zhone NID2520
Figure 6-42: Extended Micro ODF Fiber Management

 A patch cord shall be used to connect the adaptor in the Rosette to the ONT. The patch cord shall be of
a length less than 1 meter and shall be managed in the trunking beside the Micro-ODF.
 The layout of the ONT and associated accessories shall be as follows.
• The location and orientation of the ONT and accessories with respect to the Micro-ODF /
Rosette may be varied slightly depending on the site condition.
• Depending on the surface, the ONT and trunking will be mounted using both wall plugs
and screws or dry wall fixings will be required.
• The ONT shall be installed along with a section of trunking mounted below the ONT and
having a length of 300mm. The trunking (100mm wide) is to be mounted directly below the
ONT.
6.18.2 ONT Installation with PVC Trunking
 The ONT shall be installed along with a section of trunking mounted below the ONT and having a
length of 300mm. The trunking (100mm wide) is to be mounted directly below the ONT.
 When using 100mm x 50mm trunking, the minimum length will be 300mm (Huawei). The Micro-ODF
will be mounted inside the trunking as shown in Figures 6-43 & 6-44. The trunking will be mounted
directly above the telephone socket outlet (3/4A or 4/4A) as shown. The trunking can be positioned with
the telephone socket to either end depending on site conditions.
 The trunking will have a section of its side wall removed to facilitate cable entry. The slot will be
centrally mounted below the power socket on the ONU and the fiber patch cord entry to the ONT.
 The ONT and the trunking should be installed as per the below layouts. The layout shall be used as a
guide to the installation process. Actual site conditions will dictate the final layout of the installation. If in
doubt consult your supervisor.

 When using the square Micro-ODF, the Micro-ODF will be mounted adjacent to the telephone socket
outlet (3/4A or 4/4A). It can be mounted to the right or left of right of the telephone socket depending on
site conditions connecting Service Outlets.
Figure 6-43: ONT Installation using PVC Trunking 1
Figure 6-44: ONT Installation using PVC Trunking 2

6.19 UTP Cable Installation
Follow the following guidelines while pulling UTP cables.
 Cable must be pulled from the reel or box without kinking
 Cable must be pulled with less than 25 lbs. of tension
 Use cable lubricant in conduit if necessary
 Cable must not be pulled around sharp corners or kinked
 Inspect the cable routes for surfaces that may abrade the cable
 On riser installations, try to lower the cable down, not pull up and secure carefully at recommended
intervals.
 Cables must be supported to prevent stress. Cable supports must not have sharp edges that may
damage the cable
 Cable ties must not be so tight as to distort the jacket of the cable. They are only used to prevent
unnecessary movement of the cable, so snug is tight enough.
6.20 UTP Cable Termination
6.20.1 CAT3 Cable for Telephone Connection
 The first Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) RJ-11socket shall be installed as close to the ONT as
possible.
 A CAT3 cable which comes with four pairs of twisted wires shall be used to connect the POTS port of
the ONT to the RJ-11 socket.
 The pin out details at the RJ-11 plug and socket are shown below.

 Pin numbers 3 and 4 of the RJ-11 socket shall be wired to pin numbers 2 and 3 of the RJ-11 plug
respectively.
.
 In case the customer has more than one telephone account in the same premise more than one RJ -11
socket shall be installed.
6.20.2 CAT6 Cable for High Speed Internet and IPTV Connection
 An RJ-45 socket shall be installed near to the, computer or wireless router to which the Internet access
is to be provided.
 CAT6 cable shall be used to connect the FE (RJ-45) port of the ONT to RJ-45 socket installed.
 CAT6 cables shall be run through the existing conduits inside the customer premises. In case of non-
availability of conduits or the existing conduits being full, separate PVC conduits / trunking shall be
installed for the same.
Figure 6-45: RJ-11 Plug Pin-out
Figure 6-46: RJ-11 Socket PIN

 Keep UTP cables away from potential sources of Electro Magnetic Interference or EMI (electrical
cables, transformers, light fixtures, etc.) as far as possible. Cables should maintain a 12-inch
separation from power cables.
 The total length of the CAT6 cable from the ONT port to the computer / router location shall not exceed
90 meters including any patch cords at each end.
 The pin out diagrams of the CAT6 cables, RJ-45 sockets and RJ-45 plug are as shown in Figure 6-48.
Looking at the RJ-45 plug with the clip facing away from you, brown is always on the right, and pin 1 is
on the left.
 Cables to be terminated according to EIA/TIA 568B standard
6.20.2.1 EIA/TIA 568B - Color Coding
6.20.2.2 Jack Pin-outs
Figure 6-47: 568B wiring standard
Figure 6-48: Jack Pin outs, 568B

6.20.2.3 RJ45 Plug Installation
 Slide the rubber connector boot onto the end of the cable. Next, strip and remove 50mm of cable
sheathing. Then, cut the plastic spine.
 Arrange the pairs into correct configuration for the 568B wiring standard.
 Using the crimp tool, trim the wires to the correct length of 13mm.
Figure 6-49: CAT6 cable outer sheath removed
Figure 6-50: CAT6 cable orientation
Figure 6-51: CAT6 cable trimming

 Ensure wires are in the correct order and untwisting of wires is minimized to prevent cross-talk and
reduced performance.
 Insert the wires carefully into the connector. Make sure the wire pattern is not disturbed. Ensure the
wires are fully inserted and the cable butt has been pushed beyond the strain relief bar.
 With the wires fully inserted into the connector, place the assembly into the crimp tool. Make sure the
connector is fully inserted into the crimp tool before crimping.
Figure 6-52: CAT6 cable trimmed to size
Figure 6-53: CAT6 cable inserted to connector
Figure 6-54: Crimping of connector

 After crimping, inspect the connector to ensure the cable sheath has been correctly inserted into the
connector body and the strain relief bar is pressing onto the cable sheath and not to the wires.
1. Sheath fully inserted into the connector
2. Strain relief bar pressing onto the wires
3. Sheating not inserted correctly and no strain relief to connector.
6.21 Testing of UTP Cable
The UTP cables laid to the telephone outlet, High Speed Internet outlet and eVision outlets shall be tested
using a wire map tester.
This test is to ensure that the two ends have been terminated pin for pin, i.e. that pin 1 at the patch panel
goes to pin 1 at the outlet, pin 2 goes to pin 2 etc. etc. The wire map also checks for continuity, shorts,
crossed pairs, reversed pairs and split pairs.
Miswire—One or more pins or pairs are not connected to the correct pins at the other end of the cable, i.e.,
one-to-one—pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, etc.
Figure 6-55: CAT6 cable after crimping
Figure 6-56: CAT6 termination sample

Split—a split pair is an error in the twisting of the wires together within the cable. The cables generally are
made up of eight wires twisted together in 4 pairs. These 4 pairs are designated as pairs by the wiring
standards and are intended to carry a signal and its return. 1 & 2, 3 & 6, 4 & 5 and 7 & 8 are the pairs
designated by T568A/B for a RJ45 jack or plug. A cable can be wired with correct continuity, but not with
correct pairing. This often happens when the cable is terminated consistently at both ends, but in the wrong
order. A dynamic or AC test is required to detect this type of error. If the only error is a split pair error, the
cable has correct continuity. If cross talk is not a concern, as in flat satin cable, the cable is good if the only
error is the split pair error.
Open—the pair is not connected.
Short—the pair has a low resistance connection between wire pairs or the shield. The wire pairs involved
displays on the LCD screen.
Reverse—a reverse (Rev) pair is a special case of a Miswire, and both icons will be flashing. The wires are
connected to the correct pair of pins, but the two leads are reversed.
Voltage—when voltage is detected on any of the pins, lightning bolt icons flash. Disconnect from the cable
as soon as possible.
Testing Procedure
After completing the installation, verification of the permanent link of the UTP network can be performed
using wire mapping.
A permanent link is the fixed part of the cabling which is tested after installation; these test results give
information on installation quality. The permanent link extends from the patch panel in the indoor
equipment cabinet to the telecom outlet at the user side.

 Using factory connectorized patch cord, connect the meter in the patch panel port and connect the
remote unit to telecom socket.
 Run the test and check results.
6.22 Completion of Work
After completion of the installation, including outlet fittings and devices, inspect exposed finish. Remove
burrs, dirt, dust, and construction debris and repair damaged finish, including chips, scratches, and
abrasions.
Restore patched surfaces as close to the original condition and finish as reasonably possible. Where
patching occurs in smooth painted surface, extend final paint coat over entire unbroken surface containing
patch.
On completion of work, the installers shall explain the work done to the customer. They shall also explain
the location and proposed use of the new outlets installed.
6.22.1 Reconciliation of Materials
The contractor shall return all unused materials to the Etisalat store. The materials shall be returned to
store via a Material Return Note (MRN) issued from Etisalat Project Office.
A reconciliation of the materials for the project shall be submitted by the contractor along with the site
diaries. The cost of any materials not returned if any will be deducted from the contractor.
Figure 6-57: Permanent Link

A wastage allowance as per the below table may be considered, while reconciling the listed materials.
SN Material Description
Percentage Wastage
allowance on As Built
quantity
Remark
1 FTTH Drop Fiber ( 1F and 2F) 5% Cable wastage allowance
includes wastage during
dressing/connection and the
unusable end piece in each
drum.
2 Multicore Fiber Riser cable 3%
3 UTP cables 5%
4
Fast-Field Connectors for Drop
and Multicore Riser
1%
5 PVC Trunking and Conduits 3%
The above are the maximum allowance which can be allowed to the contractor. However depending on
the site conditions and experience of the contractor, actual wastage may be less than allowed. All
contractors must be advised to limit wastage below the maximum permissible allowance and should
indicate that the wastage claimed by the contractor will be monitored and will be used in the future as a
measure of their Key Performance Indicator.
Contractor should submit material reconciliation report indicating the quantity drawn, actual use, wastage
and the cable returned to store.
Where the contractors are paid for the lump sum cost per drop basis, no additional instruction is needed.
However in certain cases where the contractors are paid per meter basis, the as-built length is to be used
for recording the quantity in site diary.
Wastage material may be returned to store as scrap and the usable length shall be returned as good for
future use.
All contractors must be encouraged to use the reel till it reaches the unusable length. Contractors returning
multiple used drums to the store must be avoided.
Usable length in Drum - Maximum usable length in the drum has been fixed as per Table below. All cable
beyond the usable length must be used by the contractor. Contractors should be discouraged from using
multiple drums at the same, leaving large quantity of drums with end pieces. Maximum utilization of the full
drum of cable must be encouraged.
Table 6 - 2

Usable length in Drum
SN Material Description
Usable length
in Drum
Remarks
1 FTTH Drop Fiber 50 meters
Below the usable length may be written OFF
by the store as per Accounting Manual.
Installers can utilize any length of cable to
their maximum usage.
2
Multicore Fiber Riser
cable
50 meters
3 UTP cables 10 meters
Cable Scrap
Cables will be scrapped under the following criteria;
SN Material Description Remarks
1 D‘ Side Cables All lengths less than or equal to 100 meters
2 Cable Internal Distribution All lengths less than or equal to 50 meters
3 Jumper Wire All lengths less than or equal to 5 meters
4 E‘ Side Cables All lengths less than or equal to 100 meters
5 PCM Cables(armoured /unarmoured) All lengths less than or equal to 100 meters
6 PCM Cables (aerial) All lengths (no future use)
7 Underground coaxial cables (all types) All lengths (no future use)
8 Fiber Optic Cables (all external types) All lengths less than or equal to 250 meters
9 Fiber Optic Cables (all internal types) All lengths less than or equal to 30 meters
10 Outdoor Drop Fiber Cables All cut lengths less than 100 meters
11 Indoor Drop Fiber Cables All cut lengths less than 50 meters
Table 6 - 3
Table 6 - 4

FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & installation Ch7 - 1
7.1 Cable Labeling
An important part of cable management, cable labels makes it easy to identify or trace a fiber cable or
patch cord all the way from its source to its destination.
All the infrastructure components especially cables need to be clearly and uniquely labeled. Both cable
ends need to be labeled using Ferule-type cable label or self-laminating prints.
7.2 Labeling Machine
Cable labels have a strong but releasable adhesive. They are printed using labels machine on a tough tear
and fade resistant material that can be written on with a ball point pen or pencil.
Figure 7-1: Labelling Machine
Figure 7-2: Sample of Fiber Cable Label
Figure 7-3: Sample of Patch Cord Label
Chapter 7 – Labeling

7.3 Labeling using Ferule Cable Marker
7.4 Patch Cord and Drop Cable Labeling Guide in Indoor FDH
7.4.1 Label legends
 SP1, SP2…SP4 refers to optical splitter module numbers
 ODF1, ODF2….ODF4 refers to patch panel modules where fibre drop or multicore cables are
connected
 P1, P2….P32 refers to splitter or patch panel ports
Figure 7-4: Sample of FO Cable Label
Figure 7-5: Sample of Ferule Cable Label

 MODF1, MODF2….MODF8 refers to mini ODF number where multicore cables are connected
 SHOP1, SHOP2…. MEZ1, MEZ2….F101, F102….F801 refers to the shop, mezzanine and flat
numbers of the building
7.4.2 Label size
 Label size 9mm
 Font size 5mm, black color and all capital
7.4.3 Patch cord labeling (splitter to patch panel-drop module)
- End 1 (Splitter side)
- End 2 (Patch panel side)
7.4.4 Multicore cable labeling
- FDH end (Patch panel side)

- Mini ODF end
7.4.5 Fiber drop cable labeling – in Patch panel & mini ODF

8.1 Residential/ Business Service Requirements
Residential Tenants – Services requirements:
 POTs
 HSI: Al Shamil
 IPTV: e-Vision
 eLife
Business Tenants – specific Services requirement:
 IP Connect [VPRN], X-Press Connect [VPN – VLL/VPLS], Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over
Ethernet.
 E-Centrex
 HSI: Business One & Business One Super
 E1/PRI, Leased Lines (TDM based over SDH/DON network)
 ISDN-BRI
 CO lines with/without SPM
 Payphones
The following categories have been identified based mainly on the type of services (residential / business
services) & BW requirements.
Category A: Residential and Small-Medium Business / SOHO
 Connected via 2:32 Splitter at FDH + 1:2 Splitter at CO. One GPON port on OLT
 Huawei: ONT OT550 / HG851 / HG851a / HG8240
 Huawei: ONT OT925 / OT928.
 Zhone: ONT zNID 2520
 ALU I-240 / 440
 IAD for additional POTS / CO lines and ISDN BRI.
Chapter 8 – Customer Services and Network
Selection

Category B: Large Business, Government Offices
 If IP-VPN services are not required: Connected via residential 2:32 Splitter at FDH + 1:2 Splitter at CO.
 In case IP-VPN services are required: Connected via 2:32 splitter at FDH.
 Huawei: ONT OT928 (IPVPN)
 Zhone: ONT zNID 2520/2424 (use ONT zNID 5114 or zNID 5120, if E1 based service required)
 ALU I-240/440 /B-8102-A / B-2404-P(IPVPN)
 IAD for additional POTS / CO lines and ISDN BRI.
Category A: Residential and SMB/SOHO Category B: Large Business, Govt.
Residential:
• POTs
• HSI – Al Shamil
• IPTV eVision
• eLife
Small/Medium Business (SMB)/SOHO:
• POTs
• HSI: Business-1 & Business-1 Super
• IPTV: eVision
• E1/PRI, TDM Leased Lines.
• CO lines with/without SPM,
• Payphones
• Extra POTs/CO
• ISDN-BRI
• POTs
• HSI: Business-1 & Business-1 Super
• IPTV: eVision
• E1/PRI, TDM Leased Lines.
• CO lines with/without SPM,
• Payphones
• Extra POTs/CO
• ISDN-BRI
• IP Connect [VPRN], X-Press Connect [VPN –
VLL/VPLS], Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over
Ethernet.
• e-Centrex
Table 8 - 1

 Residential tenants: via Huawei ONT OT550 / HG851, Zhone ONT zNID2520/2424 or ALI I240/440
over 1:2 + 2:32 splitters.
 Business tenants with Residential services: via Huawei ONT OT550 / HG851, Zhone ONT zNID 2520
or ALI I-240/440 over 1:2 + 2:32 splitters.
 If Business tenant wants E1 (PRI/LD), then via Huawei ONT OT925 / OT928 or Zhone ONT zNID
5114/5120 or ALU B-2404-P but still via 1:2 + 2:32 splitters. – In such case Residential services also
via same ONT (POTs via IAD for Huawei ONT OT 925).
 OLT PON port shared for all above services.
Figure 8-1: Category A / Residential

 If IP-VPN services are required along with residential services from beginning, then provide via
common ONT and dedicated splitters (2:32). In such case, install Huawei OT928 or Zhone ONT zNID
2520 or ALU B-2404-P as it supports POTs.
 If IP-VPN services are not required from beginning, then provide residential services via Huawei ONT
HG851 / OT928 or Zhone ONT zNID2520/2424 or ALI I-240/440 and 1:2 + 2:32 splitters. In such case,
Business tenants who need Business services (IP-VPN) at later stage: provide via separate Huawei
ONT OT925 / OT928 or Zhone ONT zNID 2520 or ALU B-2404-P via dedicated 2:32 splitter. If E1
based services are also required then Huawei ONT OT928 / OT925 or Zhone ONT zNID5114 /
zNID5120 or ALU B-2404-P must be used.
 In both cases above IP-VPN services are provided from dedicated 2:32 splitter, which is separate from
―residential‖ 2:32 splitter.
 IADs for extra POT‘s / CO / ISDN-BRI.
Figure 8-2: Category B / Large Business

 Multiple of the 2:32 splitters are deployed at FDH based on the number of Business tenants with
business services requirements.
8.2 Business Services
 VPN services via FTTH GPON: IP Connect [VPRN], X-Press Connect [VPN – VLL/VPLS], Ethernet
Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet:
 NTD- Network Termination Device, CPE: Customer Premises Equipment
 Backup supported via separate circuit and customer-end device making the switch-over (refer to
backup scenario).
8.2.1 Supported MTU values for Business Services
Maximum supported MTU and frame size per access element is defined by HW capabilities rather than
specific SW configuration.
Therefore, following table must be consulted to decide on which ONT/Access Media should be installed in
the customer premises that requires MTU size higher than 1500 bytes.
CHARACTERISTICS GPON SPECS
Bandwidth 64Kbps – 100Mbps
Number of VLANs 1 – 7
Distance 12.5 KM
Network Media Type Fiber
Transparent Transmission of Multicast Traffic Supported
Backup/High Availability Supported
Automation Supported
MTU value (Bytes) 1500
NTD/CPE Type
Huawei ONT OT925/OT928
Zhone ONT zNID2520/2424 or zNID5114/5120 or
ALU-B-8102-A /B-2404-P
(if E1 also required)
NTD/CPE Interface Type Electrical Only
Table 8 - 2

Vendor Element
Maximum Frame
Size (Bytes)
Maximum MTU
Value (Bytes)
Applicable
Services
Huawei
ONT OT-925 1536 1514
IP Connect
Xpress Connect
ONT OT-928G
HW Version 5.0
1632 1610
ONT OT-928G
HW Version 7.0
1632 1610
AE ETHB 2004 1982
Zhone
zNID-5114 1996 1974
zNID-5120 1996 1974
zNID-2520 1996 1974
Active Ethernet 2052 2030
Alcatel-Lucent
I-240G-A 1532 1510
I-240G-P 1996 1974
I-440GP 1996 1974
B-2404-P 1996 1974
B-8102-A 2000 1978
Active Ethernet 1980 1958
Notes: The above mentioned figures are subject to the following conditions:
- L2/L3 Aggregation nodes are configured to support higher MTU values.
-In case of L3 IPConnect customers who are running OSPF protocol, same MTU value has to be
communicate and configured in the PE router in order for OSPF to establish neighbor ship
successfully.
8.2.2 ProConnect
Etisalat planned to offer a new ProConnect service targeting Small Medium Business (SMB) customers.
This service is similar to IPConnect service, but tailored and limited to niche market that agrees to pay
lower price for suitable data services for their businesses. The maximum asymmetric bandwidth up to 2 MB
with no CoS is currently offering under this service. Refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of
Annexure / Annexure 10 for ProConnect Service details.
Table 8 - 3

8.2.3 Etisalat/Customer Data Center Connectivity
This section describes the applicable guidelines that should be followed when considering Data Centre
Connectivity.
In general, data centers are tend to host critical services which require robust and flexible solution that can
accommodate their requirements such as availability and resiliency.
Therefore, data center connectivity shall be considered in case by case basis and the following criteria
must be evaluated prior to decide on the best connectivity method:
Criteria 1: Owner of the data center.
Criteria 2: Power (AC/DC), Air condition and space availability for Etisalat Access/core Equipments.
Criteria 3: Fiber Availability and fiber route diversity between the nearest POPs and the targeted data
center.
Criteria 4: Number of requested/forecasted services and connections for this data center for the next 3
years.
Based on careful analysis of the above criteria, region shall adopt one of the following options to provide
connectivity to the targeted data center:
Option A: Data Center is collocated in Access POP:
Existing GPON OLT loaded with GPON and Active Ethernet boards shall be used to provide local
connectivity to the customer. All VPN services below 1Gig should be provided over active Ethernet boards
using optical interface.
Option B: Data Center located within the boundary of an Access POP & with more than 100 VPN services
Consider the Data Center as ‖POP‖ and install Dedicated GPON OLT loaded with Active Ethernet boards
to provide local VPN connectivity to the customer. Other voice service should be provided from the nearest
Access POP.
Option C: Data Center located within the boundary of an Access POP & with less than 100 VPN services
In case the Data Center requirement are low in terms of services and connections and hence this data
center can be considered as main branch/HO connection, existing FTTH/B Guidelines to be followed.
However, route diversity for the FDH shall be considered as mandatory.

8.2.4 Service Level Agreement (SLA)
Etisalat‘s service availability levels are already recognized as excellent. However, in last few years, with the
growth in the UAE economy and business, customers have been requesting higher service availability
commitments from Etisalat, similar to those offered globally. In order to meet the current market demands
Etisalat have devised 2 packages, known as Pro and Basic SLA package for existing as well as new
Enterprise and Small & Medium Business (SMB) customers only. After receiving approvals for both SLA
options from TRA, Etisalat will be rolling out the services commercially to our top customers and major
accounts.
The proposed Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a new option attached to three of our Data Services
(IPConnect-XpressConnect-IDA); by which customers receive a guarantee of service availability. The
services levels offered on each package will include different SLA levels for services offered on copper and
fiber optic media for the service access link, as backup or diversity will not be provided on the copper- side
of the network (MSAN cabinet to customer). If the guaranteed targets are not met, customers are entitled to
a rebate on their monthly bill. Customers receive a quarterly report (either hardcopy or online) with an
overview of their network performance. The SLA is offered as a package that customers need to
subscribe/upgrade to.
Before a customer is approached to subscribe for SLA package, checking from pre-qualified list of
customers is needed to verify customer‘s eligibility for SLA service. The pre-qualified list will have the name
of the customer, location and the access link details on which SLAs can be offered and supported by
engineering team within SLA timelines. Refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure /
Annexure 9 for SLA pre-qualification checklist.
Basic SLA
 Backup access is not required.
Figure 8-3: Basic SLA

Pro SLA
 Backup access is pre-requisite or mandatory and shall be of the same service type and speed/bandwidth.
 Route diversity shall be executed and ready for service provisions before customer can be approached to
subscribe for this service.
1. GPON AREA
 Requires OLT Diversity in the same Exchange.
 The two OLT‘s are served from same access L2 aggregation switches in the same Exchange.
 Each of the access links are to be provided from different OLT‘s from the same Exchange (POP
domain).
 From the OLT, the fiber cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and
 At the customer‘s office, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s
Figure 8-4: Pro SLA

2. MSAN AREA
 Each of the access links (main and diversity) are to be provided from different cards of the same
router at the same exchange.
 From the Exchange ODF, the cables leading to the MSAN cabinet where the customer is
connected from have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup link.
 Route diversity shall be limited from Exchange up to cabinet location.
ODFRouter
FO Main
FO Diversity
MSAN Cabinet
Copper
Exchange
Customer
Equipment
Figure 8-6: Pro SLA /MSAN Backup
Figure 8-5: Pro SLA /GPON Backup

8.2.4.1 Access Link Distance
Reference distance of customer from Exchange/POP location is shown below based on the type of
Network configuration.
Network
Configuration
From To
Access
Link
Type
Distance
Pro SLA
Redundancy
Remarks
Fiber/Copper-based
Network
POP Location/
Exchange
MSAN/
IPNGDLC
Cabinet
Fiber ≤30 km
Route diversity shall
be from Exchange up
to MSAN Cabinet
location only.
However, customer
shall be migrated to
GPON, if available.
MSAN/
IPNGDLC
Cabinet
Customer
Equipment
Copper ≤1.5 km
GPON (with 1:2
splitter at POP &
2:32 splitter at FDH)
POP Location/
Exchange
Customer
ONT
Fiber ≤12.5 km
GPON (bypassing
1:2 splitter at POP.
With 1:32 splitter at
FDH)
POP Location/
Exchange
Customer
ONT
Fiber ≤20 km
GPON (bypassing
1:2 splitter at POP.
With 1:8 splitter at
FDH)
POP Location/
Exchange
Customer
ONT
Fiber ≤35 km
Dark Fiber (GE)
POP Location/
Exchange
Customer Fiber ≤120 km
Dark Fiber (10GE)
POP Location/
Exchange
Dark Fiber (FE
10/100)
POP Location/
Exchange
Table 8 - 4

8.2.5 Business Services Network Selection and FTTH/B Considerations
FTTH/B deployment will vary based on IP-VPN service speed as explained in the chart below:
Table 8-5
Note: For IP-Connect, Xpress Connect and IDA services less than or equal to 100MB which are already
deployed on GPON, customer should have the option to migrate to point-to-point incase his service
requirements are not fulfilled by current implementation.
1. Maximum VLANs supported on one FE port of ONT: Seven with total throughput speed of
Business or Mobile backhaul services to be max 400Mbps.
2. Total throughput speed of 400 Mbps per ONT is applicable to all Business or mobile backhaul
capable ONTs except Huawei OT928 with HW version 5.0, which will be still limited to 100 Mbps
as maximum allowed total throughput per ONT.
3. Therefore, maximum 7 numbers of ‗X-Press Connect- Point to Point VLL‘ can be provided from one
Access port (i.e. one FE port) of ONT with total combined maximum speed of 100Mbps.
 In case where additional VLANs are required or if total combined speed exceeds
100Mbps, then service to be provided over dark fiber connected directly to PE router 7750
in central POP (or via AE cards of OLT if available).

4. In case where multiple VPN services (IP-Connect, IoE, X-Press Connect) are required from one
ONT – i.e. multiple Access ports (FE ports), above limitation of max 7 VLANs per port shall be still
applicable. Further, maximum combined bandwidth for all Business and Mobile Backhauling
services per business ONT should not exceed 400Mbps.
 Multiple (up to max 4) business circuits and/or 3G mobile backhaul circuits from single
business ONT are allowed, but should be in coordination with Customer Services and/or
Mobile Planning teams, so as not to put all major/critical sites and circuits in one ONT‟.
 In case where total combined speed exceeds 400Mbps, then additional service to be
provided over additional GPON ONT after considering aforementioned guidelines.
 Existing provisioned bandwidth in the respective PON port should be taken into
consideration while provisioning new fixed/ dedicated circuits (IP-VPN, Mobile backhaul).
Total bandwidth of fixed/ dedicated circuits (Business and Mobile Backhauling) in any PON port should not
exceed 1.1Gbps.
8.3 Diversity Provisioning Standard for Enterprise
Customers, VIP, Strategic Critical Sites and Others
8.3.1 Infrastructure Development and Charge Policy
The recommended infrastructure development and Charge policy for various customer categories are given
below.
A. Headquarters of Top 20 Customers in 9 Segments (180 sites) (SCENARIO-A)
The Head Quarters of Top-20 customers in 9 segments will be classified under Scenario-A, POP Level
Protection, which defined as follows:-
 Route Diversity from nearest OLT/POP if available in short distance.
 Route Diversity from same POP but different OLT, if above not available.
 Back-up cable size dependant on Bandwidth and tenancy forecast.
 Diverse lead-in duct is recommended. Customer has to provide lead-in.
 Utilize spare legacy Fiber cable for diverse path, if available and feasible.
 Junction cable should not to be used for back-up, not to mix junction and access traffic.

 If Customer‘s Data Centre is not in HQ site, customer shall decide the site to be covered under
POP diversity or under OLT diversity.
 Back-up EID should be mentioned in all IT Databases and records such as GIS(NE-
4/5)/PMS/R&R/CBCM/WFM
B. Top 20 Customers, 9 Segments, 3 Major Sites (540 Sites) (SCENARIO-B)
Three major sites of the top-20 customers are classified under Scenario-B, i.e. OLT level redundancy,
which is defined as follows:-
 OLT level protection
 Route diversity is mandatory. Provide diverse fiber from different OLT in the same POP. If this is
not available, provide from a different card in same OLT as temporary solution.
 Back-up cable size dependant on Bandwidth and tenancy forecast.
 For customers served from FDH (I), same EID can be used. Backup splitter should be labeled and
the records should be maintained and automated in the ISO system.
 Diverse lead-in duct is recommended. Customer has to provide lead-in. Service Delivery Section
to communicate this with the customer.
For Scenario A and B, any customer served by FDH(O) in a ring topology, FDH (W) to be proposed to
have a full diversity on development basis (civil and cable), and back-up EID should be mentioned in all
IT Databases/ records such as GIS(NE5)/PMS/R&R/WFM. (Main and back-up routes to be terminated
on same FDH (W) if ring is available)
Policy for Developed area: to be done free of cost – civil, cable, drop cable, splitter and ONT.
Policy for Undeveloped Area: Undeveloped area is defined as an isolated area where a
dedicated fixed-network is provided for single customer only. For such cases, diversity shall be
provided using wireless as temporary or permanent solution, based on the following criteria.
a. Temporary solution: If the area is included for development in the current or next year,
as per Master Plan.
b. Permanent solution: If there is no proposal for development of the area in the current
or next year, as per Master Plan.
Fiber diversity can be provided for such cases if the customer is willing to pay the costs on re-charge
basis.
Note: AND-HO to be contacted for additional Bandwidth requirement due to back-up deployment.
C. Rest of Enterprise Customers (SCENARIO-C)
Enterprise customers who do not fall under the above 2 categories are classified under scenario-C,
which is defined as:
 OLT card level redundancy, i.e. diverse route from different card in the same OLT.
 Route diversity is mandatory.

For customers served by FDH(O) in a ring topology, FDH (W) to be proposed to have a full diversity on
development basis (civil and cable), and back-up EID should be mentioned in all it (Database) records
such as GIS(NE5/PMS/R&R/WFM). For customers served from FDH(I), same EID can be used.
Backup splitter should be labeled and the records should be maintained by ISO section.
D. Other Business Sites SMB (SMALL & MEDIUM BUSINESS)
Provisioning of diversity will be on case by case, based on customer request. Refer to regional GM for
approval. The infrastructure, if not available will be qualified on demand, on recharge basis.
E. VIP Customers
VIP customers in each region to be identified by Regional Sales team and to be communicated to Core
section and RND for providing Type B-Protection, where diversity is provided up to the first splitter
level (i.e. FDH). Type-B protection is under trial, and not yet deployed. The features of Type-B
protection are:
 Diverse fiber from different card in same OLT. Second card as hot stand-by.
 Main and Diverse fibers are terminated on the same splitter in FDH.
 Route diversity up to FDH.
 Cascading of splitters is not possible: protection only upto first splitter.
Type-B protection should be provided to VIP customers on demand or upon migration from Legacy to
GPON, free of cost. If diversity (ring/star) is not available, regional management to take appropriate
decision.
F. PRO-SLA Customers (Any ES & SMB customer)
For Pro-SLA customers, Scenario-B redundancy (OLT Level) shall be provided on development basis.
Service shall be offered to customers only if fiber infrastructure for diversity is available or after pre-
qualification.
G. Strategic Critical Sites (SCS)
The following sites are defined as Strategic Critical Sites (SCS). All these sites has to be provided with
Scenario-A protection. SMB, ES and Regional Sales Team shall identify the strategic critical site
locations. (Location identification should be done prior to Master Plan preparation):-
a) Critical Etisalat sites such as Contact centre, Data centers, NOC, Earth stations, TAS,
Regional HQ‘s and Head office buildings.
b) Local Government buildings such as Dewan, Ministry of Foreign affairs, Ministry of
Presidential affairs and other ministries, Embassies, Airports, Seaports, Govt. Hospitals,
TV and Radio Stations etc, which are not under Top-20 list.

Conclusion and Recommendations
Considering the present practices and feedbacks from the Engineering and Marketing teams, the
committee has defined three types of redundancy scenarios for implementation, such as:
 SCENARIO A : POP level redundancy
 SCENARIO B : OLT level redundancy
 SCENARIO C : OLT card level redundancy
The following action plan is recommended prior to implementing the diversity:-
1. Identify the Top-20 customers in CBCM and other IT records/Databases for main and back-up. Identify
their geographical location and account details
2. For Top 20 customers identified for Scenario-A, the implementation of back-up route to be started in
2012 under C-item budget, subject to budget availability, and Marketing budget can be utilized if
needed.
3. Remaining back-up proposals (for A, B and C) to be introduced in 2013 master plan preparation. The
customer location to be identified by Business Solutions Section and the implementation should be
under C-item budget. (Location identification shall be prior to year 2013/2014 Master Plan preparation)
4. Year-wise back-up provisioning implementation plan for above 3 categories to be identified by BS and
RND sections.
5. For other Enterprise Customers requesting higher back-up (above their category entitlement) will be on
recharge basis, based on marketing section advice.
6. Cost analysis for all cases shall be prepared by the regions.
7. List of accurate Strategic Critical sites (SCS) to be obtained and provided to the regions by CSE-HO.
8. Customer Lead/in diversity to be confirmed by the respective Service Delivery team prior to
infrastructure deployment, as the same might be hard to implement in certain locations and buildings at
later stages.
9. Wireless solutions can be enhanced to cater for higher speed in order to have multiple options
considering customer demand. Satellite and Radio Section shall introduce solutions that provide
higher bandwidth.
10. Back up for VIP to be done on demand.

11. The existing Back-up/Diversity fiber cable on legacy network shall be utilized for GPON migration.
12. The task team has identified various strategies and standards for providing the diversity and back-up
protection for important and critical sites. The time frame to implement diverse route to be defined. The
recommendation is:
 If only cable work is required : 2 months
 If civil and cable work required : 3 months
13. Further, it is recommended that Regions with the assistance from Marketing shall compile the cost
requirement for implementing the proposed protection plan during the year 2012, 2013 and 2014.
14. All exceptional cases, which are not mentioned above shall be addressed to GM/Region or SVP/BS for
final decision.
8.4 Service Profiles
8.4.1 VLAN Configuration
The smart VLAN configuration is pre-requisite from the data security and integrity in order to prevent intra-
VLAN communication. The following is the example of the required configuration of VLAN for deferent
services:
VLAN Type Description
PPPoE H S I Smart/Asymmetric VLAN = HSI_PPPoE
VOIP-POTS Smart/Asymmetric VLAN = VOIP_POTS
VOIP-SIP Smart/Asymmetric VLAN = VOIP_SIP
IPTV Smart/Asymmetric VLAN = IPTV
Management MUX VLAN = Management
IP-VPN Smart/TLS VLAN = IPVPN (QinQ)
8.4.2 IP-VPN VLAN Assignment (applicable to GPON ONT and AE based customers)
 VLAN IDs for IP-VPN services are assigned by Etisalat teams and the customer must use the assigned
VLAN ID for the provisioned circuits.
 If the customer insists to use VLAN ID which is not in the assigned range or which is in conflict with
VLAN ID assigned to another customer, then the core team to be approached to provide the service
over dark fiber connected directly to PE router 7750 in central POP.
Table 8 - 6

8.5 Automation of Services
8.5.1 Huawei GPON
TL1 interface is being used for Automation of services and the following scenarios should be considered for
the automation of multiple play services over the FTTH/B:
 One ONT per tenant: the same ONT can be used in case of multiple tenants residing in the same
premise. Multiple IPTV services for same or different tenants residing in the same premises shall also
be provided from same ONT, subject to availability of FE ports.
 ONTs (OT550/HG851) for Residential services (POTs, HIS & IPTV): Automated.
 ONTs OT-925/OT928 for Business services and Residential services: Not automated.
 IAD behind the ONTs for POTS/CO/ISDN-BRI: Not automated.
 MDU MA5620G: Automated.
 Point to Point AE is not automated.
8.5.2 Zhone GPON
 XML interface is being used for Automation of services.
 One ONT per tenant: the same ONT can be used in case of multiple tenants residing in the same
premise. Multiple IPTV services for same or different tenants residing in the same premises shall also
be provided from same ONT, subject to availability of FE ports.
 ONT zNID2520/2424: For Residential services: Automated.
 ONT zNID5114/5120: For Business services: Not automated.
 IAD behind the ONTs for POTS/CO/ISDN-BRI: Not yet automated.
 AE is not automated.
8.5.3 ALU GPON: Not automated (under development)

8.6 Specific Characteristics and Constraints
8.6.1 Reach limitations
 As per the fiber guidelines maximum distance between the ONT and OLT is 12.5 KM with 1:64 split
ratio. This is in line with PON max loss budget of 28dB.
8.6.2 2G/3G Network Connection over FTTH/B
Huawei GPON:
 Pseudo Wire Emulation PWE3 is not supported yet on the Huawei GPON ONT; therefore, E1 traffic
from 2G will be carried as native TDM – i.e. over SDH network from OLT towards BSC.
 E1/STM-1 interfaces are required on Transport Network at OLT POP for backhaul of 2G links from OLT
towards BSC.
 E1/STM-1 card consumes GPON port slots in OLT.
Zhone GPON:
 No E1 interfaces are required on Transport Network at OLT POP. However E1 concentrator is required
at BSC site for backhaul of 2G links.
 No dedicated E1 card in OLT.
ALU GPON:
 ALU supports MEF PWE3 encapsulation method, which is not compatible with Huawei and Zhone, as
they support UDP.
 Therefore, at present there is no E1 solution available from ALU. (Under investigation).
8.7 Point to Point (P-P) Connectivity
 It is point to poin000t fiber-pair connection between OLT Active Ethernet port and customer side device
(router or switch) OR mobile CSG (Cell Site Gateway) device.
 Fiber and OLT HW protection is supported.
 Protection via redundant fiber pair.
 1GE (10Km) optical interface (media convertor required if customer side interface is
electrical)
8.8 Clarifications
1) From GPF (2009, 2010), it is noted that more than 90% of such IPVPN/IoE circuits required are of BW
<= 10Mbps. Therefore, it is recommended to standardize on 2: 32 splitters. However, where high BW
circuits are to be provisioned (up to 100Mbps), existing PON port BW allocation must be checked so as

to avoid over allocation. Total combined BW of all circuits allocated on one 2:32 ―Business‖ splitter
must never exceed 1.25Gbps.
2) ONT selection:
 Huawei ONT HG851/851a and OT928 are preferred as these have extra ports; ONT OT550 and
OT925 are being phased out after consumption of existing stocks.
 Zhone ONT zNID2520/2424 is preferred over ONT zNID5114 or zNID5120 for Residential as well
as Business services. zNID5114 / 5120 to be used for Business if E1 are also required.
3) Ownership and custody of ONT:
 ONTs are part of FTTH GPON network and are property of Etisalat.
 ONTs are not to be transferred / shifted by the tenant while shifting premises.
 Matter has been taken up with Marketing to ensure implantation and awareness as above.
4) Major corporate/government/VIP customers:
Based on the business case (high number of VPN services/ONT units are required by the same
customer), it is allowed to dedicate one PON port on OLT via 2:32 splitter for one customer as per
Region‘s discretion.

9.1 Outsource Activities
9.1.1 Contract 44H/2011
This contract is for Survey, Design /Planning, Supply and Installation of Outside Plant Cable Network
Development and Maintenance of Existing Network in Various Etisalat Regions. Details and Scope of Work
of this contract is provided is FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 13.
The following contractors are working under this contract.
SN Contractor’s Name AUH DXB NE
1 ECS Global Wire & Cable   
2 Special German Electro-Mechanical, L.L.C. 
3 CCS Comservice FZ-LLC 
4 Metro Electromechanical L. L. C.  
5 Tamdeed Projects L.L.C.   
6 Myson Telecom Systems  
7 EMCC Co. L.L.C.   
8 NETS International Communication L.L.C.  
9 Build Max Contracting L. L. C. 
10 Intelligent Telecommunication System 
11 Telnet Communication Technology L.L.C. 
9.1.2 Contract 180H/2010
Provision and Maintenance of Video (IPTV), Data (HIS, IPVPN, PRI etc) and Voice Services through Fiber
to the Home, Copper and Broadband Wireless Network in UAE. Details and Scope of Works are provided
in FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 14.
SN Contractor’s Name AUH DXB NE
1 CCS Comservice FZ LLC 
3
Telephony Telecommunication and Electronics
Tech LLC
 
Chapter 9 – Outsourcing Activities and Other
Working Instructions
Table 9 - 1

4 XAD Technologies LLC   
5 Metro Contracting Est. 
6 Al Hadeer Contracting LLC  
7 German Gulf 
8 Gulf Energy Electro-Mechanical Works LLC 
9 Thermo LLC 
10 Vision Tech Systems LLC 
11
Sky Log International Communications Network
LLC  
12 Shahid Electrical LLC 
13 Al Rostamani   
14 Tamdeed   
15 NAT Technical Works LLC
 

16 Catalyst System and Solution LLc
 

9.1.3 Contract 24H/2011
Survey, Design/Planning Construction and Maintenance of Outside Plant Including Supply of Civil Materials
on Turnkey Basis. Details and Scope of Works are provided in FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of
Annexure / Annexure 15.
SN Contractor’s Name AUH AAN WR DXB EC RAK WC
1 M/s CCS    - - - -
2 M/s Knetco   - - - - 
3 M/s Utmost - -   -  -
4 M/s Bin Saifan - - -   - 
5 M/s Al Nasr - - -   - -
6 M/s Jog Union - - - - -  -
7 M/s Tamdeed       
Table 9 - 2
Table 9 - 3

10.1 Safety Precautions when Working on Fiber Optic Cables
 All personnel must wear the usual construction safety gear plus everyone must wear eye protection
whenever working with optical fiber.
 Extreme care is to be taken whenever handling fibers, especially when stripping fiber or scribing and
breaking fiber extending out of an adhesive connector. Instead of breaking it, scribe it gently, and then
slide your fingers up the connector ferrule, grasping the fiber and pulling it off. Then dispose of it
carefully.
 Most cleavers used for splicing or terminating pre-polished/splice connectors hold the fiber after
cleaving, so the only problem is disposing of it. We recommend using disposable containers like those
used for soups at carry-out restaurants. Use it for all your fiber scraps and then seal it and dispose of it
properly.
 Use a black plastic mat for a work surface. The dark background will make it easier to see the fibers
you are working with and handle them more carefully. Any broken fibers that fall on the mat are easily
found for disposal.
 Place a length of double stick tape or a loop of black electrical tape on the mat or stick fibers to the
adhesive surface, then dispose of the tape when finished. Or simply use a disposable container and
place every fiber scrap into that container rather than leave them exposed on the work surface.
 Fiber optic splicing and termination may use various chemical cleaners and adhesives as part of the
processes. Normal handling procedures for these substances should be observed. Even simple
isopropyl alcohol, used as a cleaner, is flammable and if in contact with the skin will degrease it and
should be handled carefully.
 Smoking is not allowed around fiber optic work. The ashes from smoking contribute to the dirt problems
with fibers, in addition to the possible presence of combustible substances.
 Keep all food and beverages out of the work area. If fiber particles are ingested they can cause internal
hemorrhaging.
 Wear disposable aprons to minimize fiber particles on your clothing. Fiber particles on your clothing
can later get into food, drinks, and/or be ingested by other means.
 Always wear safety glasses with side shields and protective gloves. Treat fiber optic splinters the same
as you would treat glass splinters.
Chapter 10 – Safety

 Never look directly into the end of fiber cables until you are positive that there is no light source at the
other end. Use a fiber optic power meter to make certain the fiber is dark. When using an optical tracer
or continuity checker, look at the fiber from an angle at least 6 inches away from your eye to determine
if the visible light is present.
 Only work in well ventilated areas. Contact lens wearers must not handle their lenses until they have
thoroughly washed their hands.
 Do not touch your eyes while working with fiber optic systems until your hands have been thoroughly
washed. Thoroughly clean your work area when you are done. Government Regulation
 The contractor and his staff shall ensure to adhere to applicable Statutory Regulations and advisories
issued by the Government and Municipalities from time to time.
10.1.1 Health & Safety
What are the Hazards?
We should always try to work, as safely as possible, but due to the nature of installation work there will
always be hazards to be considered.
We should always follow work instructions and procedures but there will always be a possibility of injury
and care should always be exercised.
Typical bodily risks in the workplace can include:
Head and feet (Falling Materials)
Eyes (Flying particles typically caused by drilling and cutting operations)
Lungs (Breathing contaminated air)
Skin (Contact with corrosive materials, Sharp objects, Electrical energy)
Body (Tripping, Falling from heights)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is needed in these cases to reduce the risk of injury.
It is very important that the PPE is suitable for the hazards being faced. As an example there are many
kinds of safety eye ware and hand protection (goggles & gloves) you must ensure that the particular kind of
protection you have will provide suitable protection for the activity you have to perform.

Full details of health and safety requirements for onsite working can be found in the Emirates
Telecommunications Corporation Safety Manual. This manual is available on the Etisalat intranet and the
address can be found at the end of this section. If working on commercial premises it is important that the
installation staff familiarize themselves with any local Health & Safety requirements before any installation
work begins.
Responsibility
The Engineer/supervisor of each section shall be responsible to assure adequacy and use of protective
equipment applicable to their operations, including proper maintenance, and sanitation of such equipment
(Quote taken from Emirates Telecommunications Corporation Safety Manual Section 3 General Safety,
Chapter 26.0 Personal Protective Equipment)
If you have any questions relating to Health & Safety or are unsure as to what safety equipment should be
used in a particular situation then you can contact:
HS&E Abu Dhabi 02- 6184154.
A copy of the Emirates Telecommunication Corporation Health & Safety Manual can be found at the
following address on the Etisalat Intranet
Intranet www2.etisalat.corp.ae/Corporate/Items/DisplayItem.aspx?itemId=225&subTitleId=177
Figure 10-1: Safety Gear

A
ABR Available Bit Rate
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AF Adaptation Function
Alloc-ID Allocation identifier
AN Access Node
ANI Access Node Interface
APD Avalanche Photodiode
APON ATM over Passive Optical Network
APS Automatic Protection Switching
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AVC Attribute Value Change
B
BCH Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengham
BER Bit Error Rate
BIP Bit Interval Parity
B-ISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital network
B-PON Broadband-Passive Optical Network
BRI Basic Rate Interface
C
CID Consecutive Identical Digit
Chapter 11 – Glossary

CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
D
DFB Distributed Feedback Laser
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
E
ECB Electronic Code Book
E/O Electrical/Optical
F
FEC Forward Error Correction
FP-LD Fabry-Perot Laser Diode
FTTB/C Fiber To the Building/Curb
FTTHCab Fiber To the Cabinet
FTTH Fiber To the Home
G
GPON Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network
H
HEC Header Error Control
I
ICE International Electro technical Commission
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

L
LAN Local Area Network
LCD Loss of cell Delineation
LSB Least Significant Bit
LT Line Terminal
M
MAC Media Access Control
MDU Multi- Dwelling Unit
MLM Multi- Longitudinal Mode
MPN Mode Partition Noise
MSB Most Significant Bit
N
NRZ Non Return to Zero
NT Network Termination
O
O/E Optical/Electrical
OAM Operation, Administration & Maintenance
OAN Optical Access Network
ODF Optical Distribution Frame
ODN Optical Distribution Network
OLT Optical Line Termination
OMCC ONT Management & Control Channel
OMCI ONT Management & Control Interface

ONT Optical Network Termination
ONU Optical Network Unit
OPS Operations System
ORL Optical Return Loss
P
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PIN Photodiode without Internal avalanche
PON Passive Optical Network
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PRI Primary Rate Interface
PRBS Pseudo-random Bit Sequence
PST PON Section Trace
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
Q
QoS Quality of Service
R
RAU Request Access Unit
RMS Root Mean Square
RXCF Receiver Control Field
S
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SNI Service Node Interface
SOA Semiconductor Optical Amplifier.

T
TC Transmission Convergence
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
U
UI Unit Interval
UNI User Network Interface
UPC Usage Parameter Control
W
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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