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2. 2 KH?J@:GB? Review ......................................... 3 KDSWHUh[jh ih`ZehZlv :kljZebx ...... 5 KDSWHURdhevgZy `bagv ................... 19 KDSWHUJZaghh[jZab_ dmevlmj ............. 42 KDSWHUHebfibckdb_ b]ju ................. 56 KDSWHUbdZy ijbjh^Z :kljZebb .......... 74 KDSWHUFmaudZ bbkdmkklh ............... 86 KDSWHUHiul jZ[hlu ..................... 104 JZ[hqZy l_ljZ^v ............................ 121 Chapter 1 .................................. 121 JZ[hqZy l_ljZ^v ............................ 155 Chapter 2 .................................. 155 Chapter 3 .................................. 178 Chapter 4 .................................. 197 !Z[hqZy l_ljZ^v ............................ 206 Chapter 5 .................................. 206 Chapter 6 .................................. 221 Chapter 7 .................................. 238

3. 3 REVIEW klmibl_evgh_kehh Y jZîj_^klZblvZf+DSS (QJOLVKWlhl mq_[gbd ihagZdh- fblZkkhfgh]bfbZki_dlZfb`bagb :kljZebbbklhjb_c]_h- ]jZnb_cdmevlmjhcyaudhfnehjhcb nZmghc :kljZebckdh_Ihkhevklhl_kghjZ[hlZehk ZlhjZfbgZîh^- ]hlhdhc wlh]h mq_[gbdZ b y fh]m Zk aZ_jblv qlh u g_ lhevdh memqrbl_kh_agZgb_Zg]ebckdh]hyaudZghb lZd`_kfh`_l_mb- ^_lv:kljZebxbagmljb Y gZ^_xkvqlhZfihgjZblkyaZgbfZlvkyihwlhfmmq_[gbdmb magZZlvh[:kljZebb@_eZxZfmki_oh mq_[_ `J;_gleb :kljZebckdbcihkhe IhagZdhfvl_kvk i_jkhgZ`Zfb Wlh ² ]eZgu_ ]_jhb k dhlhjufb u klj_lbl_kv Happy English-3. Hev]ZDjuehZq_lujgZ^pZlve_lOh^bl kj_^gxxrdhem Fhkd_JhkkbyWlhih_a^dZ :kljZebx²__ i_jZyih_a^dZaZ ]jZgbpmHev]_gjZblkybamqZlvyaudb KZrZDjuehr_klgZ^pZlve_loh^bl kj_^gxxrdhem Fh- kd_ Jhkkby u _jhylgh ihfgbl_ dZd klj_qZebkv k KZr_c +DSS(QJOLVKb +DSS(QJOLVKdh]^Zhgihk_sZe_ebdh[jblZ- gbxb Kh_^bg_ggu_RlZlu:f_jbdbKZrZex[bliml_r_klhZlv Hev]Z²_]hk_kljZ Lhf Jhm r_klgZ^pZlv e_l oh^bl kj_^gxx rdhem Kb^g__ :kljZebyLhfgbdh]^Zg_[ueaZ]jZgbp_cGhm g_]hfgh]h^jma_c bajZaguokljZgHggZ^__lkyqlhkdhjhih_^_laZ]jZgbpmHev]Zb KZrZ[m^ml`blvk Lhfhfb _]hk_fv_cihdZhgb[m^ml Kb^g__ AZq_fmqblvZg]ebckdbcyaud :g]ebckdbc _jhylgh kZfuc rbjhdh jZkijhkljZg_gguc yaud gZA_fe_Ex^bihk_fmfbjm]hhjylgZZg]ebckdhfHgbg_k_ bkihevamxl_]hdZdbohkghghcyaud g_dhlhjuokljZgZolZdbo dZd Gb]_jby b Bg^by kms_klm_l fgh]h jZaebqguo yaudh b ihwlhfm wlbokljZgZoZg]ebckdbcyaudbkihevam_lkydZd ©hnbpbZev- gucªbeb©lhjhcªyaudêyijZbl_evklZ[bag_kZb h[jZahZgby Hij_^_e_ggu_ ©f_`^mgZjh^gu_ª ijhn_kkbb lZdb_ dZd ibehl ZbZebgbc b ZbZ^bki_lq_j lj_[mxl agZgby Zg]ebckdh]h yaudZ :g]ebckdbclZd`_jZ[hqbcyauddhfivxl_jh?kebuagZ_l_Zg]- ebckdbcyaudufh`_l_h[sZlvkyk ex^vfbkhk_]hfbjZihkj_^- klhfdhfivxl_jZ

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5. Kdhevdhq_eh_d fbj_]hhjylgZZg]ebckdhfyaud_ About 1300 000 000 (one fourth of the world’s population) speak (QJOLVK Hdheh q_l_jlb gZk_e_gby A_feb ]hhjyl gZ Zg]ebckdhf yaud_

6. GZahbg_dhlhju_bakljZg dhlhjuoex^bbkihevamxlZg]- ebckdbcyauddZdh^bgbahnbpbZevguoyaudh^eyijZbl_evklZ [bag_kZb h[jZahZgby Nigeria, India, Mauritius, Pakistan, Seychelles, Saint Lucia, Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, Malta,

7. Kdhevdhj_f_gblum`_bamqZ_rvZg]ebckdbcyaud I have been learning English for 5(6,7,8,9, 10) years.

8. L_[_gjZblkymqblvZg]ebckdbcyaudIhq_fmIhq_fmg_l Yes, I do. I like to learn English because I can communicate with people from other FRXQWULHVZ. fg_gjZblkymqblvZg]ebckdbcyaud ihlhfmqlhy fh]mh[sZlvkyk ex^vfbba^jm]bokljZg

9. DZdlubkihevam_rvkh_agZgb_Zg]ebckdh]hyaudZ I communicate with my pen friends in English. I try to read books by American and English writers in the original. Y h[sZxkv kh khbfb ^jmavyfb ih i_j_ibkd_ gZ Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ Y iulZxkv qblZlv dgb]bZf_jbdZgkdbob Zg]ebckdboibkZl_e_c hjb]bgZe_

10. AgZ_rvebludZdb_gb[m^v_s_bghkljZggu_yaudb No, I don’t. H l_[_ Ihq_fmlubamqZ_rvZg]ebckdbcyaudIhklZvdj_klbdgZ- ihjlbij_^eh`_gbcdhlhju_emqr_k_]hh[tykgyxllhbfhlbu Y ohqmqblZlvdgb]b`mjgZeub ]Za_lugZZg]ebckdhfyaud_

11. 5 Wlhij_^f_l fh_fmq_[ghfieZg_ Wlhihfh`_lfg_gZclbohjhrmxjZ[hlm Y ohqmiml_r_klhZlvaZ]jZgbpm Y ohqmmqblvkyaZ]jZgbp_c Fg_qZklhijboh^blkyjZa]hZjbZlvk bghkljZgpZfb Y [uohl_ekfhlj_lvnbevfub l_e_i_j_^ZqbgZZg]ebckdhfyaud_ Fh`_rv eb lu gZaZlv _s_ g_kdhevdh ijbqbg ih dhlh- jufklhblbamqZlvZg]ebckdbcyaudIh`ZemcklZh[km^bkhb b^_bb ijbqbguk h^ghdeZkkgbdZfb I want to live abroad. I’d like to associate with people from other countries to learn more of their ways and culture. 5. DZdhc ba wlbo gZudh yey_dlky ^ey l_[y kZfuf Z`- guf Ihq_fm IhklZv hlf_ldb hl kZfuc Z`guc

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16. DZdhc]hjh^ihk_sZxlKZrZb Hev]Z They are visiting Sydney.

17. DZdhc[ueZboih_a^dZ Their yrip was very long.

18. Kdhevdhhgbm`_ijhe_l_ebdh]^ZmagZebqlhhgbijhe_l_eb lhevdhiheimlb^h:kljZebb They had been flying for 12 hours when they learned that theywere only half way to Australia.

19. ;uZeebKZrZ _ebdh[jblZgbbDh]^ZhglZf[ue Yes, he has. He was there three years ago.

20. ;uZeZebHev]ZaZ]jZgbp_c No, she hasn’t.

21. Kdhevdhj_f_gbHev]ZbamqZ_lZg]ebckdbcyaud She has been studying English two and half years.

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23. 8 I will have been studying English for 45 years by the end of this year.

24. :kljZebckdbc Zg]ebckdbc kbevgh hlebqZ_lky hl Zf_jbdZg- kdh]hb [jblZgkdh]hZjbZglh No, it is not very different from American and British English.

25. DlhlZdb_Z[hjb]_gu Aborigines are the Australian natives. They had been living in Australia for thousands of years before the first Europeans came.

26. DZdb_ZkljZebckdb_]hjh^Zihk_lylKZrZb Hev]Z They will be visiting Canberra and Melbourne.

27. K d_f[m^ml`blvKZrZb Hev]Zhj_fyij_[uZgby Kb^g__ They will be staying with Tom and his family. I_ju_i_qZle_gby

28. Qlhijhba_ehi_qZle_gb_gZKZrmb Hev]m Kb^g__ Olga was impressed by the politeness and helpfulness of people. She was also impressed by the number of different plant and birds that live right in the city. Sasha was impressed by the fact that drivers stop to let pedestrians cross.

29. eydh]hhklZgZebZxlkyh^bl_eb The drivers stop for pedestrians to cross.

30. eyZlh[mkhb lZdkbu^_e_gZki_pbZevgZyebgbyAZq_f Yes, they are. Buses and taxis are given a special line, so that people who use public transport rarely wait in traffic.

31. Ihq_fmhk_fKb^g__kZ`Zxl^_j_vy Trees are being planted because Australians are trying to protect their nature.

32. Q_fhdjm`_gKb^g_c Sydney is surrounded by national parks.

33. =^_jh^bebkv^Z^pZlviylvijhp_glhZkljZebcp_ Twenty-five per cent of Australians were born overseas.

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72. 11 k_]h k_lZ ijbe_dZ_l djZkhlZ Kb^g_y Kj_^ba_fghfhjkdbc deb- fZl_]hi_qZleyxsb_]Ze_j_bfma_bZjobl_dlmjZb iZjdb Wlh²jZchg dhlhjhf`bmlKZrZb Hev]Z uoh^gu_ex^_c fh`ghmb^_lvh^hj_ Wlh²rdheZLhfZHgZ[ueZihkljh_gZe_lgZaZ^ Hi_jgucL_ZljKb^g_y²h^bgbakZfuoaZf_qZl_evguoijbf_- jh Zjobl_dlmju _dZ Hg [ue aZ^mfZg ^Zlkdbf Zjobl_dlhjhf `h_jghfMlahghfWlh²kbfhedmevlmjghc`bagbKb^g_y DebfZl L_ieucb mf_j_gguckhegp_k_lbl[hevrmxqZklv]h^ZL_f- i_jZlmjZhûe_lhfihP_evkbxAbfhc Ijbl_iehfkheg_qghfdebfZl_g_m^bbl_evghqlhKb^g_c² ]hjhêx[bl_e_ckihjlZG_m^bbl_evghqlhwlhl]hjh^Z[ueu- [jZgêyijh_^_gbxHebfibckdboB]j]h^Z ahhiZjd_ LZjhg]_ fh`gh mb^_lv i_jvy f_o ieZgbdb b deudb Ijbjh^gmx kj_^m h[blZgby lsZl_evgh jZajZ[ZluZeb ki_- pbZebklu ahhiZjd_h^bgbakZfuodjZkbuoi_caZ`_c Kb^g__ Kb^g_chdjm`_ghd_Zghfb gZpbhgZevgufbiZjdZfb Zcl_djZldh_baeh`_gb_lh]hqlhumagZebh Kb^g__ Sydney is the largest and oldest city in Australia. Nearly four milion people live there. Most of its residents are English in background, buy more than a quarter of the population of the city was born overseas. Sydney is a beautiful city with numerous museums, impressive galleries, architecture and parks. Every year tourists from all over the world visit Sydney. The climate is warm and sunny. Many of its inhabitants are sport lovers and the city was chosen to host the 2000 Olympic Games. uibrbl_ij_êh`_gbyk iZkkbgufaZeh]hfb i_j__^b- l_bogZjmkkdbcyaud 2QZHHNHQGVSHRSOHFDQEHVHHQLQWKHDUG uoh^gu_ex^_c fh`ghmb^_lvh^hj_ ,WZDVEXLOWHDUVDJRHgZ[ueZihkljh_gZe_lgZaZ^ ,WZDVFRQFHLYHGE'DQLVKDUFKLWHFW-RHUQ8W]RQHg[ueaZ^mfZg ^ZlkdbfZjobl_dlhjhf`h_jghfMlahghf 1RZRQGHUWKHFLWZDVFKRVHQWRKRVWWKH2OPSLF*DPHVG_ m^bbl_evgh qlh wlhl ]hjh^Z [ue u[jZg êy ijh_^_gbx Hebf- ibckdboB]j]h^Z 6GQHLVVXUURXQGHGERFHDQDQGQDWLRQDOSDUNVKb^g_chdjm`_g hd_Zghfb gZpbhgZevgufbiZjdZfb )HDWKHUVIXUILQVDQGIDQJVFDQEHIRXQGDWWKH7DURQJD]RR ahh- iZjd_ LZjhg]_fh`ghmb^_lvi_jvyf_oieZgbdbb deudb 1DWXUDO KDELWDWV ZHUH FDUHIXOO GHVLJQHG E H[SHUWV Ijbjh^gmx kj_^mh[blZgbylsZl_evghjZajZ[ZluZebki_pbZebklu

73. 12 MgbdZevgZybklhjby:kljZebb DZiblZg`_cfkDmdhldjue:kljZebx ]h^m?]hihkeZ- ebhldjulvh]jhfgu_a_febdhlhju_ihfg_gbxfgh]boex^_cgZ- oh^bebkvd x]mhlwdZlhjZ Hg ukZ^beky x`g__ lh]h f_klZ ]^_ gZoh^blkyKb^g_c GhhfX`ghfMwevk_Hgij_^tybeijZZgZ wlmqZklva_f_ev^eydhjhey:g]ebb lhj_fy :g]ebb[uehfgh]hkhpbZevguoijh[e_f;ueu- khdbc mjh_gv [_ajZ[hlbpu Ij_klmighklv [ueZ h^ghc ba kZfuo [hevrbo ijh[e_f IjZbl_evklh gZdZauZeh ex^_c kZ`Zy bo lxjvfu J_r_gb_f ijh[e_fu i_j_iheg_gguo lxj_f ^ey :g]ebb klZeZukuedZaZdexq_gguo ^Zevgb_dhehgbbHgbfh]ebhljZ[h- lZlvkhcijb]hhjdZdq_jghjZ[hqb_ ghuodhehgbyob dhgp_ dhgph aZjZ[hlZlv kh[h^m Ihwlhfm ]h^m dZiblZg :jlmj Nbeebi[uedhfZg^mxsbfgZh^bggZ^pZlbdhjZ[eyoieZmsbo :kljZebx Hdheh ba ex^_c gZoh^brboky gZ dhjZ[eyo [uebhkm`^_ggufbWlboi_juo ihk_e_gp_ ijb_lklhZeb Z[h- jb]_gui_ju_h[blZl_eb:kljZebb :kljZebb lhj_fy`beh ijb[ebabl_evghZ[ejb]_gh _ebdh[jblZgbyaZybeZkhbijZZgZkxl_jjblhjbx:kljZ- ebb ]h^m ]h^mijb[ebabl_evgh lj_oklZodbehf_ljZo hlKb^g_yh[gZjm`bebahehlhEx^bmklj_fbebkv ahehlu_iheyaZ khklhygbyfbWlhijbe_dehjZa[hcgbdhdhlhjuogZauZeb[jh^y- ]ZfbG_^D_eeb[ueba_klgufij_klmigbdhfHg[uehq_gv mf- guf[Zg^blhf ]h^m:kljZebyklZeZgZpb_c khklZ_;jblZgkdhcBf- i_jbbhj_fyijZe_gbydhjhe_ubdlhjbbWlhgZaZebkh^jm- `_klhf:kljZebbM :kljZebb[ueZhq_gvh]jZgbq_ggZydhgklb- lmpby _ebdh[jblZgby ijh^he`ZeZ ijbgbfZlv j_r_gby hkms_kleylvg_rgxxiheblbdm:kljZebb ]h^m:kljZebyh[j_eZg_aZbkbfhklvhl_ebdh[jblZgbb Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

74. KqblZ_rvebluqlhbklhjby :kljZebb mgbdZevgZLufh- `_rvgZaZlv_s_h^gmkljZgmk ihoh`_cbklhjb_c²k [jblZgkdb- fbihk_e_gbyfbdhj_ggufb`bl_eyfbm`_`brbfblZfahehlhc ebohjZ^dhc No, I don’t think Australia’s history is unique. There is a country with a similar history. It is the United States of America. When the British came to settle in America, the natives had been living there for many years. Only in America natives were Indians. And there was a goldrush DIWHUJROGKDGEHHQGLVFRYHUHGLQDOLIRUQLDG_ly g_kqblZxqlhbk- lhjby:kljZebbmgbdZevgZ?klv_s_h^gZkljZgZk ihoh`_cbklh- jb_cWlhKh_^bg_ggu_RlZlu:f_jbdbDh]^Z[jblZgpuijb_oZeb

75. 13 :f_jbdmdhj_ggu_`bl_eb`beblZfm`_fgh]b_]h^uLhevdh :f_jbd_dhj_ggufb`bl_eyfb[uebbg^_cpuB lZflh`_[ueZah- ehlZyebohjZ^dZihke_lh]hdZd DZebnhjgbbh[gZjm`bebahehlh

76. DZdmxqZklvbklhjbb:kljZebblukqblZ_rvmgbdZevghcbeb bgl_j_kghc The fact that the first settlers were convicts is unique. I can’t remember any other country where something like that happened. I VXSSRVH LW KDG LWV LPSDFW RQ WKH IRUPLQJ RI WKH QDWLRQlhl nZdl qlh i_ju_ihk_e_gpu[uebdZlhj`gbdZfb mgbdZe_gY g_ ijbihfgx ^jm]hckljZgu dhlhjhc[uehqlheb[hih^h[gh_mfZxwlhhdZ- aZehebygb_gZnhjfbjhZgb_gZpbb

77. H[tykgbl_agZq_gb_wlh]hij_^eh`_gby At that time there were many social problems in Britain, such as unemployment, crime and crowded prisons. JZkiheh`bl_ih`ZemcklZkh[ulbygZj_f_gghcrdZe_ 1770 — Captain Cook discovered Australia. 1788 — Captain Phillip commanded eleven ships with convicts on board to Australia. 1827 — Great Britain claimed all of Australia. 1851 — gold was discovered not far from Sydney. 1901 — Australia became a nation within the British Empire. 1931 — Australia gained independence from Great Britain. uibrbl_]eZ]heumihlj_[e_ggu_ nhjf_^_cklbl_ev- gh]hb kljZ^Zl_evgh]haZeh]Z Active voice Passive voice 'LVFRYHUHG²hldjue %HOLHYHG²iheZ]Zeb /DQGHG²ukZ^beky ODLPHG²ij_^tybeijZZ :DVKDYLQJ²bf_eZ :DV²[ueZ 3XQLVKHG²gZdZauZeh RXOG²fh]eb RPPDQGHG²dhfZg^hZe :HUH²[ueb ODLPHG²ij_^tybeijZZ 5XVKHG²mklj_fbebkv $WWUDFWHG²ijbe_deh %HFDPH²klZeZ +DG²bf_eZ RQWLQXHG²ijh^he`ZeZ *DLQHG²h[j_eZ :DVVHQW²[ueihkeZg :HUHJUHHWHG²boijb_lklhZeb :DVGLVFRYHUHG²[uehh[gZjm`_gh :DVFDOOHG²[uehgZaZgh 5. Discovered — the Past Simple Tense Believed — the Past Simple Tense

78. 14 Landed — the Past Simple Tense Claimed — the Past Simple Tense Was having — Was — the Past Simple Tense Punished — the Past Simple Tense Could — the Past Tense Commanded — the Past Simple Tense Were — the Past Simple Tense Claimed — the Past Simple Tense Rushed — the Past Simple Tense Attracted — the Past Simple Tense Became — the Past Simple Tense Had — the Past Simple Tense Continued — the Past Simple Tense Gained — the Past Simple Tense Was sent — the Past Simple Tense Passive Were greeted — the Past Simple Tense Passive Was discovered — the Past Simple Tense Passive Was called — the Past Simple Tense Passive :kljZebyk_]h^gy :kljZeby²wlhh^ghj_f_gghb dhglbg_glb kljZgZb hkljh Wlhr_klZyih_ebqbg_kljZgZb kZfucfZe_gvdbcdhglbg_gl fb- j_:kljZebyjZkiheh`_gZ x`ghfihemrZjbbIhwlhfmlZfe_lh dh]^Zm gZkabfZZ abfZlZfdh]^Zm gZke_lhBgl_j_kghmagZlvqlh ygZjv²kZfuc`Zjdbcf_kyp :kljZebb Ihq_fmYgZjvkZfuc`Zjdbcf_kyp :kljZebb? January is the hottest month in Australia because when we have winter Australia has summer. :kljZebyjZkiheh`_gZd x]mhl:abbf_`^mLbobfb Bg^bckdbf hd_ZgZfb :kljZeby ² kZfuc kmohc dhglbg_gl fbj_ H]jhfgu_ mqZkldba_febgZklhevdhkmob_qlhgZgbogbdlhg_`b_lGZk__j_ gZoh^ylkyljhibq_kdb_e_kZgZx]hhklhd_²kg_`gu_ihey p_g- ljZevghc qZklb ² imklugb Z gZ x]_ b x]haZiZ^_ ² ieh^hjh^gu_ a_feb:kljZebylZd`_kZfuciehkdbcdhglbg_glihke_:glZjdlbdb Ih`ZemcklZ, h[tykgbl_ agZq_gb_ wlh]h ij_^eh`_gby «Huge areas are so dry that they are uninhabited». That means that the land there is very dry, there is hardly any water or plants there and no one can live there. :kljZeby ² mj[ZgbabjhZggZy kljZgZ Hdheh gZk_e_gby `b_l kZfuo[hevrbo]hjh^Zo;hevrZyqZklvgZk_e_gby`b_l x]hhklhqghc qZklb kljZgu b lhevdh gZk_e_gby `b_l k_evkdhcf_klghklbDZg[_jjZ²klhebpZ:kljZebbWlhg_kZfuc

79. 15 [hevrhc]hjh^Kb^g_cb F_ev[mjg]hjZa^h[hevr_RlZlLZkfZ- gbyhl^_e_ghldhglbg_glZ:kljZebyWlhrlZl²hkljh QlhlZdh_«island state»? An island state is state which occupies an island. :kljZebcpuex[yl^bdmxijbjh^m:kljZebckdh_ijZbl_ev- klhm^_ey_l[hevrh_gbfZgb_aZsbl_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_û ijhrehf [ueh ujm[e_gh fgh]h ^_j_v_ IjZbl_evklh ieZgbjm_l ihkZ^blv fbeebZj^ ^_j_v_ d ]h^m Hgb m`_ ihkZ^beb fbeebhgh^_j_v_K_cqZkihk_c:kljZebbkZ`Zxl^_j_vy Ihq_fmih k_c:kljZebbkZ`Zxl^_j_vy? The trees are being planted all over Australia because the Government pays a lot of attention to the preservation of the environment and because many trees had been cut down. :kljZebcpulZd`_ex[ylkihjl:kljZebyyey_lkyh^`ghcba g_fgh]bokljZgdhlhju_ijbgbfZebmqZklb_hk_oHebfibckdbo B]jZokl_oihjdZdbohj]ZgbahZebHebfibckdb_B]juijhh^b- ebkv F_ev[mjg_ ]h^mb [m^mlijhh^blvky Kb^g__ ]h^m Ih`ZemcklZaZdhgqbl_ij_êh`_gb_b h[tykgbl__]hagZq_gb_ «Australia is one of the few countries in the world that has participated in all of the Olympic games since they were organized». That means that very few countries participated in all Olympic Games. Australia was one of them. :kljZeby²kljZgZ]jZ`^Zg_dhlhjhchlghkylkyd jZaebqguf dmevlmjZf q_l_jlv gZk_e_gby jh^bebkv aZ ]jZgbp_c :kljZeby klZeZ ^hfhf êy ihk_e_gp_ ba kljZg :[hjb]_gu khklZeyxl k_]hebrvgZk_e_gbyk_cqZk Ih`ZemcklZ, h[tykgbl_agZq_gb_wlh]hij_êh`_gby«About a quarter of the population is foreign born». That means that a quarter of Australians were born in other countries and then came to live in Australia. eylh]hqlh[u[hevr_magZlvh[ :kljZebbbkihevamcl_ dZjlu wlhfmq_[gbd_qlh[uhl_lblvgZwlbhijhku

80. DZdb_kljZguhd_Zgub fhjyhdjm`Zxl:kljZebx Australia is surrounded by the Pacific and the Indian Oceans. It is to the south from Asia.

81. :kljZebbljbhkghgu_j_dbFh`_l_ebubogZaZlv Murray, Darling, Diamantina

82. :kljZebbkZfuc[hevrhcdhjZeehucjbn fbj_DZdhg gZauZ_lky The Great Barrier Reef

83. AgZ_rvebludZdb_gb[m^vbgl_j_kgu_nZdluh[:kljZebb

84. 16 Australia is located in the southern hemisphere so when we have warm months, it’s cold in Australia, though the lowest temperature is 17 degrees. The centre of the continent is a vast desert. Forests are tropical or deciduous. eybgnhjfZpbb DebfZl LZd dZd :kljZeby gZoh^blky x`ghf ihemrZjbb k_ahgu a^_kv i_j__jgmluihhlghr_gbxd l_fdhlhju_[uZxld k__jmhlwdZlh- jZKZfu_eZ`gu_f_kypuf_`^mZij_e_fb bxg_f K_ahgu _kgZk_gly[jv²ghy[jv E_lh^_dZ[jv²n_jZev Hk_gvfZjl²fZc AbfZbxgv²Z]mkl Kj_^gyyfZdkbfZevgZyl_fi_jZlmjZ Kb^g__ H^_`^Z H^_`^ZgZih^deZ^d_²kZfZyijZdlbqgZy mkehbyo:kljZebb h^hg_ijhgbpZ_fZydmjldZihe_agZgh^Z`_ k_j_^bg_abfuiZevlh g_yey_lkyg_h[oh^bfuf Kb^g__:kljZebcpuh[uqghh^_Zxlky ihk_^g_gmxh^_`^m JZagbpZhj_f_gb :kljZebygZoh^blkyd aZiZ^mhlebgbbi_j_f_gu^Zl]^_gZqbgZ- _lky^_gvihwlhfmkhegp_ Kb^g__klZ_ljZgvr_q_f [hevrbgkl_ f_kla_fgh]hrZjZDh]^Zu Kb^g__uqlbl_ qZkZêylh]hqlh[uuqbkeblvf_klgh_j_fy =hgdhg]_ qZkhêylh]hqlh[uuqbkeblvf_klgh_j_fy IZjb`_ qZkhêylh]hqlh[uuqbkeblvf_klgh_j_fy Ehg^hg_ qZkhêylh]hqlh[uuqbkeblvf_klgh_j_fy GvxChjd_ qZkhêylh]hqlh[uuqbkeblvf_klgh_j_fy KZgNjZgpbkdh qZkêylh]hqlh[uuqbkeblvf_klgh_j_fy Lhdbh :kljZebckdbcZg]ebckdbc F_gyahml Kvxa_g;Zle_j b yba^Zl_ev ba^Zl_evkl_ ©KehZjy FZdmZjbªY jZ[hlZeZg]Z^kehZj_fk l_oihjdZd_]hgZqZeb ]h^mKehZjvFZdmZjb[uei_ju_him[ebdhZg ]h^m?]hkqb- lZxlgZpbhgZevgufkehZj_fZkljZebckdh]hZg]ebckdh]hyaudZ Q_f ZkljZebckdbc Zg]ebckdbc hlebqZ_lky hl hklZevguo Zg]ebc- kdboyaudh fbj_GmêygZqZeZkh_cbklhjb_cDh]^Z[jblZgkdh_ ijZbl_evklh hkghZeh ihk_e_gb_ êy hkm`^_gguo [mol_ Kb^g_y hghg_laZ^mfuZehkvh ebg]bklbq_kdboihke_^klbyoIhijhr_kl- bbj_f_gbdZlhj`gbdbb ihk_e_gpuayebZg]ebckdbcyaudb ijbkihkh[beb_]hêyboghh]h^hfZbaf_gyyagZq_gb_kehbebaZbfkl- myghu_

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86. 18 Ihlhfmqlhfufhehûb kh[h^gu M gZk_klvahehlZya_feyb bah[beb_qlh[uljm^blvky GZr^hfhihykZgfhj_f GZrZa_feybah[bem_l^ZjZfbijbjhû DjZkhlhc[h]Zlhcb j_^dhc GZkljZgbp_bklhjbbimklvdZ`ûcwlZi Ij_mfgh`Z_lDjZkhlm:kljZebb jZ^hklguomkbebyolh]^Zkih_f`_ Ij_mfgh`bfDjZkhlm:kljZebb Ih^kbyxsbfX`gufDj_klhf Fu[m^_fljm^blvkyk_j^pZfbb jmdZfb Qlh[ugZrKhxa KlZeagZf_gblufhk_oa_feyo K l_fbdlhijb_oZebaaZfhj_c Fuih^_ebfky[_a]jZgbqgufbjZgbgZfb H[t_^bgbfky`_kf_eh Qlh[uij_mfgh`blvDjZkhlm:kljZebb jZ^hklguomkbebyolh]^Zkih_f`_ Ij_mfgh`bfDjZkhlm:kljZebb eybgnhjfZpbb =_j[ :kljZebb ² hnbpbZevgZy wf[e_fZ ZkljZebckdh]h ijZb- l_evklZ²[ue^ZjhZgdhjhe_f=_hj]hf 9 ]h^m=_j[khklhbl ba sblZ kh^_j`Zs_]h wf[e_fu r_klb rlZlh _j`Zl_eb sblZ ² ij_^klZbl_ebf_klghcnZmgu²d_g]mjmb wfmF_klgh_jZkl_gb_k `_elufbp_lZfbZkljZebckdZyZdZpbylZd`_ijhybehkv ]_j[_ GZpbhgZevgucijZa^gbd:kljZebbygZjyhlf_qZ_l^Zlm ]h^mdh]^ZdZiblZg:jlmjNbebiiba;jblZgkdh]hDhjhe_kdh]hh- _gghfhjkdh]h NehlZ dhfZg^hZe nehlbeb_c ba dhjZ[e_c b ijb- ieue Ihjl`_dkhg;molmKb^g_y

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88. 19 ufh`_l_k^_eZlv ih`_jlhZgb_ ex[hcZexl_Z`_ bgh- kljZggu_fhg_lub [Zgdghludhlhju_ug_fh`_l_bkihevahZlv ^hfZfh]mlbf_lvagZq_gb_êyj_[_gdZ Ih`ZemcklZhl^Zcl_dhg_jlqe_gmwdbiZ`Zhj_fyihe_lZ i_gkh²k_qlhgm`ghêylh]hqlh[udmiblvdZikmeub- lZfbgZ:qlh[uaZsblblv^_l_chlke_ihluijbqbghcdhlhjhc yey_lkyiehoh_iblZgb_ nmglh²aZsbsZ_lj_[_gdZhlr_klb[he_ag_ck e_lZevguf bkoh^hf GZnmglZfh`ghdmiblvgZ[hjmq_[gbdhêygZqZevghcrdheu CHAPTER 2. RDHEVG:Y@BAGV LhfKZrZb Hev]ZjZa]hZjbZxlh rdhevghc`bagb :kljZ- ebbKZrZb Hev]Zihc^ml rdhemf_kl_k Lhfhf Ih`ZemcklZ ijhqlbl_ ke_^mxsb_ ^bZeh]b kemo AZl_f jZ- au]jZcl_ bo ih jheyf k h^ghdeZkkgbdZfb H[jZsZcl_ hkh[h_ gbfZgb_gZmihlj_[e_gb_bgnbgblbZ]_jmg^byb ijbqZklby Ihke_ ijhql_gby uihegbl_ ih`ZemcklZ mijZ`g_gby ke_- ^mxsb_aZ^bZeh]hf B^_f rdhem LhfFgh]b_bamq_gbdhfh_]hdeZkkZohlylk Zfbklj_lblvky FulhevdhqlhaZdhgqbebbamqZlvbklhjbxJhkkbb wlhfk_f_klj_ b gZfbgl_j_kghmagZlv[hevr_h khj_f_gghcJhkkbbY [uohl_e qlh[uuihrebkhfghc rdhemaZljZZfwlhihôh^bl KZrZAZljZ[ueh[uaZf_qZl_evghIjZ^ZHev]Z Hev]Z Z Y [u ohl_eZ mb^_lv gZ qlh ihoh`Z ZkljZebckdZy rdheZ KZrZY lh`_L_[_gjZblkylhyrdheZLhf LhfHq_gvRdheZdhlhjmxy ihk_sZyfgh]hgZpbhgZevgZLZf ^_cklbl_evghbgl_j_kghmqblvkyihlhfmqlhm f_gy_klvhafh`- ghklvklj_qZlvkyk ex^vfbkhk_]hfbjZ Hev]ZFg_lh`_gjZblvkyklj_qZlvkyk ex^vfbba^jm]bokljZg KZrZLhfdZdb_m l_[yex[bfucij_^f_lu rdhe_ LhfFg_gjZblkybklhjby]_h]jZnbymjhdb[bag_kZb bgnhj- fZlbdZmfZxfg_gjZylky[hevrbgklhfhboij_^f_lh Hev]ZAmqbllZdqlhlhyrdheZij_^hklZey_lfgh]hbgl_j_k- guodmjkh LhfHgbgZkZfhf^_e_klZjZxlkyih^]hlhblvgZkd `bagbih- ke_ kj_^g_c rdheu GZf lZd`_ u^_eyxl j_fy gZf lZdb_ dmjku dZddmebgZjbyjZ[hlZih^_j_mgZudbjZ[hlu hnbk_nhlh]jZ- nby^jZfZb nbadmevlmjZ

89. 20 KZrZIhk_sZlvjZaebqgu_rdheuk_]^Zbgl_j_kghY ihk_lbe g_kdhevdhrdhedh]^Zy [ue :f_jbd_b :g]ebb Hev]ZFugZ^__fkyihk_lblvrdhemdh]^Zih_^_f F_ev[mjg KZrZGZqlhihoh`F_ev[mjg LhfLZfhq_gvohjhrhk_]hhjylqlhF_ev[mjghq_gvihoh` gZ_jhi_ckdbc]hjh^ Hev]Zhkdhevdhfuuc^_faZljZqlh[uihclb rdhem LhfFuuc^_fhdhehqZkh KZrZFuihieu_f rdhemgZeh^d_ LhfZIeZZgv_gZeh^d_²qZklvihk_^g_ghc`bagb :- kljZebb GZc^bl_b i_j__^bl_bgnbgblb]_jmg^bcb ijbqZklby klj_qZxsb_ky l_dkl_ 0HHWLQJ²klj_qZlvky +DYLQJILQLVKHG²aZdhgqb 6WXGLQJ²bamqZlv .QRZLQJ²magZlv 7RFRPH²ijbreb 7RVHH²ihkfhlj_lv 6WXGLQJ²mqblvky 7RPHHW²klj_qZlv 0HHWLQJ²klj_qZlv 6WXGLQJ²bamqZlv 7RSUHSDUHih^]hlhblv 7RWDNH²aZgbfZlvky 9LVLWLQJ²ihk_rZlv 7RYLVLW²ihk_lblv %RDWLQJ²ijh]medbgZeh^dZoieZZgv_gZeh^dZo Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

90. Ohlylebfgh]b_bamq_gbdh deZkk_LhfZihagZdhfblvkyk KZr_cb Hev]hcHVWKHDUH

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93. Ihq_fmLhfmgjZblky_]hrdheZ7RPOLNHVKLVVFKRROEHFDXVH it is multicultural.

94. LhfkqblZ_lqlh _]hrdhe_bgl_j_kghmqblvkyg_lZdebIh- q_fmHV KHGRHV+HWKLQNVWKDW VWXGLQJLQ KLVVFKRRO LV LQWHUHVWLQJ because he has an opportunity to meet people from all over the world

95. DZdb_ m LhfZ ex[bfu_ ij_^f_lu rdhe_ 7RP¶V IDYRXULWH subjects at school are History, Geography, Business Studies and Computer Science.

96. 21

97. DZdb_ m l_[y ex[bfu_ ij_^f_lu rdhe_ 0 IDYRXULWH subjects are Literature, Foreign Language and History.

98. Ij_^hklZey_lebrdheZLhfZfgh`_klhbgl_j_kguodmjkh Yes, it does.

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100. DZdhc ZkljZebckdbc ]hjh^ ihoh` gZ _jhi_ckdb_ ]hjh^Z Melbourne is similar to a European city.

101. h kdhevdh Lhf KZrZ b Hev]Z ihc^ml rdhem 7KH ZLOO leave for school at 8 a.m.

102. DZdhgb^h[_jmlky^hrdheu7KHZLOOJHWWRVFKRROEERDW Ih^_ebl_kvfukeyfbh ihk_s_gbbrdheu

103. ?keb[ulu[ue^bj_dlhjhfkj_^g_crdheuqlh[uluk^_- eZeM dh]h[ulufh]ihijhkblvkh_lZ If I were a high school principal I would try to make studies more interesting. I would organize different activities to encourage students to express their creativity. If I needed advice I would ask the students.

104. Qlhlu^mfZ_rvh[mgbnhjf_êymq_gbdhkj_^g_crdheu On the one hand uniform saves a lot of trouble. You don’t need to think what to wear. All students look the same and there are no problems of making someone not wear a very short skirt or metal chains. On the other hand students cannot express their individuality. Besides, a uniform might be not very comfortable, especially for those who wear jeans and sneakers. JZau]jZcl_ ih jheyf ke_^mxsbc ^bZeh] iZjZo H^bg mq_gbd[m^_lLhfhfZ ^jm]hc[m^_lRX TomY [uohl_eqlh[uluihr_ekhfghc rdhemAZljZl_[_ ihôh^bl YouHVLWLV'RRXOLNHRXUVFKRROIhôh^blL_[_gjZblky lhyrdheZ

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111. 23 0SDUHQWVZDQWPHWRVOHHSHLJKWKRXUVDQLJKW²Fhbjh^bl_eb ohlylqlh[uy kiZehk_fvqZkh kmldb My parents want me to go to bed at the same time, even on Saturdays. ²Fhbjh^bl_ebohlylqlh[uy eh`bekykiZlv h^ghb lh`_j_- fy^Z`_ihkm[[hlZf My parents don’t want me to take 5 spoons of sugar in my tea. — Fhbjh^bl_ebg_ohlylqlh[uy deZeiylveh`_dkZoZjZ qZrdm 0SDUHQWVZDQWPHWRHDWDORWRIIUHVKIUXLWDQGYHJHWDEOHV²Fhb jh^bl_ebohlylqlh[uy _efgh]hk_`bonjmdlhb hhs_c 0SDUHQWVGRQ¶WZDQWPHWRHDWDORWRIVZHHWV²Fhbjh^bl_eb g_ohlylqlh[uy _efgh]hkeZ^hkl_c 0SDUHQWVGRQ¶WZDQWPHWRHDWDORWRIVDOW²Fhbjh^bl_ebg_ ohlylqlh[uy _efgh]hkheb 0SDUHQWVZDQWPHWRMRJHYHUPRUQLQJ²Fhbjh^bl_ebohlyl qlh[uy [_]ZedZ`^h_mljh 0SDUHQWVZDQWPHWRJRVZLPPLQJRQFHRUWZLFHDZHHN²Fhb jh^bl_ebohlylqlh[uy ieZZeh^bgbeb^ZjZaZ g_^_ex 0SDUHQWVZDQWPHWRULGHDELFFOHWRVFKRRO²Fhbjh^bl_eb ohlylqlh[uy _a^begZ_ehkbi_^_ rdhem 7. K qZFlbp_cWR ;_aqZklbpuWR to learn Speak to practice Think to learn repeat To memorize To listen To study 11. 1) Peter likes playing tennis. Does Peter like playing tennis? 2) Ann is not keen on watching football. Is Ann keen on watching football? 3) David and Cathy enjoy going to the theatre. Do they enjoy going to the theatre? 4) John doesn’t like staying in the hotel. Does John like staying in the hotel? 5) Robert likes listening to music. Does he like listening to music? 6) Bill loves working in Sydney. Does he love working in Sydney? 12. E

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117. 14. a) 1) raining? 2) discussing? 3) speaking? 4) playing? 5) Working?

118. 24 b) 1) reading this article. 2) Making such mistakes. 3) Going there. 4) Solving the mystery. 5) Sitting there on the sand. c) 1) telling him everything. 2) Continuing this work? 3) Getting her on our side? 4) Making such noise? 5) Watching TV? d) 1) in remembering his face; 2) answering; 3) travelling to China; 4) going there alone to talk to him. IjhqblZcl_b magZcl_ h[jhih`ZehZlv F_ev[mjgIjhdZlbl_kvgZ=hjh^kdhfDjm- ]hhfLjZfZ_ Zf ihgjZblky iml_r_klhZlv ih F_ev[mjgm gZ =hjh^kdhf Djm]hhfLjZfZ_Hgoh^bldZ`^u_fbgmlk mljZ^h_q_- jZ IhdZ kb^brv ljZfZ_ dhg^mdlhj h[jZlbl Zr_ gbfZgb_ gZ kZfu_bgl_j_kgu_^hklhijbf_qZl_evghklbF_ev[mjgZ F_ev[mjg²fgh]hgZpbhgZevguc]hjh^;he__q_l_jlbgZk_e_- gbyjh^behkvaZ]jZgbp_cWlh^hffgh]bodmevlmjguo]jmii]hh- jysbo gZyaudZob ijb^Zxsbo F_ev[mjgm _]h g_ihlhjbfuc oZjZdl_j F_ev[mjg_h^gbbakZfuo[hevrboihk_e_gbc]j_dhb blZevygp_ F_ev[mjg²ijbagZggZyKlhebpZDmevlmju :kljZebbk fm- audhclZgpZfbhi_jhcdhf_^b_cb l_Zljhffbjhh]hdeZkkZIh- wlhfmhldbgvl_kvb gZkeZ`^Zcl_kvih_a^dhc :jobl_dlmjZ F_ev[mjgZ [ueZ lsZl_evgh ijh^mfZgZ Ijh_dlb- jmy ghu_ a^Zgby Zjobl_dlhju F_ev[mjgZ ^mfZxl h i_caZ`_ b h lhfqlhhdjm`Z_lkljhbl_evgmxiehsZ^dm GZpbhgZevgZy=Ze_j_ybdlhjbbhkghZggZy ]h^myey- _lky]hkm^Zjkl_gghc]Ze_j__cbkdmkkl=Ze_j_yij_^klZey_lu- klZdb bkdmkklZ dZd khj_f_ggh]h lZd b bkdmkklZ ijhreh]h ba :kljZebbb ba^jm]bokljZgWlhf_klhklhblihk_lblv_ebdhe_i- gZydhee_dpbyh[sbfqbkehf[he__jZ[hlgZqbgZyk dZjlbg kdmevilmju b nhlh]jZnbb b dhgqZy ijbdeZ^guf bkdmkklhf ]jZ- xjZfbb jbkmgdZfb Hldjuluc ]h^m bdlhjbZgkdbc P_glj Bkdmkkl ba_kl_g khbfbjhkdhrgufbihf_s_gbyfbb ribe_fbaklZevghciZmlbgub ukhlhcf_ljhKfhljhZyIehsZ^dZ;ZrgbJbZelhjZkiheh`_g- gZy gZ wlZ`_ kZfh]h ukhdh]h F_ev[mjg_ a^Zgby h[_ki_qbZ_l iZghjZfgucb^gZF_ev[mjgb hdjm`Zxsb_^hklhijbf_qZl_evghklb P_glj_ gZoh^blky F_ev[mjgkdbc Dhgp_jlguc AZe Fma_c Bah[jZabl_evguoBkdmkklb ljb]eZguol_ZljZ dhlhjuoh[sbf qbkehfihf_sZ_lkyq_eh_dk jZsZxs_ckykp_ghcki_pbZev- gh^eyhi_ju Wdkdmjkbb GZke_^b_ :[hjb]_gh G_ ijhimklbl_ hafh`ghklv magZlvh[h^ghcbakZfuoklZjuodmevlmj fbj_Ihk_lbl_ie_f_g-

119. 25 gu_a_febZ[hjb]_ghihagZdhfvl_kvk ex^vfbb magZcl_h ljZ^b- pbhgguoih_jvyoh h[jZa_`bagb F_ev[mjg_`bmlkZfu_nZgZlbqgu_kihjlkf_gu fbj_L_ggbk ]hevn[_ck[heb nml[hek_jnbg]h^gu_eu`bijh]medbgZeh^dZo iZjmkguckihjl_ehkihjlb [_]hq_gvihimeyjgu F_ev[mjg_ G_ aZ[m^vl_ ihk_lblv F_ev[mjgkdbc AhhiZjd HkghZgguc ]h^mhgyey_lkyh^gbfbaklZj_crboahhiZjdh fbj_Wlh ^hfêy[he__`bhlguo H[yaZl_evghkhc^bl_k ljZfZyqlh[uihijh[hZlvk_`bckhd baZj[mahûgvfhjdhbZi_evkbghb lûu[bjZ_l_njmdlu bebhhsbb m`_q_j_afbgmlmiv_l_hq_gvdmkgmxkf_kvG_[_k- ihdhcl_kvke_^mxsbcZlh[mkkdhjhih^hc^_l DebfZlmf_j_gguc F_ev[mjg_q_luj_q_ldhjZaebqbfuok_- ahgZAbfZk oheh^gufbghqZfb_kgZb hk_gvhkoblbl_evguE_lh l_ieh_h`^bjZkij_^_e_guihjhgmgZ_kv]h^L_fi_jZlmjZh- ûabfhce_lhf YgZjvb n_jZev²kZfu_l_ieu_f_kypu F_ev[mjg_l_fi_- jZlmjZ^hoh^bl^h]jZ^mkh Kmffbjmcl_lhqlhuijhqblZebh F_ev[mjg_Ih`ZemcklZ mihlj_[ebl_bgnbgblb]_jmg^bcb ijbqZklb_dh]^Zhafh`gh You’ll enjoy travelling around Melbourne on the City Circle Tram. While you are sitting on the tram, the conductor will point out the most interesting sights in Melbourne. Melbourne is home to many cultural groups, speaking 170 languages and giving Melbourne a unique character. When designing buildings, architects in Melbourne think hard about the scenery and the surroundings of the building site. Melbourne is considered to be the acknowledged Culture Capital of Australia because it has world-class music, dance, opera, comedy and theatre The National Gallery of Victoria, established in 1861, is the state art gallery. This place is worth visiting.The magnificent collection, totaling over 70 000 works, range from paintings, sculpture and photography to decorative arts, prints and drawings. The Rialto Tower Observation Desk, situated on level 55 of Melbourne’s tallest building, provides a panoramic view of Melbourne and the surrounding landmarks. The Centre houses the Melbourne Concert Hall, Performing Arts Museum and three major theatres collectively seating 5 880 people with a revolving stage especially for opera. Don’t miss the opportunity to learn about one of the oldest living cultures in the world. The tourists can go on Aboriginal Heritage tours they will learn about one of the oldest cultures in the world, visit tribal lands and meet the people.

120. 26 Playing tennis, golf, baseball and football, surfing, water-skiing, boating, yachting, cycling and running are very popular in Melbourne. Don’t forget to visit the Melbourne Zoo. Established in 1857, it is one of the oldest zoos in the world. Make sure to try fresh juice made of watermelons, melons, carrots, oranges etc. :kljZebckdb_^jmavyihi_j_ibkd_ KZrZ b Hev]Z ihagZdhfbebkv k g_kdhevdbfb mq_gbdZf dh]^Z hgb[ueb Kb^g__b F_ev[mjg_Ke_^mxsb_ibkvfZhlwlbomq_gb- dhdhlhju_ohl_eb[ubf_lvjmkkdbo^jma_cihi_j_ibkd_ Ih`ZemcklZijhqlbl_ibkvfZb hl_lvl_gZhijhku hjh]b_^jmavy Jhkkbb Fg_r_klgZ^pZlve_lb yoh`m rdhem Kb^g__ fh_crdhe_ kqZklebZyb _k_eZyZlfhkn_jZk_ohjhrhhlghkylky^jm]d ^jm- ]mFughkbfnhjfmdhlhjZyij_^klZey_lgZrmrdhemDhee_^` DZkbfbj Y `bm :kljZebb gh ih ijhbkoh`^_gbx y ² ebZg_p b y ]hj`mkvwlbf :kljZebb`bmlex^bk jZaghcdmevlmjhcj_eb- ]b_cb ijhbkoh`^_gb_fY ba[hevrhck_fvbbaiylb^_l_cb mf_- gy_klvfZfZb iZiZFubgh]^ZmkljZbZ_frZreudbqlh^Z_lgZf j_fyih]hhjblv^jm]k ^jm]hfDh]^Zy ujZklmy ohqmklZlvj_- ihjl_jhf gZ l_e_b^_gbb mfZx qlh [m^_l bgl_j_kgh b ijbylgh u_a`Zlvb magZZlvh _sZoZ ihlhfjZkkdZauZlvbo ghhklyo bZgZLZjZ[_c hjh]b_jhkkbckdb_fZevqbdbb ^_hqdb Ijb_lf_gyahmlDjbkFmjlZ^bkFhbjh^bl_ebba=j_pbbgh y jh^beky :kljZebbY ^_kylhfdeZkk_b fhcex[bfucij_^f_l ih_jbl_ebZg]ebckdbcyaudY oh`m Dhee_^`KljZlfhj F_ev- [mjg_m`_q_luj_]h^Z Fg_ gjZblky b]jZlv Zf_jbdZgkdbc nml[he Hg ihoh` gZ h[uqguc nml[he gh ijZbeZ g_fgh]h ijbkihkh[e_gu ih^ fyq hZevghcnhjfu DjbkFmjlZ^bk hjh]b_jhkkbckdb_fZevqbdbb ^_hqdb Ijb_l Fg_ iylgZ^pZlv e_l b y oh`m Dhee_^` KljZlfhj F_ev[mjg_ K_cqZk y ^_kylhf deZkk_ M f_gy _klv ^Z kh^guo [jZlZdhrdZb kh[ZdZ Y gZf_j_ZxkvbamqZlvf_^bpbgmdh]^ZaZdhgqmdhee_^`Fhb oh[[b²b]jZgZne_cl_b gZkZdkhnhg_Fg_lZd`_gjZblkyb]jZlv l_ggbkFhbex[bfu_ij_^f_lu²Zg]ebckdbcyaud^jZfZfm- audZdmebgZjbyb jZ[hlZih^_j_m :ebkbyWggDZffbgk

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133. 33 Djhdh^behuc Oe_[ ² wlh oe_[ k [_dhghf a_e_guf i_jp_f b kujhfdhlhjucu]ey^bldZddjhdh^be ]hlhhfb^_ Kmik ;mehqdZfbk KhkbkdZfbb fgh]b_^jm]b_dmkgu_[ex^Z IbsZ dhlhjmx fu _^bf :kljZebb ² j_amevlZl [hevrh]h jZaghh[jZaby dmevlmj dexqZy Zg]ebckdmx blZevygkdmx ZabZl- kdmxjmkkdmx]j_q_kdmxlmj_pdmxb fgh]b_^jm]b_LZdbfh[jZ- ahfgZaZlv[ex^Zdhlhju_[ueb[ulhevdhZkljZebckdbfbkeh`- ghH^gbba[exôZjZdl_jguoêy:kljZebb²y[[bkb [bnrl_dk ba d_g]mjm Hq_gv ihimeyjguf kihkh[hf ijb]hlhe_gby ibsb :kljZebbyey_lkyrZreud `_gFwkk Ihijh[mcl_wlhlj_p_il Djhdh^behucOe_[k kujhfb ;_dhghf Bg]j_^b_gluêygZqbgdb lhgdboehflbdZ_lqbgu gZj_aZggh]hdm[bdZfba_e_gh]hi_jpZ ]jZffgZl_jlh]hgZl_jd_kujZ qZcguoeh`dba_jgbklhc]hjqbpu Bg]j_^b_gluêyl_klZ ]jZffoe_[Z qZrdZijhk_ygghcfmdb ½ qZrdbijhk_ygghcfmdbba]hlhe_gghcbap_eh]ha_jgZk hljm- [yfb fe]jfhehdZ

134. Kf_rZcl_bg]j_^b_glugZqbgdb

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146. 34

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150. 35 WlhlZd`_ihahey_lfg_klj_qZlvkyk dhee_]Zfbih^bkdmkkbbba ^jm]bordheb [ulvqe_ghfdhfZg^ua^hjhhB dhg_qghub]ju- Zlva^hjhh Bkdj_gg_lhyWfbeb:g^_jkhg H[jZahZgb_ ;jblZgbb Ih`ZemcklZijhqlbl_ke_^mxsbciZjZ]jZnAZl_fhl_lvl_ gZhijhkubkihevamyih^q_jdgmlu_kehZ Fgh]b_[jblZgkdb_^_lbb^ml rdhem beb]h^Z_kebjy^hfk ^hfhf_klvb]jhZyrdheZk_^_lbb^ml gZqZevgmxrdhem hajZkl_ e_lG_dhlhju_jh^bl_ebieZlylaZlhqlh[ubo^_lboh^beb qZklgmx rdhemghk_^_lbbf_xlijZhihclb ]hkm^Zjkl_ggmxrdhemdhlh- jZy[_kieZlgZyAZl_fhgb[m^mlmqblvky kj_^g_crdhe_^hbeb e_lG_dhlhju_mq_gbdbj_rZxlijh^he`Zlvh[mq_gb_ mgb_jkbl_l_ beb ihebl_ogbq_kdhfdhee_^`_]^_hgbbamqZxlZdZ^_fbq_kdb_ij_^- f_lu jm]b_ j_rZxl ihclb dhee_^` ]^_ hgb fh]ml bamqZlv [he__ ijZdlbq_kdb_ij_^f_lulZdb_dZdbkdmkklhbebbg`_g_jbx Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

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155. Dm^Zb^_lq_eh_dqlh[ubamqZlvbklhjbx $SHUVRQJRHVWRDXQLYHUVLWWRVWXG+LVWRUQlh[ubamqZlvbk- lhjbxq_eh_db^_l mgb_jkbl_l

156. Ih`ZemcklZgZibrbl_hibkZgb_kbkl_fuh[mq_gby Z- r_ckljZg_KjZgbl_khbaZibkbk aZibkyfbh^ghdeZkkgbdh KhiZ^ZxlebaZibkbh^ghdeZkkgbdhk Zrbfb In Russia many children can go to a nursery at the age of 3 or 4. All children start primary school at the age of 7. Some parents can pay for a private school but every child can attend a state school. Then the children move on to a secondary school. They can leave it at the age of 15 or 17. They can continue their education at a college or go to a university. Jhkkbb^_lbfh]mlihclb ^_lkdbckZ^ ²]h^Zk_^_lb b^ml gZqZevgmxrdhem hajZkl_e_lG_dhlhju_jh^bl_ebfh-

157. 36 ]mlieZlblvaZh[mq_gb_ qZklghcrdhe_ghex[hcj_[_ghdfh`_l mqblvky ]hkm^Zjkl_gghcrdhe_AZl_f^_lbi_j_oh^yl kj_^gxx rdhemHgbfh]mlaZdhgqblv__ hajZkl_bebe_lHgbfh]ml ijh^he`blvh[jZahZgb_ dhee_^`_bebihclb mgb_jkbl_l

158. H[jZahZgb_ :kljZebbijhlbh[jZahZgby Kh_^bg_gguoRlZlZo DZ`ûcrlZlb l_jjblhjby :kljZebbba^ZxlkhbaZdhguh[ h[jZahZgbb Lh `_ fh`gh kdZaZlv b h KR: B :kljZebb b KR: gZebqbbbf_xlkyqZklgu_rdheu ^hiheg_gb_d [_kieZl- guf]hkm^Zjkl_ggufrdheZf KR:^_lb hajZkl_hl^hh[yaZguoh^blv rdhem :kljZebb^_lb hajZkl_hl^hh[yaZguoh^blv rdhemaZ bkdexq_gb_fLZkfZgbb LZkfZgbb^_lboh^yl rdhem^he_l KR:^_lkdb_kZûyeyxlkyh[yaZl_evgufbZ :kljZebbg_l :kljZebbmq_[guc]h^khklhysbcbaq_luj_ok_f_kljhgZ- qbgZ_lky n_jZe_f_`^mk_f_kljZfbkms_klm_l^_g_^_ebdZgb- dme Q_l_jluc b ihke_^gbc k_f_klj dhgqZ_lky ijb[ebabl_evgh 20 ^_dZ[jyJh`^_kl_gkdb_dZgbdmeukhiZ^Zxlk dhgphfrdheub gZqZehf dZgbdme Mq_gbdb hajZsZxlky rdhem n_jZe_ KR:dZgbdmeuêylkyk bxgyihZ]mkl :kljZebbgZqZevgZyrdheZ^_eblkygZr_klvdeZkkhKj_^- gyyrdheZkhklhblbadeZkkhk k_^vfh]hih^_gZ^pZluck_mq_- gbdbkj_^g_crdheughkylnhjfmMq_gbdbkj_^g_crdheu KR: g_ghkylnhjfm rdhe_ Mq_gbdb Kh_^bg_gguoRlZlZo_^yl]hjyqbce_gq rdhe_:- kljZebckdb_mq_gbdbg_l :kljZebb[hevrb_rdheugZoh^ylky [hevrbo]hjh^ZogZih- [_j_`v_ Rdheu k h^gbf ij_ih^ZZl_e_f jZkiheh`_gu k_evkdhc f_klghklbMqbl_ev k_evkdhcf_klghklbfh`_lmqblvk_deZkku dhlhjuofh`_l[ulvihh^ghfm^mfmq_gbdZfMq_gbdb`bmsb_ ^Ze_dh hl ]hjh^Z mqZlky ©RdheZo ih ha^momª DZ`ûc ^_gv h j_fy dhlhjh_^he`gu[ulvrdheZhgbkemrZxlmqbl_eyihjZ^bh M mq_gbdhkhbdgb]bHgbhl_qZxlgZhijhku fbdjhnhgMqb- l_evhij_^_ey_l^hfZrgb_aZ^Zgbyuiheg_ggmx^hfZrgxxjZ[hlm hlijZeyxlihihql_mqbl_exHgZh[km`^Z_lky ihfbdjhnhgm bk- ijZey_lkyb hlkueZ_lkyh[jZlgh Kh_^bg_gguorlZlZog_dhlhju_ ^_lbmqZlky^hfZBojh^bl_ebyeyxlkybomqbl_eyfb Ih`ZemcklZ jZkiheh`bl_ ke_^mxsb_ ml_j`^_gby ih gm`gufaZ]hehdhf:kljZebybebKh_^bg_ggu_RlZlu :kljZeby Kh_^bg_ggu_RlZlu Summer vacation from December to )HEUXDU E_lgb_ dZgbdmeu k ^_dZ[jy ihn_jZev

159. Secondary school students do not wear XQLIRUPVWRVFKRROM_gbdb kj_^g_c rdheug_ghkylnhjfm rdhem

160. 37 :kljZeby Kh_^bg_ggu_RlZlu Some students go to «School of the Air». G_dhlhju_mq_gbdbmqZlky ©RdheZo ihha^momª

161. Students ages 6 to 15 or 16 attend school. _lb k ^h beb e_l oh^yl rdhem

162. Secondary school students wear uniforms WRVFKRROMq_gbdbkj_^g_crdheugh- kylnhjfm

163. Students do not eat a hot lunch at school. Mq_gbdbg__^yl]hjyqbce_gq rdhe_

164. Children ages 5 to 16 attend school. _lbk ^he_loh^yl rdhem

165. Students eat a hot lunch at school. Mq_gbdb _^yl ]hjyqbc e_gq rdhe_

166. Summer vacation from June to $XJXVW DZgbdmeu k bxgy ih Z- ]mkl

167. Some students attend school at home. G_dhlhju_^_lbmqZlky^hfZ

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176. 39 Qlhu^mfZ_l_h aZij_lZob ij_îbkZgbyo ]h^m :kljZebb They are very strict. I think pupils felt like convicts. They were not allowed to do natural things and were made to be always on the alert. DZdu^mfZ_l_k_cqZk :kljZebbaZij_lub ij_îbkZ- gbykbevghhlebqZxlkyhlaZij_lhb ij_îbkZgbc]h^Z Yes, I think Do’s and Don’ts greatly differ from 1880. I think now pupils are given more freedom. ufh`_l_gZibkZlvkibkhdaZij_lhb ij_îbkZgbckh_c rdheu IhklZjZcl_kv qlh[u ijZbeZ [ueb iheh`bl_evghc nhjf_ GZijbf_j gZibrbl_ ©Ijboh^bl_ rdhem hj_fyª f_klh©G_hiZaûZcl_ª Don’t Push Bring knives Smoke Bring alcohol Do Come to school on time Be neat Be clean Write carefully Pay attention during your classes Ask the teacher to explain Be ready with your homework Be polite Respect your classmates and teachers Help your classmates Be active ?kebuohlbl_[ulvohjhrbfq_eh_dhf AZihfgbl_wlbijhklu_ijZbeZ Ih^qbgycl_kvklZjrbfihfh]Zcl_ih^hfm KfhjdZcl_kvf_klhlh]hqlh[urfu]Zlvghkhf ;m^vl_ij_^Zggu^jmavyf ;m^vl_qbklufbb hijylgufb IjbgbfZcl_hl_lkl_gghklvaZlhqlhu^_eZ_l_ k_]^Zfhcl_jmdbi_j_^_^hc Qbklbl_am[ub jZkq_kuZcl_hehkumljhfb _q_jhf urbl_ghkhf HldjuZcl_hdgZ^g_fb ghqvx B]jZcl_gZha^mo_dZdfh`gh[hevr_ JZgheh`bl_kv²qZkhkgZ²jZghklZZcl_ Fhcl_kvk fuehfb l_iehch^hcdZdfh`ghqZs_ Dh]^ZihZr_fmfg_gbxwlbijZbeZ[uebgZibkZgu :kljZebb I suppose they were written many years ago.

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183. 41 GZ^_xkvqlhlukdhjhgZibr_rv Lhc^jm]ihi_j_ibkd_:g^j_c 12 Prospect Mira Moscow, Russia 173613 November 15, 2003 Dear Alysia, Hello. Me name is Zhenya and I live in Moscow. I read your letter in me textbook and I’d like to become your pen friend. You wrote that you have a cat and a dog. I like animals very much. I have a dog, a parrot and a turtle. They are all funny. The turtle’s name is Tutty. She is very slow and phlegmatic. I like tennis too. Please write more about yourself. Hope to hear from you soon. Best wishes, Zhenya. Ijhki_dlFbjZ FhkdZJhkkby ghy[jy] hjh]Zy:ebkby Ijb_lF_gyahml@_gyb y`bm Fhkd_Y ijhq_elh_ibkvfh kh_fmq_[gbd_b ohl_e[uklZlvlhbf^jm]hfihi_j_ibkd_LugZ- ibkZeZqlhm l_[y_klvdhrdZb kh[ZdZY hq_gvex[ex`bhlguoM f_gy_klvkh[ZdZihim]Zcb q_j_iZoZQ_j_iZomahmlLmllbHgZhq_gv f_^e_ggZyb ne_]fZlbqgZyY lh`_ex[exl_ggbkIh`ZemcklZgZibrb ih[hevr_h k_[_ GZ^_xkvqlhlukdhjhgZibr_rv K gZbemqrbfbih`_eZgbyfb @_gy

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223. =^_jh^bekyFbdemohFZdeZc 0LNORXKR0DNOD ZDV ERUQ LQ 5XVVLD FbdemohFZdeZc jh^beky Jhkkbb

224. Dlhhg[ueihijhn_kkbb He was an outstanding scientist, humanist, traveller, anthropologist and ]RRORJLVWHg[ueu^Zxsbfkymq_guf]mfZgbklhfiml_r_kl_ggb- dhfZgljhiheh]hfb ahheh]hf

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226. 49

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264. 59 =jZffZlbdZ 1. Sasha said that they are so much bigger the Canberra. Tom answered that there had been a long running debate about that and that both Sydney and Melbourne had wanted to be the nation’s capital. Tom added that a decision had been made to create a new city for the capital. Sasha said that everything was green in Canberra and that the air was fresh. Tom asked him if he had noticed that the Parliament House was covered with grass. Tom asked Sasha where he was staying in Canberra and Sasha answered that they were staying with a nice family. Tom asked if they would participate in some outdoor activities and Sasha said that they would. He said that their family had said they would take them canoeing and camping. Tom said that Canberra was a great place for outdoor sports. Sasha said that they had been told that the Olympics would be held in Sydney. He asked what year they would be in Sydney. Tom answered that it would happen in the tear 2000. He said that Sydney was preparing for the Olympics. Sasha said that it was very exciting and asked Tom if he could give him Victor’s telephone number. Tom said he could. Victor asked Tom if he had spoken with Sasha. Tom answered that Sasha had called him the day before. Victor asked if Sasha liked Canberra and Tom answered that Sasha had said that they liked Canberra very much. Victor asked where they were staying and Tom answered that they were staying with a nice family. Victor asked what else Sasha had said. Tom said that Sasha had asked him if he had been to Canberra and that he had said he was very much impressed by the nature of the city. He said that they would be canoeing and camping. Victor said that it was great. Tom said that Sasha had wanted to know when the Olympic Games would be held in Sydney and had asked Tom to give him Victor’s telephone number. 4. 1) Sasha said that Olga had never been to an English speaking country before. 2) Sasha said that they would visit Canberra. 3) Sasha said that Canberra is the capital off Australia. 4) Sasha said that he had been travelling a lot lately. 5) Sasha said that he was thinking of going to Canada. 6) Sasha said that he had never been to Canada. 7) Sasha said that Victor had not lived in Sydney very long. Ijhqlbl_b magZcl_ DZg[_jjZ²klhebpZ:kljZebb DZgv_jjZ²^hfZkljZebckdh]hijZl_evklZb ihkhevklkljZg khk_]hfbjZ MdjZr_gb_f]hjh^Zyey_lkyghh_a^Zgb_iZjeZf_glZhldjulh_ ]hm^A^_kvaZk_^Z_lijZbl_evklhDZg[_jjZlZd`a_ba_kl-

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266. bûkhj_ghZgbc kdhj_ [ueb ^h[Ze_gu b ^jm]b_ bû khj_ghZgbc dexqZy [hdk[hjv[mh[t_^bg_ggu_[hdkb [hjv[mf_lZgb_^bkdZf_lZgb_ dhivyb iju`db êbgmD Hebfibckdbfb]jZf[ueb^h[Ze_gu ]hgdb gZ dhe_kgbpZo aZijy`_gguo q_lujvfy ehrZ^vfb =hgdb gZ dhe_kgbpZo[uebhq_gvihimeyjguDhfZgûba^mobebq_luj_o ehrZ^_ckdZdZebdjm]hih^hjh`d_Fh]ebmqZklhZlvdh- e_kgbpBgh]^Zijhbkoh^bebklhedgh_gbyIha`_[ueb^h[Ze_gu ]hgdbgZehrZ^yo Ih`ZemcklZh[tykgbl_agZq_gb_ij_êh`_gby In the very earlier Olympics the athletes competed only in 200yard VSULQW /DWHU WKH EHJDQWRFRPSHWHLQRWKHU VSRUWV kZfuo jZggbo Hebfibckdbob]jZokihjlkf_gukhj_ghZebkvlhevdh [_]_gZ yj^hIha`_hgbklZebkhj_ghZlvkyb ^jm]bob^ZokihjlZ

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268. 61 gZijZe_gbyoqlh[uh[tyblvgZqZehb]jb ^Zlvkb]gZeaZdhgqblv k_jZkijbb hcgu^hdhgpZB]jKhj_f_ggu_Hebfibckdb_b]ju k__s_ijhh^ylkydZ`^u_q_luj_]h^Zghboij_juZeb b ]h^ZoFbjhufbhcgZfb Ih`ZemcklZh[tykgbl_agZq_gb_ij_^eh`_gby The Games are held then four years pass and then the Games are held DJDLQIjhh^ylkyB]juaZl_fijhoh^blq_luj_]h^Zb aZl_fhiylv ijhh^ylkyB]ju

269. Dh]^Z]j_dhaZh_Zebjbfeyg_hlhjhf_d_^hgZr_c wju gZqZekymiZ^hdB]j ]h^mgZr_cwjubaZglbckdbcbfi_jZlhj Nh_^hkbcaZij_lbeB]juLjb^pZlve_lkimklybfi_jZlhjN_h^h- kbc ijbdZaZe iheghklvx jZajmrblv ojZfu Hebfibb ]h^m Zjo_heh]bghvhldjueb]hjh^ Ih`ZemcklZh[tykgbl_agZq_gb_ij_^eh`_gby 7KHHPSHURUIRUEDGHWRKROGWKH*DPHVBfi_jZlhjaZij_lbeijh- h^blvB]ju

270. ]h^m;ZjhgIv_j^_Dmj[_lZggZibkZeibkvfZ kihjlb- gu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb k_o kljZg kh_f ibkvf_ hg hibkZe h[jZahZ- l_evgmx p_gghklv kihjlZ ^ey khj_f_ggh]h q_eh_dZ hkghZggmx gZ b^_ZeZo ]j_dh Z ]h^u kimkly ijhreb i_ju_ Hebfibckdb_ B]ju DZdukqblZ_l_bf__lebkihjlh[jZahZl_evgmxp_gghklv Ih`ZemcklZh[tykgbl_ihq_fm I think that there is educational value in sport. Sport teaches people discipline. It makes a character stronger. Sportsmen learn to lose with GLJQLW Y kqblZx qlh kihjl_ _klv h[jZahZl_evgmx p_gghklv Kihjlmqblex^_c^bkpbiebg_HgaZdZey_loZjZdl_jKihjlkf_gu mqZlkyijhb]juZlvk ^hklhbgklhf

271. khj_f_gguo Hebfibckdbo b]jZo kihjlkf_gu fZjrbjmxl iZjZ^_gZ hldjulbb B]j I_j_^ iZjZ^hf aZ`b]Z_lky nZd_e IeZfy nZd_eZijbghkblkyk f_klZ]^_gZoh^beZkvHebfibyLZf_]haZ`b- ]Z_lhlemq_ckhegpZb wklZn_lhcijbghkyl ]hjh^ dhlhjhfijh- h^ylkyB]ju Ih`ZemcklZh[tykgbl_agZq_gb_ij_^eh`_gby The flame to light the torch is carried from the place where Olympia KDGEHHQEWKHUHODUXQQHUVIeZfy^eynZd_eZijbghkblkyk f_klZ ]^_gZoh^beZkvHebfibywklZn_lhc[_]mgh

272. JhkkbygZqZeZijbgbfZlvmqZklb_ HebfibckdboB]jZo ]h^mK l_oihjJhkkbyfgh]hjZaub]juZeZahehlu_k_j_[jygu_b [jhgahu_f_^Zeb ]h^mHebfibckdb_B]juijhh^bebkv Fhkd_

273. 62 Ih`ZemcklZ jZkiheh`bl_ bklhjbx Hebfibckdbo B]j ih j_f_gghcrdZe_ 766 B.C. The first Olympic Games were held. 2 B.C. The decline of the Games began because the Greeks were conquered by the Romans. 393 A.D. The Olympic Games were banned by the emperor Theodosius 1. 1875 — Archaeologists rediscovered Olympia. 1894 — Baron Pierre de Coubertin wrote a letter to all the athletic organizations. 1896 The first modern Olympic Games took place. 1916 The Olympics were not held because of the World War I. 1940 The Olympics were not held because of the World War II. 1944 The Olympics were not held because of the World War II. 1952 — Russia joined the Olympics. 1980 The twenty-second Olympic games were held in Moscow. Ih`ZemcklZhl_lvl_gZhijhku

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275. Dh]^ZB]ju[uebaZij_s_gu 7KH*DPHVZHUHEDQQHGLQ$'B]ju[uebaZij_s_gu ]h^mgZr_cwju

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277. .h]^Z [ueb ijh_^_gu i_ju_ khj_f_ggu_ Hebfibckdb_ B]ju The first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896, two years after 3LHUUHGHRXEHUWLQ¶VOHWWHUi_ju_khj_f_ggu_Hebfibckdb_B]ju [uebijh_^_gu ]h^mq_j_a^Z]h^Zihke_ibkvfZIv_jZ^_ Dm[_jlZgZ

278. Ihq_fmHebfibckdb_B]juklZebkbfhehffbjZb ^jm`[u The Olympic Games are the symbol of peace and friendship because sportsmen from all the countries of the world come to take part in it. Hebfibckdb_B]jZyeyxlkykbfhehffbjZb ^jm`[uihlhfmqlh kihjlkf_guk_okljZgfbjZijb_a`Zxlkhj_ghZlvkygZgbo

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280. 63 Kvxa_g=jwfkjZkkdZauZ_lh[HebfibckdboB]jZo]h- ^Z Kb^g__ Kb^g__klZj_cr_fb kZfhf[hevrhf]hjh^_:kljZebb[m^ml ijhh^blvkyB]juHebfibZû B]ju[m^mlijhh^blvky[he__^g_ck P_j_fhgbbhldjulby iylgbpmk_gly[jy]h^Z^hp_j_fhgbbAZdjulby hkdj_k_- gv_hdly[jy Wlh [m^_l lhjhc jZa dh]^Z B]ju ijhh^ylky :kljZebb ]h^m B]ju ijhh^bebkv F_ev[mjg_ klhebp_ rlZlZ bdlh- jbyHgbklZebba_klgudZd^jm`_kdb_b]ju M :kljZebb êbl_evgZy kyav k Hebfibckdbfb B]jZfb HgZ ijbgbfZeZmqZklb_ B]jZo]h^Z :nbgZob hgZyey_lkyh^- ghcbag_fgh]bokljZgdhlhjZyk l_oihjmqZklhZeZhk_oB]jZo HgZlZd`_ihklhygghub]juZ_lf_^ZebgZB]jZo ;Zjk_ehg_ ]h^m :leZgl_ ]h^m:kljZeby[ueZlj_lv_c ihdhebq_klmk_of_^Ze_cb ahehluof_^Ze_c B]ju]h^Z Kb^g__b IZjZebfibckdb_B]juêybgZeb- ^hdhlhju_[m^mlijhh^blvkyihke_gboihemqbeb[hevrmxh[- s_kl_ggmxih^^_j`dmZkljZebcp_iheh`bl_evghhlg_kebkvd aZyd_Kb^g_ygZB]jub [he__^h[jhhevp_ij_êh`beb khbmkem]b lhj_fy Iheblbq_kdb_ijhbah^kl_ggu_b h[s_kl_ggu_h[t_^bg_gby khh[s_klZZ[hjb]_ghhj]ZgbaZpbbihaZsbl_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_û b rdhevgbdb k wglmabZafhf ih^^_j`Zeb aZydm Kb^g_y b ijh^he- `Zxlih^^_j`bZlv Ke_^mxsb_klZlbklbq_kdb_^Zggu_ihdZauZxlaZ^ZqmKb^g_y H`b^Z_lkyqlh[m^mlmqZklhZlvkljZg LZf[m^mlijbkmlklhZlvkihjlkf_ghb hnbpbZev- guoebp fbeebZj^hl_e_ajbl_e_c[m^mlkfhlj_lvB]juhk_ffbj_ ^h[jhhevp_[m^mlmqZklhZlv ij_^klZe_gbb ij_^klZbl_e_ckj_^klfZkkhhcbgnhjfZpbb[m^mlhk- _sZlvwlhkh[ulb_ ijh]jZff_ hebfibckdbo B]j ]h^Z b^h kihjlZ hl klj_ev[ubaemdZ^hih^gylbyly`_kl_cKhj_ghZgbyihljbZlehgm b lZcdhg^h[m^mlijhh^blvky i_jucjZa Kb^g__Kms_klm_l fgh]hihimeyjguob^hkihjlZ :kljZebblZdbodZdnml[heih ZkljZebckdbfijZbeZfeb]Zj_][bb djbd_ldhlhju_g_yeyxlky Hebfibckdbfb b^ZfbkihjlZb g_[m^mldexq_gu ijh]jZffm ihlhfmqlh gbob]jZ_lg_^hklZlhqgh_dhebq_klhkljZg Hebfibckdb_B]ju]h^Z[m^mlijhh^blvky ^mohkghguo ahgZoHebfibckdbciZjdKb^g_yb AhgZ=ZZgbKb^g_ydhlhju_gZ-

281. 64 oh^ylkygZjZkklhygbbdbehf_ljh^jm]hl^jm]Zb kh_^bg_gu^hjh- ]hc`_e_aghc^hjh]hcb h^gufbljZgkihjlgufbkj_^klZfb Lhevdhklj_ev[Zkhj_ghZgb_gZdZghw]j_[ey]hgdbgZ]hjguo _ehkbi_^Zob dhgguckihjl[m^mlijhh^blvkyg_ wlboahgZo HebfibckdbciZjdKb^g_y Ohmf[mrkljhblkygZa_fe_dhlhjZy [ueZijhfure_ggufjZchghfb h[ghe_gb_dhlhjhckqblZ_lky[hev- rhcih[_^hcKb^g_y h[eZklbhdjm`Zxs_ckj_ûA^_kv[m^_lf_klh êy Hebfibckdh]h klZ^bhgZ dhlhjuc ij_^hklZbl f_klZ êy ajbl_e_cb Kihjlbghc_j_gbdhlhjZyi_ju_f_klblk_o 000 hebfibckdbokihjlkf_ghb hnbpbZevguoebpdhfZg^ uihegyyh[yaZl_evklZKb^g_y hlghr_gbbhdjm`Zxs_ckj_û f_kl_ijh_^_gbykhj_ghZgbc b ij_^klZe_gby KihjlbgZy_- j_gy ihklZbl h[jZa_p êy [m^ms_]h kljhbl_evklZ Hkh[_gghklb dexqZxl^baZcg hkijbgbfZxsbc kheg_qguc k_l ^g_gh_ hk_- s_gb_gZmebpZobkihevahZgb_ih^^Zxsbckylhjbqghci_j_jZ[hl- d_ b i_j_jZ[hlZgguo fZl_jbZeh dh]^Z wlh hafh`gh i_j_jZ[hldZ bkihevahZgghc hû b fZdkbfZevgh_ bkihevahZgb_ h[hjm^hZgby ]hjh^kdh]hljZgkihjlZQlhZ`ghwlh^ZklHebfibckdbfkihjlkf_- gZfqmklh©k_fvbª khhl_lklbbk Hebfibckdbfbb^_ZeZfb©kha- ^ZZlvfbjhex[bucb emqrbcfbjq_j_akihjlª k_ `bl_eb Kb^g_y bae_dml ihevam hl ijh^he`bl_evgh]h gZ- ke_^byB]jkRkihjlbgufh[hjm^hZgb_ffbjhh]hdeZkkZ Hebfibckdb_ B]ju ]h^Z ijhh^ylky aZ ]h^ ^h klhe_lg_c ]h^hsbgu ihîbkZgby ^_deZjZpbb :kljZebb dh]^Z r_klv hl- ^_evguodhehgbch[t_^bgbebkvqlh[uklZlv_^bgufgZjh^hf K_jbyn_klbZe_cij_^r_klmxsboB]jZfjZkkdZ`mlh[ bklh- jbbjZablby:kljZebbkljZguk [hevrbfjZaghh[jZab_fdmevlmj DmevlmjgZy HebfibZ^Z gZqg_lky k ©N_klbZey F_qlZ- gbcª ijZa^ghZgby lma_fghc dmevlmju hkh[_ggh ZkljZebckdbo Z[hjb]_ghb hkljhblygLhjj_khZijhebZ GZ ke_^mxsbc ]h^ l_fZ [m^_l ©Baf_g_gb_ Fhjyª ijZa^gmy deZ^b bkke_^hZgb_b bffb]jZpbx ]h^m:kljZeby^hg_k_lkhxdmevlmjmf_`^mgZjh^ghfm khh[s_klmk ijh]jZffhcih^gZaZgb_f©MklZgZebZydhglZdlk fbjhfª dh]^Z ZkljZebckdb_ Zjlbklu b bkihegbl_eb ihagZdhfyl ^jm]b_gZjhûk [h]Zlklhfb jZaghh[jZab_fZkljZebckdh]hdmev- lmjgh]hgZke_^by ]h^maZq_luj_f_kypZ^hB]j©N_klbZev;molZ@bagbª ij_^klZblKb^g_yghu_jZ[hluuklZdbb ij_^klZe_gby_^m- sboZkljZebckdbob f_`^mgZjh^guoZjlbklh Hj]ZgbaZpbhggucDhfbl_lKb^g_yihHebfibckdbfB]jZfih- kueZ_l emqrb_ ih`_eZgby klm^_glZf Jhkkbb Fu gZ^__fky qlh

282. 65 g_dhlhju_ ba Zk kfh]ml ijb_oZlv :kljZebx _keb g_ gZ B]ju ]h^Z Kb^g__lhdh]^Zgb[m^v [m^ms_f Ij_^klZvl_qlhuj_ihjl_jdhlhjuckh[jZebgnhjfZ- pbx h[ Hebfibckdbo b]jZo ]h^Z JZkkdZ`bl_ h^ghdeZkk- gbdZf qZklv lh]h h q_f u magZeb Ih`ZemcklZ bkihevamcl_ dhk_ggmxj_qv I was told that there would be 27 sports on the programme of the 200 Olympic Games ranging from Archery to weightlifting. Triathlon and Taekwondo would be contested for the first time. Some of the sports popular in Australia, such as Australian rules football, Rugby League and cricket would not be included in the programme as they were not played LQDVLJQLILFDQW QXPEHU RI FRXQWULHV Fg_ kdZaZeb qlh ijh]jZff_ hebfibckdboB]j[m^_l]h^Zb^hkihjlZhlklj_ev[uba emdZ^hih^gylbyly`_kl_cKhj_ghZgbyihljbZlehgmb lZcdhg- ^h[m^mlijhh^blvky i_jucjZa Kb^g__G_dhlhju_ihimeyj- gu_ :kljZebbb^ukihjlZlZdb_dZdnml[heihZkljZebckdbf ijZbeZfeb]Zj_][bb djbd_lg_[m^mldexq_gu ijh]jZffmih- lhfmqlh gbob]jZ_lg_^hklZlhqgh_dhebq_klhkljZg

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284. A member of the Sydney organizing Committee for the Olympic Games told me that Sydney Olympic park at Homebush was being built on former industrial land the rehabilitation of which was seen as a major environmental triumph for Sydney. I was told that it would be the site of WKH2OPSLF6WDGLXPDQGWKHDWKOHWHV¶9LOODJHQe_gHj]ZgbaZpbhggh- ]hDhfbl_lZKb^g_yihHebfibckdbfB]jZfkdZaZefg_qlhHebf- ibckdbciZjdKb^g_y Ohmf[mrkljhblkygZa_fe_dhlhjZy[ueZ ijhfure_ggufjZchghfb h[ghe_gb_dhlhjhckqblZ_lky[hevrhc ih[_^hc Kb^g_y h[eZklb hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u A^_kv [m^_l f_klh ^eyHebfibckdh]hklZ^bhgZb Kihjlbghc_j_gb

285. A member of the Sydney organizing Committee for the Olympic Games told me that a series of festivals would be held in the years leading up to the Games. They would tell the story of Australia’s PXOWLFXOWXUDO GHYHORSPHQW Qe_g Hj]ZgbaZpbhggh]h Dhfbl_lZ Kb^- g_yihHebfibckdbfB]jZfkdZaZefg_qlh[m^_lijh_^_gZk_jby n_klbZe_c ij_^r_klmxsbo B]jZf Hgb jZkkdZ`ml h[ bklhjbb jZablby:kljZebbkljZguk [hevrbfjZaghh[jZab_fdmevlmj

286. 66 Ij_^klZvl_qlhu²j_ihjl_j_s_jZaKh[_jbl_bgnhj- fZpbxh[ HebfibckdboB]jZo Zr_ckljZg_bebkh[_jbl_bg- nhjfZpbxh[ ba_klghfkihjlkf_g_ Zr_ckljZg_JZkkdZ`bl_ h^ghdeZkkgbdZfqlhumagZebbkihevamydhk_ggmxj_qv The Olympic Games — Moscow 1980. The Olympic Games of 1980 were held in Moscow. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 led to the largest boycott in the history of the Olympic movement. U.S. president Jimmy Carter took the lead in the call for a boycott of the 1980 Olympics, and approximately 60 other nations joined the Americans in staying away from Moscow. The level of competition clearly suffered from the boycott. The Soviet team won 80 gold medals and 195 medals in all in the most lopsided final tally since the U.S. domination of the 1904 Games. The track-and- field competition saw several disappointing times. The 800 and 1,500- metre runs boasted the world's two best performers, Steve Ovett and Sebastian Coe, both of Great Britain. Although Ovett won the 800-metre run and Coe the 1,500-metre, both races were characterized by overly cautious running and unimpressive times. The 5,000 and 10,000-metre runs were won by Miruts Yifter of Ethiopia. The East German women dominated the swimming as they had in 1976, capturing 11 of the 13 gold medals. The Soviet men, led by Vladimir Salnikov, won seven events. eybgnhjfZpbb DZlZgb_gZev^m uex[bl_dZlZlvkygZdhgvdZo DZlZgb_gZev^m²aZf_qZl_evgucb^kihjlZWlh_k_ehb wlh ihe_agh^eygh] Kms_klm_lljbb^ZdZlZgby gZev^mkdhjhklghc[_]gZdhgv- dZonb]mjgh_dZlZgb_b lZgpugZev^m Zlu I_juc dZlhd [ue hldjul P_gljZevghf IZjd_ Gvx Chjd_ Nb]mjgh_dZlZgb_klZghblkyHebfibckdbfb^hfkihjlZ Kdhjhklghc [_] gZ dhgvdZo klZghblky Hebfibckdbf b- ^hfkihjlZ GZklhevgucl_ggbk Zf gjZblky gZklhevguc l_ggbk Wlh hq_gv ihimeyjgZy b]jZ GZ kZfhf ^_e_ gZklhevguc l_ggbk b]jZ_l [hevr_ ex^_c q_f ex[mx^jm]mxb]jm G_kdhevdhnZdlh GZklhevgucl_ggbkklZghblkyHebfibckdbfb^hfkihjlZ Fyqfh`_l[ulv`_elufbeb[_eufHg_kbl]jZff

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291. Dlhyey_lkyiehobfkihjlkf_ghf A bad sport is a person who make losing or winning miserable for everyone. He cheats, purposely fouls someone and gets angry with the XPSLUHIehohckihjlkf_g²wlhlhldlhfh`_lij_jZlblvijhb]- jurbebih[_^m g_kqZklv_^eyk_oWlhlZd`_lhldlh`mevgbqZ_l mfure_gghb]jZ_lg_ihijZbeZfb aeblkygZkihjlbgh]hkm^vx

292. GZkdhevdh^eyZkZ`ghub]jZlv It is important, that can’t be argued. But it seems to me that it’s more important not to win but to participate and to do your best. I also think that though losses are unpleasant they make you want to practice more DQGWRLPSURYHWlhZ`ghk wlbfg_ihkihjbrvGhfg_dZ`_lky qlhZ`g__g_ub]jZlvZ mqZklhZlvb ueh`blvkygZihegmxY lZd`_kqblZxqlhohlyijhb]jurbb g_ijbylguHgbklbfmebjmxl l_[y[hevr_ijZdlbdhZlvkyb kh_jr_gklhZlvky

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294. Qlhufh`_l_k^_eZlvqlh[uklZlvohjhrbfkihjlkf_ghf I can work hard, I need to learn perseverance and patience, I have to VWULYH IRU P SHUVRQDO EHVW Fg_ gm`gh fgh]h jZ[hlZlv gZmqblvky mihjklmb l_ji_gbxFg_gm`ghklj_fblvky^h[blvkyemqrboj_- amevlZlh

295. 69

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308. Ihq_fmg_dhlhju_ex^bhlghkylkyd `bgg_lZddZdd ^jm- ]bfex^yf Some people treat her differetntly because they don’t understand that GLVDELOLWLVMXVWDFKDUDFWHULVWLFG_dhlhju_ex^bhlghkylkyd g_cg_ lZddZddhk_fihlfmqlhhgbg_ihgbfZxlqlhbgZeb^ghklv² wlhdZdoZjZdl_jbklbdZ

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315. Ih`ZemcklZi_j_qblZcl_klZlvx_s_jZab i_j_ibrbl___ dhk_gghcj_qb]^_hafh`gh The reporter asked Jean Driscoll if people treated her differently. Jean answered that some people did. She said that they thought that because she used a wheelchair her brains didn’t work well. She added that they didn’t understand that disability was like a characteristic. The reporter asked Jean Driscoll how she had started in wheelchair sports. Jean answered that when she had been 15 she had met a guy who played wheelchair football and she had stated playing softball, basketball, tennis and raquetball. The reporter asked Jean Driscoll how much she trained. Jean answered that she trained two to five hours a day, six days a week. She added that she lifted weights and pushed 130 or 150 miles a week. The reporter asked Jean Driscoll in which events she would be competing in the Olympics and the Paralym0pics. Jean answered that she would compete in the 800 meter event in Olympics. In Paralympics she would race in 1500-meter, 5000-meter and 10000-meter and the marathon. The reporter asked Jean Driscoll what message she would like to tell. Jean answered that people thought that if a person was successful, he had been born that way. She said that if one shot for the moon, even if one didn’t make it, one would still land among the stars. EZdeZg`hgk Ih`ZemcklZ ijhqlbl_ ke_^mxsbc l_dkl Ihke_ ijhql_gby hh[jZabl_ qlh u ² j_ihjl_j b bkihevamcl_ bgnhjfZpbx qlh[ugZibkZlvhh[jZ`Z_fh_bgl_jvxEZdeZgZ`hgkZ ey hlpZ jh`^_gb_ i_jh]h j_[_gdZ k_]^Z ihegh gZ^_`^ Hg fh`_laZohl_lvkugZZ jh^blky^hqvhgfh`_laZohl_lvZjlbklZZ

316. 72 ihemqblkyh^bl_ev]jmahbdZbebhgfh`_laZohl_lvahehlh]hf_- ^ZebklZZ mj_[_gdZ[m^_lp_j_[jZevguciZjZebq fZjl_]h^Z`bagv=j_]]Z`hgkZbaf_gbeZkvgZk_]^Zhg klhedgmekyk h^gbfbakZfuokeh`guobkiulZgbc `bagb?]hkug jh^bekyke_iufb kp_j_[jZevgufiZjZebqhf?]hbfyEZdeZg hajZkl_e_lhl_pih_e_]hgZ^jm`_kdb_khj_ghZgbyih [_]mWlhlihohîj_jZlbeky klj_fe_gb_d f_ql_d f_ql_klZlv emqrbf K_]h^gyEZdeZg²ahehlhcf_^ZebkliZjZebfib_pHgub]jZe f_^ZevgZIZjZebfibckdboB]jZo :leZgl_HgmklZghbej_dhjû khj_ghZgbyo bgZeb^guodheykdZohl^hf_ljhb hg yey_lkyq_fibhghf:kljZebbihih^gylbxly`_kl_c _khhcdZ- l_]hjbb^hdbeh]jZff hajZkl_e_lm EZdeZgZ_klvkihkh[ghklbb gZf_j_gbykha- ^Zlvêyk_[y^he]hkjhqgh_[m^ms__ kihjl_b [m^_lkhj_ghZlvky lZdqZklhdZdlhevdhfh`gh :kljZebbHglZd`_ohq_lk^_eZlv dZjv_jm kihjlbghcbg^mkljbbnblg_kZb gZqg_l ihk_sZlv ih^- oh^ysb_dmjk_gZke_^mxsbc]hÊZdeZgihybekygZgZpbhgZev- ghfb f_klghfl_e_b^_gbb F_ev[mjg_ij_^klZeyykihjlb hl- ûoêybgZeb^hHghq_gvaZbgl_j_khZg jZablbbkihjlbguo khhjm`_gbcêybgZeb^hHg[uohl_eklZlvbgkljmdlhjhfkihj- lbgh]haZeZêykihjlkf_ghbgZeb^hHgk g_l_ji_gb_fh`b^Z- _lwlboghu_hafh`ghklblZd`_dZdb Hebfibckdb_B]ju ]h^Z Kb^g__ Interviewer: When did you decide to take up sport? Lachlan: Once my father took me to a fun run and after that I decided to be the best. I: What medals and records do you have? L.J. :I won a Gold medal at Atlantic Paralympics. I hold all the records from 100 metres through to 800 metres in Wheelchair Track competition. I am the Australian Powerlift Champion in the 52 kg division. I: What are your plans for the future? L.J. I want to pursue a career in the fitness industry. I will begin studying the courses next year. I’m keenly interested in the development of sport and facilities for the disabled and I want to become a gym instructor for the disabled sportsmen. WlhhljuhdbaklZlvbDZjhebguH_jbg]lhggZibkZgghcb EZdeZg_`hgk_hj_fyIZjZebfibckdboB]j :leZgl_Ih- `ZemcklZijhqlbl__]hb ihkqblZcl_kdhevdhjZabkihevahZgZ dhk_ggZyj_qv F_ev[mjgkdbcmqZklgbdkhj_ghZgbcgZbgZeb^guodheykdZo EZdeZ_`hgkmklZghbeq_jZfbjhhcj_dhj^ fm`kdbokhj_gh- ZgbyogZf_ljhb klZeiZjZebfibckdbfq_fibhghf

317. 73 `hgk m dhlhjh]h p_j_[jZevguc iZjZebq kdZaZe qlh hg g_ g_jgbqZ_lohly_]hhl_p=j_]]`hgkkdZaZeqlhebqgh_]hk_]h ljyk_l ©G_lª kdZaZe `hgk ©wlh k_]h ebrv _s_ h^gh khj_ghZgb_ êyf_gyY ]hhjbewlhk_[_B wlhihfh]ehª ?]hieZgih_]hkehZf[ue_oZlvdZdfh`gh[uklj__k kZfh]h gZqZeZ IhkjZg_gbxk ^jm]bfbkhj_ghZgbyfbIZjZebfibckdb_B]ju [ueb^hhevghe_]dbfbihlhfmqlhg_gm`gh[uehihhjZqbZlv `hgkkdZaZeqlhhgub]jZewlmf_^Zevêykh_]hmqbl_ey rdhe_ LZd`_q_jZ e_]dhcZle_lbd_DZljbgZMw[[m dhlhjhclZd`_p_- j_[jZevguciZjZebqub]jZeZk_j_[jygmxf_^Zev iju`d_ êbgm ©Y k_kbeZgZijZbeZgZwlhihlhfmqlhagZeZqlh_keby wlh]h g_k^_eZxm f_gyg_[m^_lrZgkZihemqblvahehlhghy ueh`beZkv gZihegmxb aZh_ZeZk_j_[jygmxf_^Zevª Mw[[kdZaZeZqlhhgZ lj_gbjhZeZkv d iju`dZf êbgm k_]h q_luj_f_kypZ l_q_gb_wlbo^mo^g_cIZjZebfibckdboB]j:kljZeby_^_l ihdhebq_klmf_^Ze_ck k_fvxahehlufbf_^Zeyfb Reported speech is used 6 times. IjZdlbdm_fkykemrZlv Ih`ZemcklZijhkemrZcl_ke_^mxsbc^hdeZÂZl_fhl_lvl_ gZhijhku GZqgbl_dZ`ûchl_lk wlbokehZBkihevamcl_dhk_ggmx j_qv

318. DZdhc]hjh^[ueu[jZg^eyijh_^_gbyHebfibckdboB]j ]h^m Mrs. Graham said that Sydney had been chosen tom host the Olympic *DPHVRIFbkkbk=jwfkdZaZeZqlhKb^g_c[ueu[jZg^ey ijh_^_gbyHebfibckdboB]j ]h^m

319. DZd^he]h:kljZebymqZklhZeZ HebfibckdboB]jZo Mrs. Graham said that Australia has participated in the Olympic *DPHVVLQFHFbkkbk=jwfkdZaZeZqlh:kljZebymqZklhZeZ HebfibckdboB]jZok ]h^Z

320. =^_[uebijh_^_guB]ju ]h^m Mrs. Graham said that The Games were held in Melbourne in 1956. Fbkkbk=jwfkdZaZeZqlhB]juijhh^bebkv F_ev[mjg_ ]h^m

321. Dhfmijbg_kmlihevamkihjlbgu_khhjm`_gbydhlhju_kljh- ylky^eyHebfibckdboB]j

322. 74 Mrs. Graham said that all of Sydney’s citizens would benefit from the IDFLOLWLHVFbkkbk=jwfkdZaZeZqlhkihjlbgu_khhjm`_gbyijbg_- kmlihevamk_f`bl_eyfKb^g_y

323. CHAPTER 5. BD:YIJBJH::KLJ:EBB P_gghklv`bagbg_ êbg_^g_c, Z iheva_, dhlhjmxfubagbobae_dZ_f Fhgl_cg IjZdlbdm_fky]hhjblv KZrZb HeyieZgbjmxlihoh^ ahhiZjdIh`ZemcklZijhqlbl_ ke_^mxsb_^bZeh]bkemoaZl_fjZau]jZcl_bok h^ghdeZkkgbdZfb H[jZsZcl_ hkh[h_ gbfZgb_ gZ mihlj_[e_gb_ khkeZ]Zl_evgh]h gZ- dehg_gbyIhke_ijhql_gbyuihegbl_mijZ`g_gby H[jZlgh Kb^g_cIhoh^ ahhiZjd LhfOhjhrhqlhu_jgmebkv Kb^g_c Hev]ZIjbylgh_jgmlvkykx^Z LhfDZdZfihgjZbebkvF_ev[mjgb DZg[_jjZ KZrZHq_gvihgjZbebkvD kh`Ze_gbxgZfhklZehkvk_]hg_- kdhevdh^g_c :kljZebb LhfOhl_ehkv[uqlh[uuhklZebkvih^hevr_ Hev]ZGZflh`_?keb[ulu[uegZgZr_ff_kl_b ml_[yhklZ- Zehkv[uk_]hg_kdhevdh^g_c :kljZebbq_f[uluaZgyeky LhfGZZr_ff_kl_y [uihk_lbeahhiZjdLZjhg]Za^_kv Kb^g__ KZrZLubf__rv b^mihkfhlj_lvgZZkljZebckdbo`bhlguo LhfZghahhiZjdbg_lhevdhihdZauZxl`bhlguoHgblZd- `_mqZklmxl khojZg_gbb^bdhcijbjhûlh_klvhgbaZsbsZxl `bhlguoih^_j`_gguohiZkghklb Hev]ZQlhagZqbl©ih^_j`_gguohiZkghklbª Lhf @bhlgh_ ih^_j]Zxsb_ky hiZkghklb wlh `bhlgu_ dh- lhju_fh]mluf_j_lv?kebbog_aZsbsZlv KZrZ: q_f_s_aZgbfZxlkyahhiZjdb LhfHgbh[_ki_qbZxl_l_jbgZjgh_gZ[ex^_gb_aZ[hevgufb jZg_ggufb `bhlgufb b hkbjhl_rbfb fZeurZfb dhlhjuo ijb- hayl ahhiZjd Hev]ZHgbhklZeyxl `bhlguo ahhiZjd_ ihke_ lh]h dZd l_ ihijZeyxlky LhfG_lH[uqgh`bhlguohlimkdZxl bo_kl_kl_ggmxkj_^m h[blZgby KZrZLuqZklhoh^brv ahhiZjd LhfZDZ`ûc]h^y oh`mlm^ZkhkhbfdeZkkhf ahhiZjd_ _klvh[jZahZl_evgucp_gljdhlhjuchj]Zgbam_lbablurdhevgb-

324. 75 dhFuoh^bf gZwdkdmjkbx ih ahhiZjdm b ijbgbfZ_f mqZklb_ jZaebqguof_jhijbylbyoDZ`^uc]h^fumagZ_fqlhlhghh_Fg_ lZd`_gjZblkykZfhfmoh^blv ahhiZjd?kebohlbl_y kh`mZk ahhiZjd Hev]ZWlh[ueh[uaZf_qZl_evghY [uohl_eZmb^_lvd_g]mjm dh]^Zfu[m^_flZfFumagZebQlhkms_klm_lb^hd_g]mjm G_dhlhju_jZaf_jhfk q_eh_dZZ g_dhlhju_fZe_gvdb_dZddhrdZ KZrZ: ]^__s_fh`ghmb^_lv^bdmxijbjh^m:kljZebb Lhf :kljZebb fgh]h gZpbhgZevguo iZjdh ]^_ aZsbsZxl `bmxijbjh^mGZpbhgZevgucIZjdDZdZ^m²kZfuc[hevrhcgZ- pbhgZevguc iZjd :kljZebb ?keb u ihc^_l_ lm^Z u mb^bl_ [hevrh_ jZaghh[jZab_ jZkl_gbc b `bhlguo Fgh]b_ ba wlbo `b- hlguob jZkl_gbcklj_qZxlkylhevdh :kljZebb?s_h^ghbg- l_j_kgh_ f_klh ² wlh Fhjkdhc IZjd ;hevrh]h ;Zjv_jgh]h jbnZ LZf`bmlb^hju[u Hev]Z?keb[ufuagZebqlh :kljZebbklj_qZ_lkyklhevdh jZkl_gbcb `bhlguofu[ujZgvr_koh^beb ahhiZjd GZc^bl_b i_j__^bl_khkeZ]Zl_evgh_gZdehg_gb_dZdhgh klj_qZ_lky l_dkl_ , ZLVK RX FRXOG VWD ORQJHU Ohl_ehkv [u qlh[u u hklZebkv ih- ^hevr_ ,IRXZHUHXVDQGRXRQOKDGDIHZGDVOHIWZKDWZRXOGRXGR?k- eb[ulu[uegZgZr_ff_kl_b ml_[yhklZZehkv[uk_]hg_kdhevdh ^g_c :kljZebbq_f[uluaZgyeky ,I,ZHUHRX,ZRXOGYLVLWWKH7DURQJD=RRKHUHLQ6GQHGZZr_f f_kl_y [uihk_lbeahhiZjdLZjhg]Za^_kv Kb^g__ ,IRX¶GOLNH,¶OOWDNHRXRQDWRXURIWKH]RR?kebohlbl_y kh`mZk ahhiZjd 7KDWZRXOGEHJUHDWWlh[ueh[uaZf_qZl_evgh ,ZRXOGOLNHWRVHHVRPHNDQJDURRVZKHQZHJRWKHUHY [uohl_eZmb- ^_lvd_g]mjmdh]^Zfu[m^_flZf If we had known there were so many plants and animals that can only be IRXQGLQ$XVWUDOLDZHZRXOGKDYHJRQHWRWKH]RRHDUOLHU?keb[ufuagZ- ebqlh :kljZebbklj_qZ_lkyklhevdhjZkl_gbcb `bhlguofu[u jZgvr_koh^beb ahhiZjd Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

325. ?keb[uufh]ebihk_lblvZkljZebxu[uihreb ahhiZjd If I could visit Australia, I would go to the Zoo.

326. ?keb[uu[uebgZf_kl_KZrbb Hev]bb mZkhklZZehkv [uk_]hg_kdhevdh^g_c :kljZebbq_f[uuaZgyebkv If I were Sasha and Olga I would visit the Taronga Zoo in Sydney.

327. AZq_fkms_klmxlahhiZjdb The zoos display animals and they protect endangered animals.

328. 76

329. QlhagZqbl©(QGDQJHUHGª Endangered means an animals that could become extinct if nothing is done to protect it.

330. Qlh ahhiZjd_^_eZxlk `bhlgufbihke_lh]hdZdhgbihijZ- bebkv After animals recovered from sickness they are returned to their natural habitat.

331. DZdqZklhLhfoh^bl ahhiZjd He goes to the zoo every year.

332. Dlhhj]Zgbam_lrdhevgu_ihk_s_gby ahhiZjd The educational center of the zoo organizes school visits.

333. Qlh[uohl_eZmb^_lvHev]Z_kebhgZihreZ ahhiZjd She would like to see some kangaroos when she goes there.

334. Zr_f]hjh^__klvahhiZjd?keb^fh`gheblZfmb^_lv`b- hlguo:kljZebb Yes, there is a zoo in my cisty. You can see kangaroos and koalas there.

335. =^__s_ex^bfh]mlmb^_lv^bdmxijbjh^m:kljZebb People can see wildlife in National Parks.

336. DZdgZauZ_lkykZfuc[hevrhcgZpbhgZevguciZjd:kljZebb Kakadu National Park is the largest one.

337. ?kebulm^Zihc^_l_qlhulZfmb^bl_ If

338. Kdhevdhb^hju[`b_l FhjkdhfIZjd_;hevrh]h;Zjv_j- gh]hjbnZ 1500 species of fish live in Barrier Reef Marine Park.

339. ?keb [u KZrZ b Hev]Z agZeb qlh :kljZebb klj_qZ_lky klhevdhjZkl_gbcb `bhlguoqlh[uhgbk^_eZebjZgvr_ If they had known there were so many plants and animals that can only be found in Australia, they would have gone to the zoo earlier. =jZffZlbdZ 7. I would tell them in a loud voice to keep silence. Yes, I would. I would choose Masha / Sasha. I would go Hawaii to swim and sunbathe. I would choose to be the most athletic. I would but lots of toys for orphans. I would pick 24. It would be about nature. I think that children should not be allowed to watch certain movies and TV shows. They shouldn’t be permitted to see kind movies that would teach them to be devoted to their friends and to do good things.

340. 77 8. If the sun stopped shining everything would die. If the ocean dried up all the fishes would be lost. If there was no more school, people would be uneducated. If I couldn’t laugh, I would be a very sad person. If time stood still, things would stop happening. If dolls came to life, it would be a nightmare. If people were invisible, they would not be able to associate because they would not see each other. If there were no animals, people would be vegetarians. IjhqblZcl_b magZcl_ DZdb_ij_djZkgu_^_j_vy, b gZ_jgydZ, dZdhc`_ijZdjZkghc^he`gZ[ulvlZf`bagv :glhgQ_oh bdZyijbjh^Z:kljZebb :kljZebbihqlbfbeebhgb^hjZkl_gbcb `bhlguoihqlb kZfh_[hevrh_jZaghh[jZab_bak_okljZgfbjZ :kljZebyX`gZy:f_jbdZb :njbdZgZoh^ylkyijb[ebabl_evgh gZl_o`_kZfuorbjhlZob bf_xlijb[ebabl_evghh^bgZdhmx_kl_- kl_ggmxkj_^mB k_`_m gbokh_jr_gghjZagu_b^unZmgu`b- hlguo

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343. 78 dZ dhlhjhchgbghkyl^_l_gur_cklj_qZxlky ZkljZ- ebb b Ghhc =bg__ HklZevgu_ klj_qZxlky X`ghc :f_jbd_ Hkghgu_]jmiiub^hkmfqZluc D_g]mjm Hihkkmfu Iehlhy^gu_kmfqZlu_kmfqZlu_fmjZv_^ukmfqZlu_djhlu dhrdb

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345. Lxe_gb Ihq_fm :kljZebbfgh]hmgbdZevguob^h`bhlguo :kljZeby[ueZbahebjhZgZ^he]h_j_fyihwlhfm[uehfZeh h[f_gZk `bhlguf fbjhf hklZevgh]h fbjZ GZijbf_j :kljZ- ebbg_ldhiulguoohluh^ghZi_jlmjgu_klj_qZxlky :kljZebb b Ghhc=bg__ DebfZl:kljZebbqZklhg_ij_^kdZam_fLZffh`_l[ulv^he]bc i_jbh^aZkmobgZh^g_gbyb ih`ZjuLZdb_ijh[e_fulj_[mxlhkh[hc Z^ZilZpbbGZijbf_jDjZkgucD_g]mjmfh`_lijbhklZgZebZlvjZa- blb_kh_]haZjh^urZ^hl_oihjihdZmkehbyg_memqrZlky p_ehfagZgbch nZmg_:kljZebbfZehKqblZ_lkyqlh :kl- jZebbf_`^mhl^hb^h`bhlguogh^hkboihj lhevdh[uebhibkZgu Ilbpu :kljZebb h]jhfgh_ dhebq_klh b^h ilbp ihqlb ljb jZaZ [hevr_q_f ?jhi_G_dhlhju_boilbp²i_j_e_lgu_iml_r_klmxl f_`^m:kljZeb_cb ^jm]bfbkljZgZfb aZbkbfhklbhlk_ahgZ

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347. Kdhevdhb^hjZkl_gbcb `bhlgucklj_qZxlky :kljZebb

348. 79 Nearly half a million species live in Australia.

349. DZdb_ ^Z dhglbg_glZ gZoh^ylky ijb[ebabl_evgh gZ l_o `_ rbjhlZoqlhb :kljZeby South America and Africa occupy approximately the same range of latitudes.

350. QlhdexqZ_l k_[yl_jfbg©`bhlgh_ The term «animal» includes mammals, insects, reptiles, amphibians and birds.

351. DZdb_ljblbiZfe_dhiblZxsbokms_klm_l The three types of mammals are monotremes, marsupials and placentals.

352. D dZdhfmlbimhlghkblkyq_eh_d Human is a placental.

353. QlhagZqbl_kebilbpZi_j_e_lgZy A migratory bird travels seasonally overseas and back. KehZjv H^ghZi_jlmjgh_kmfqZlh_bebieZp_glZjgh_ Wlbkibkhd`bhlguoklj_qZxsboky :kljZebbJ_rbl_ dZdb_bagboH^ghZi_jlmjgu_kmfqZlu_Z dZdb_ieZp_glZjgu_ Koala-Marsupials; Bat Placentals; Dolphin Placentals; Platypus onotremes; Kangaroo-Marsupials; Seal Placental. Kh_^bgbl_ dZ`^h_ kehh ba _jog_]h jy^Z kh kehhf ba gb`g_]h Fauna — animals; Monotreme — egg; Pouch Marsupials; Bird — parrot; Placental — whale. AZdZlu Ij_djZkgu_aZdZlujZckb_g_[_kZ ?kebijbkemrZlvkyfh`ghmkeurZlv Djbdb`bhlguo Hgbahmlkhbo^hq_j_c Hgbahmlkhbokugh_c B dh]^Zl_keurZlwlhhgb[_]mld fZfZf GZklmiZ_lghqv @bhlgu_]hlhylkydhkgm IjhkuiZxlkykhu HgbgZqbgZxlih^djZ^uZlvky Ijhoh^blfgh]hl_fguoqZkh FZfZijhkuiZ_lkyqlh[ukdZaZlv ©IjhkuiZcl_kvfZe_gvdb_^_l_gurb ]hlhvl_kvd ghhfm^gxª FZjdhEmbk

354. 80 DZjlZahhiZjdZ DZjluih^_j]Z_lkybaf_g_gbyfLZddZdf_klZhev_jh`bhlguo i_jbh^bq_kdbf_gyxlkyKijhkbl_m gZrbo^h[jhhevp_bebkhljm^- gbdhqlh[uZfihfh]ebgZclbgm`gh_gZije_gb_ G_uiheg_gb_ijZbe:dlZKh_lZAhheh]bq_kdboIZjdhfh`_l ijb_klbd m^Ze_gbxq_eh_dZbaahhiZjdZLZjhg]Zb ihke_^mxs_- fmha[m`^_gbx^_eZ Ih`ZemcklZihkfhljbl_gZdZjlmahhiZjdZLZjhg]Zb hl- _lvl_gZhijhkuijb_^_ggu_gb`_

355. ?kebugZoh^bl_kv :njbdZgkdhfIjm^mb ohlbl_ihiZklv L_Zlj Hldjulbc fbfh dZdh]h dbhkdZ u ijhc^_l_ DZdb_ mkem]b ij_^hklZeyxlky wlhfdbhkd_ If you were at African Waterhole and wanted to get to the Discovery Theatre you would pass a safari Kiosk. It is a cafe, you can eat there.

356. ?kebu bgZeb^ghcdheykd_kfh`_l_ebuihk_lblvahh- iZjdLZjhg]Z Yes, people in wheelchairs can visit the Taronga Zoo. There is a wheelchair route going through it.

357. DZdu^mfZ_l_dZdbo`bhlguoumb^bl_gZijh]med_ih :kljZebb You can see kangaroos at the Australia Walkabout.

358. Ijh]medZih:kljZebbjZkiheh`_gZ KgZdZjl_=^_jZk- iheh`_guDhrdb`mg]e_cY L_ZljLxe_g_c

359. ?keb Zf gm`gZ ihfhsv gZoh`^_gbb uoh^Z ba ahhiZjdZ dh]hukijhkbl_ I would ask staff for assistance.

360. dZdh_j_fyijhoh^blihke_^gbcj_c^ha^mrgh]hKZnZjb bû`bhlguo:kljZebbih^_j`_ggu_hiZkghklb Gbdlh gbdh]^Z g_ mb^bl dZd jZckdbc ihim]Zc e_lbl ih g_[m JZckdb_ihim]Zbuf_jebufbjZgb_²wlhgZk_]^Z K ihk_e_gby :kljZebb_jhi_cp_ ]h^mljb^pZlvb^h fe_dhiblZxsbob ilbpb hdhehb^hjZkl_gbcbkq_aeh?s_ b^hfe_dhiblZxsboilbpij_kfudZxsbokyey]mr_db ju[fgh- ]b_ khlgb b^h [_kihahghqguo b b^h jZkl_gbc kqblZxlky hiZkghklbb fh]mluf_j_lv l_q_gb_^_kylb²^Z^pZlbe_l HkghgZy ijbqbgZ bkq_agh_gby ² gZjmr_gb_ _kl_kl_gghc kj_û?kl_kl_ggZykj_^Zkh^_j`blk_qlhgm`gh`bhfmkms_- klm êy u`bZgby ijhkljZgklh k_l h^m ibsm b mdjulb_ JZajmr_gb_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_ûfh`_lijhbahclbdh]^ZjZklbl_ev- ghklv mgbqlh`Zxl êy a_fe_^_eby e_kgh]h ohaycklZ ]hjh^h RZolbeb^hjh]WlhlZd`_fh`_lijhbahclbdh]^ZhkmrZxl[hehlZ bebi_j_djuZxlj_dbêyojZg_gbyhûHdhehiylb^_kylbb^h

361. 81 ij_^klZe_gguo`bhlguo`bml :kljZebbWlb`bhlgu_hoh- lylkygZ^jm]bo`bhlguobebkjZ`ZxlkyaZibsmbebm[_`bs_ K_]h^gyfuemqr_ihgbfZ_f m]jhamgZbkrmx gZ^ gZr_c ^b- dhcijbjh^hcq_fi_ju_ihk_e_gpuB k_`_fukha^Zeb^hihe- gbl_evgu_m]jhaulZdb_dZdjZablb_]hjh^hb ijhfure_gghklb aZ]jyag_gb_b lhj]hex`bhlgufbb f_ohfIhim]Z_gZijbf_j g_e_]ZevghuhaylaZ]jZgbpmQZklhihim]Zbg_fh]mlijbkihkh- [blvkyd ghhchdjm`Zxs_ckj_^_b mfbjZxl Ex^b²_^bgkl_ggu_`bhlgu_kihkh[gu_kiZklbufbjZxsb_ bûGhaZq_fkiZkZlvbû;_ajZaghh[jZabyb^hA_fey[m^_lg_ ]h^guêy`bagbq_eh_dZJZkl_gbyb `bhlgu_ihfh]Zxlih^^_j`b- Zlvobfbq_kdbc[ZeZgkZlfhkn_juE_kZihfh]Zxlih^^_j`bZlvaZ- iZkuhûJZkl_gbyb `bhlgu_ihfh]Zxlkha^ZZlvihqmHgbij_- ^hklZeyxl ibsm b k^_j`bZxl iZjZablh b [he_agb Hgb lZd`_ ij_^hklZeyxlihklhyggucbklhqgbdm^be_gbyb jZ^hklb Ih`ZemcklZHl_lvl_gZwlbhijhku

362. Qlhgm`gh`bhfmkms_klmqlh[uu`blv A living thing needs space, light, water, food and shelter to survive.

363. Qlhyey_lkyhkghghcijbqbghcufbjZgby The main cause of extinction is the destruction of the habitat.

364. Qlhfh`_lihebylvgZijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagb`bhlguob jZkl_gbc

365. Dh]^Z`bhlgh_klZghblkybkq_agmrbf The animal becomes extinct when is can no longer be found in the world.

366. Fh`ghebih_jgmlvbkq_agh_gb_gZaZ^ No, extinction is forever.

367. .Zdb_m]jhaugZbkZxlgZ^gZr_c^bdhcijbjh^hc Our wildlife faces such threats, as urban and industrial development, pollution, and pet and fur trade.

368. Fh`_l_ebuijb_klbijbf_ju`bhlguodhlhju_fh]mlbkq_a- gmlvbaaZdZdhclhq_jludhlhjmxp_gblq_eh_ddeudbf_ojh]Z

369. elephants, turtles, furry animals.

370. (kebex^bg_aZsblylufbjZxsb_b^udlhaZsblbl No one else but people can protect endangered species.

371. ?keb[uufh]ebkiZklbufbjZxsb_bûu[uklZeb Yes, I would. Ihke_^g_]hd_g]mjmZeeZ[bb^_eb ]h^mKqblZ_lkyqlh wlh`bhlgh_uf_jehbaaZjZkqbkldbkj_ûh[blZgbyêyn_jfb kihjlbghchohlu ukhdb_p_guij_êZ]Z_fu_dhee_dpbhg_jZfbba^jm]bokljZg ihhsjyxl dhgljZ[Zg^guo uha fgh]bo mgbdZevguo b jZaghp_l- guoZkljZebckdbo`bhlguolZdbo dZd ihim]Zc k ahehlufb ie_- qZfb

372. 82 FZe_gvdb_djZqdb]g_a^ylkydhehgbyfb^heviey`_c]^_ex^b _a^_oh^gu_fZrbgub kh[Zdbfh]mle_]dhboihlj_h`blv:]_gl- klZihaZsbl_^bdhcijbjhûb ^h[jhhevpuh]jZ`^Zxlf_klZ]^_ ]g_a^ylkyilbpub iZljmebjmxliey`bqlh[uaZsblblvfZe_gvdmx fhjkdmxilbqdm Ihl_jy _kl_kl_gghc kj_û b ju[hehklh mf_gvrbeb qbkeh ju[u j_qghckbkl_f_Fmjj_cZjebg] JZkqbkldZ b uiZk kbevgh mf_gvrbeb dhebq_klh jZkl_gby i_- gbgkmeZ]bg_ygZihemhkljh_?cj X`ghc:kljZebb H^bqZrb_dhrdbklj_qZxlkyihk_c:kljZebbHgbm[bZxl fgh]bo `bhlguo dexqZy fZe_gvdbo fe_dhiblZxsbo ilbp ey- ]mr_dij_kfudZxsbokyb gZk_dhfuoDhrdbm]jh`Zxlihimeypbb [Zg^bdmlZ rlZl_bdlhjby_^bgkl_gghcgZdhglbg_gl_ Ebkbpu qZklbqgh bghZlu mf_gvr_gbb qbke_gghklb [_lhg- ]h ie_cg Zg^_jkh b ^jm]bo a_fe_jhcguo `bhlguo Ebku ij_^klZe_ggu_ ]h^mebkuk_cqZkklj_qZxlkyihk_c:- kljZebb l_ojZchgZo]^_bog_l LZkfZgbbb ljhibq_kdhcqZklb :kljZebbihl_jbfZe_gvdbofe_dhiblZxsbo[uebf_gvr_ Djhebdb [ueb kZfufb jZajmrbl_evgufb ba ijb_a_gguo `b- hlguoHgbklj_qZxlkyhk_oqZklyo:kljZebbdjhf_ljhibq_- kdhcqZklbHgbihklhygghihj_`^Zxlh]jhfgu_kmob_qZklb:- kljZebb qj_af_jguf uiZkhf Kt_^Zy dmkgu_ ljZu hgb lZd`_ kgbfZxldhjmk ^_j_v_ DZd u ^mfZ_l_ dlh beb qlh m]jh`Z_l `bhlguf DZdb_ `bhlgu_gZoh^ylkyih^m]jhahc Zr_ckljZg_ In my country tigers, white bears, and some species of eagles are endangered. :abZlkdbckehg²kehghZydhklvyey_lkyijbqbghclh]hqlhkeh- ghm[bZxlWlhh^bgbafgh]boaZij_s_gguoijh^mdlhba`bhlguo _gp_ghkguc]hem[v²kZfuc[hevrhcbak_f_cklZ]hem[bguo HjZg]mlZg] =jbbkluched²wlhlhedu]ey^bldZd[hevrZydjZkgZyeb- kbpZgZoh^meyo Fbkkbkbikdbc Zeeb]Zlhj ² h^gh j_fy Zeeb]Zlhjh m[bZeb lukyqZfbbaaZbodh`b DZjebdhuc ]biihihlZf ² wlh `bhlgh_ ijhh^bl h^_ f_gvr_j_f_gbq_fh[uqguc]biihihlZf DhZeZ DhZeZ²h^ghbakZfuoba_klguob ex[bfuo`bhlguo :kljZ- ebbDhZeu`bml e_kbkluojZchgZo dhlhjuo_klvihôh^ysZyib- sZHgbhq_gvijb_j_êbu__^hdbiblZxlkyihqlbbkdexqbl_evgh ebklvyfb wdZebilZ DhZeu j_^dh ivxl Hgb ihemqZxl ^hklZlhqgh_ dhebq_klhhûbakh_cebkl_gghc^b_lu

373. 83 ;hevrmxqZklv^gydhZeukiylgZjZabedZo^_j_v_Z i_j_^b]Z- xlkyb iblZxlkyghqvxHgbgZb[he__ZdlbgukjZamihke_aZdZlZ DhZemqZklhg_ijZbevghgZauZxl©f_^_^_fdhZeZªHghh[- s_g_hlghkblkyd k_f_cklmf_^_^_clZddZdwlhkmfhqgh_fe_dh- iblZxs__Z g_ieZp_glZjgh_ Kj_^gyyijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagbdhZeu ^bdhcijbjh^_hdh- ehe_lghba_klgukemqZbDh]^Zhgb`bebe_l g_he_ DZe_g^ZjvkhojZg_gbydhZe fbeebhgudhZe`beb e_kZohklhqghcb x`ghc:kljZebb ;he__fbeebhgZdhZe[uehm[blhbaaZbordmjuaZr_klvf_- kyp_ ;he__^mofbeebhghrdmjdhZe[uehwdkihjlbjhZghba:- kljZebb eZklbihAZsbl_bdhcIjbjhûrlZlZbdlhjbyaZsb- lbebhkljhgu_ihimeypbbdhZe DhZeubkq_aeb X`ghc:kljZebb dhZe[uebm[blu Dbgke_g^_aZh^bgf_kyp eZklbrlZlZbdlhjbyuimklbebdhZegZijb]h^gu_e_k- gu_l_jjblhjbbihf_j_lh]hdZdihimeypbb hkljhghfaZih_^- gbd_m_ebqbebkv DhZeuimklbeb jZchghrlZlZbdlhjby mfZc]eh[Zevgh^_cklmcehdZevgh KiZk_fhdjm`Zxsmxkj_^m G_kdhevdhkh_lhdZdlufh`_rvbaf_gblvkblmZpbx KiZklbhdjm`Zxsmxkj_^mihfh]ml^_cklbydZ`^h]hq_eh_dZ _cklby wlb ijhklu b bo fh`gh [ukljh k^_eZlv Gh k_ f_kl_ hgb ijbg_kml wnn_dlbguc b iheh`bl_evguc deZ^ khojZg_gb_ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_û Kms_klm_l fgh]h _s_c dhlhju_ q_eh_d fh`_lkh_jrZlvdZ`ûc^_gv A^_kvijb_^_gkibkhdkh_lhdZdkgbablvbkihevahZgb_we_d- ljhwg_j]bbdhlhju_bamqZxlmq_gbdb :kljZebb DZdb_ ba gbo ihôh^yl êy f_klZ ]^_ lu `b_rv Qlh ba wlh]hlum`_^_eZ_rv Dh]^Zhafh`ghoh^bl_i_rdhfbeb_a^bl_gZ_ehkbi_^_ udexqZcl_k_lb we_dljhijb[hjudh]^Zubfbg_ihevam_l_kv IjbgbfZcl_^mrf_gvr_j_f_gbqlh[uwdhghfblvh^m IhdmiZcl_ ijh^mdlu i_j_jZ[hlZggu_ gZ lhjkujv_ dhlhju_ fh`ghi_j_jZ[hlZlvgZ^_`gu_ih^^Zxsb_kyj_fhglm^haZijZeyx- sb_kyihlhjghbkihevam_fu_ Ibrbl_gZh[_boklhjhgZoebkldZ GZ^_Zcl_ [hevr_ h^_`û abfhc f_klh lh]h qlh[u dex- qZlvh[h]j_Zl_ev

374. 84 KlZjZcl_kv]hlhblvg_kdhevdh[ex^h^ghj_f_ggh h[bjZcl_kv^hjZ[hlubeb^hrdheuihevamykvh[s_cfZ- rbghcih^h]hhj_gghklb Bkihevamcl_]hjh^kdhc ljZgkihjl beb _ehkbi_^ f_klh fZ- rbgu Oh^bl_ i_rdhf fZ]Zabgu gZoh^ysb_ky ih [ebahklb Z g_ _a^bl_lm^ZgZfZrbg_ I_j_jZ[ZluZcl_fZkehf_lZe[mfZ]mkl_dehb ieZklbd Qbgbl_l_dmsb_djZgu G_hklZeycl_h^ml_qv Bkihevamcl_djm`dbb klZdZguf_klh[mfZ`guoklZdZgqbdh M[_^bl_kvqlh^_jvoheh^bevgbdZohjhrhaZdjulZ Bkihevamcl_[_ev_mx_j_dmZ g_kmrbevgucZiiZjZl IeZgbjmcl_khbih_a^dbqlh[uwdhghfblv[_gabg Bkihevamcl_wg_j]hwnn_dlbgu_we_dljbq_kdb_eZfihqdb G_uebZcl_fZkeh`bjfhehdhbebobfbdZlu jZdhbgm Ihhsjycl_khxrdhemgZiheh`bl_evgh_hlghr_gb_d aZsb- l_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_û Fh`_l_ eb u ijb^mfZlv _s_ dZdb_gb[m^v kihkh[u kh- ojZg_gbywg_j]bb Kha^Zcl_ rdhe_^hkdmh[tye_gbcbeb]Za_lmdhlhjZyijb- e_q_lgbfZgb_d ijh[e_fZfhdjm`Zxs_ckj_û Zr_fjZchg_ ;md_lup_lh Yjdb_ [jhkdb_ klZeb [he__ ihimeyjgu ;he__ fh^gu_ p_lu k_cqZkkh_^bgyxlk [he__klZjufbnZhjblZfbdZdbjbkb ojbaZg- l_fZLxeviZglZd`_hq_gvihimeyjgucp_lhd :kljZebblxev- iZguihyeyxlky i_jbh^k Zij_eyihk_gly[jvbebhdly[jv Yjdh`_elu_hjZg`_u_ b djZkgu_ p_lu qZklh klZyl h^gm dhjabgm]hjrhdbeb [md_lA_e_gZyebklZlZdZydZdebklvywdZ- ebilZ^h[Zey_lkyqlh[ujZa[blvp_l KZfuc ihimeyjguc kihkh[ kh_^bg_gby p_lh ² wlh [md_l Bo fh`gh^_j`Zlv jmd_b hgb^_r_e_q_fp_lu dhjabgZob ]hjrdZo [md_l_fh`_l[ulvg_kdhevdhb^hp_lhbeblhevdhh^bgp_lhd :kljZebcpu h[uqgh ihkueZxl p_lu ih hkh[uf kemqZyf lZ- dbfdZdjh`^_gb_j_[_gdZkZ^v[Z^_gvjh`^_gbyb ihohjhgu :kljZebb_klvki_pbZevguc^_gvk_gly[jydhlhjucgZauZ_lky ©_gvGZjpbkkZªKms_klm_lljZ^bpbyihdmiZlv wlhl^_gv[md_l gZjpbkkh agZdmZ`_gbyd kljZ^ZxsbfhljZdhuoaZ[he_Zgbc k_^hohûhlijh^Z`b^mlgZbkke_^hZgbyjZdZ Ih`ZemcklZhl_lvl_gZwlbhijhku

375. M Zk_klvex[bfucp_lhd My favorite flower is lily.

376. DZdb_p_luihimeyjgu Zr_ckljZg_

377. 85 Chrysanthemum, tulips, irises, daisies, lilies and roses are popular in our country.

378. ?keb[uukhklZeyeb[md_lbajZaguop_lhdZdb_p_lu u[uu[jZeb I would choose roses and lilies. I would also add some green foliage.

379. IhdZdbfkemqZyfZkljZebcpu^Zjylp_luIhdZdbfkemqZ- yfu^Zjbl_p_lu Australians give flowers on the birth of a baby, weddings, birthdays and funerals. I give flowers on birthdays, weddings, birth of a child, moving to a new flat and on different celebrations.

380. Zr_ckljZg__klvhkh[uc^_gvdZd©_gvGZjpbkkZª_keb[u ufh]ebkha^ZlvlZdhc^_gvdhfm[uuhl^Zeb^hohûhlijh^Z` We don’t have such a day, if I could create such a day, I would give all the proceeds to the asylums. ZZcl_ih_k_ebfky Kha^Z^bfijh^mdlug_j_^gu_êyhdjm`Zxs_ckj_û Kha^Zcl_kh[kl_ggucijh^mdlubkihevamyke_^mxsb_j_p_ilu Qbklys__kj_^klh Qlh[ukha^ZlvqbklysmxiZklmihôh^ysmxêyk_oih_jogh- kl_cgZijbf_jkdZf__djZdhbgiebl

381. kf_rZcl_ ^mm]e_dbkeuc gZljbckh^m

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385. 88 juciehohb^blDh]^ZhgZb^_l fma_c_c^ZxlfZl_jbZeudZjlu b bgnhjfZpbxh fma__gZi_qZlZggu_djmigufrjbnlhf KZrZhe`gh[ulvwlhhq_gvihfh]Z_l bdlhj Y kh[bjZxkv ihclb fma_c bkdmkklZ aZljZ Ohlbl_ ihclbkhfghc KZrZDhg_qghGZfgm`gh[ulvm LhfZ^hfZ_q_jhfgh^g_f m gZk_klvkh[h^gh_j_fy bdlhjIj_djZkghFg_lh`_gm`gh[ulv^hfZ_q_jhf Ih`ZemcklZhl_lvl_gZke_^mxsb_hijhku

386. FmaudZb bkdmkklhZ`gZyqZklv`bagb:kljZebb Yes, they are.

387. FmaudZb bkdmkklhZ`gZyqZklvZr_c`bagb Yes, they are.

388. DZdex^bh^_Zxlky^eyihk_s_gbyl_ZljZ :kljZebb People get dressed for the theatre in Australia. Women wear long dresses and men wear tuxedos.

389. Qlhohq_lmb^_lvKZrZ Sasha is eager to see some Aboriginal art.

390. M KZrb b Heb [ue rZgk ihk_lblv GZpbhgZevgmx =Ze_j_x dh]^Zhgb[ueb DZg[_jj_ No, they didn’t.

391. Qlhfh`gh^_eZlv GZpbhgZevghc=Ze_j__ You can watch films and videos about art and artists, study art books in the library and have lunch at the cafe.

392. QlhlZdh_iml_r_klmxsZyuklZdZ A travelling exhibition is a suitcase with different kinds of artwork, which is sent to children who live in remote areas of the country.

393. DZdukqblZ_l_iml_r_klmxsb_uklZdb²wlhohjhrZy b^_yIhq_fm Yes, I think it’s a great idea because children who live in remote areas have no other opportunity to see works of art.

394. DZdb_mkem]bfgh]b_fma_bij_^hklZeyxlbgZeb^Zf Museums have parking areas just for the disabled. There are ramps for people who use wheelchairs. For those who can’t see well large-print material is available.

395. DZdukqblZ_l_wlbmkem]bihfh]Zxl Yes, I think they are helpful. They unable the disabled see artworks.

396. uagZ_l_dh]hgb[m^vdlhbae_d[uihevambalZdbomkem] No, I don’t. =jZffZlbdZ :f_jbdZgkdbcdhee_^`mgb_jkbl_l H[mq_gb_ Zf_jbdZgkdhfdhee_^`_bebmgb_jkbl_l_^eblkyq_lu- j_]h^ZDZ`^uc]h^dexqZ_l k_[y^Zk_f_kljZI_juchk_ggbc

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404. dlhlZdhcEZjjbKblkdbudh]^Zgb[m^vkeurZebh g_f Larry Sitsky is a composer, pianist, musicologist, teacher, lecturer and broadcaster. I have never heard of him.

405. =^_hgjh^beky He was born in Tianjin, China.

406. Ihq_fmihZr_fmfg_gbxhgijb_oZe :kljZebx He came to Australia because there are wider opportunities for a musician.

407. =^_hgmqbeky He studied at the New South Wales Conservatorium of Music, then he studied at the San Fransisco Conservatory.

408. 92

409. he`_gebhg[ueieZlblvaZmq_[m No, he didn’t. He was awarded scholarships.

410. =^_hgjZ[hlZ_l He works at Canberra School of Music.

411. DZdhcfmaudhchgbgl_j_km_lky He is interested in the music of Russian eccentric and problematic composers.

412. DZdhcfmaudhcbgl_j_km_l_kvu I’m interested in jazz and blues.

413. DZdhibkZebb]jmgZnhjl_ibZghKblkdb Sitsky’s piano was described as dark, sinister, uneasy, highly strung and hotly passionate.

414. ukfh`_l_ku]jZlvIj_ex^bx‹ba©_gZ^pZlbFbklb- q_kdboIj_ex^bcªKblkdbQlhuh g_c^mfZ_l_ I can’t even imagine how it may sound. Ih`ZemcklZhij_^_ebl_dh]^Zb dZd l_dkl_bkihevahZ- gu]eZ]heuWREHb WRKDYH +DGJLYHQ²kihfh]Zl_evguc]eZ]he KDGEHJXQkihfh]Zl_evguc]eZ]he KDGH[SHULPHQWHGkihfh]Zl_evguc]eZ]he +DVPDLQWDLQHGkihfh]Zl_evguc]eZ]he +DVEHHQGHVFULEHGkihfh]Zl_evguc]eZ]he :DVJUDQWHGkihfh]Zl_evguc]eZ]he ZDVDSSRLQWHGkihfh]Zl_evguc]eZ]he ZDVkfukehhc]eZ]he LV²kfukehhc]eZ]he Zcl_ibkvf_ggh_bebmklgh_djZldh_baeh`_gb_l_dklZ Larry Sitsky is a famous contemporary musician, composer and teacher. He was born in China and in 1951 he came to Australia. He had given his first concert at the age of 11. In Australia and later in San Francisco he was awarded scholarships. In 1966 he was appointed Head of Keyboard Studies a at the Canberra School of Music and later the Head of Musicology and the Head of Composition studies. He had been interested in Russian Romantic tradition and has maintained this interest. He was the first Australian to visit USSR. He was particularly drawn to the most individual, eccentric and problematic composers. His own music is described as dark, sinister, uneasy and hotly passionate. :kljZebckdbcFheh^_`gucHjd_klj :kljZebckdbc Fheh^_`guc Hjd_klj [ue Z`ghc kbehc fmau- dZevghc`bagbgZpbbh[mqZyemqrbofheh^uofmaudZglh:kljZebb kljh]hklyfijhn_kkbhgZevghc`bagb hjd_klj_ hjd_klj_ihqlb mq_gbdh hajZkl_hl^he_lM hjd_kljZu^ZxsZykyj_imlZpby :kljZebb b h k_f fbj_ Hgb b]jZeb :g]ebb =heeZg^bb Zgbb

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420. Qlhu^mfZ_l_h ©k_fbjgucuahjhdfmaud_ªu[uoh- l_ebijbgylvmqZklb_ dhgdmjk_ I think Rock Global Challenge is a great idea. It is an opportunity for teenagers to associate and to have fun. They can express their creativity. I would like to take part in its competitions.

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423. eyq_]h[uekha^Zg©k_fbjgucuahjhdfmaud_ª It is designed to link teenagers in a commonality of purpose and respect for themselves and for others.

424. Kdhevdhmq_gbdhijbgbfZxlmqZklb_ dhgdmjk_ :kljZebb dZ`^uc]h^ 50000 students compete in Australia each year.

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457. uklZdZDhkfhk Fma__IZmwjoZmkDhkfhgZl=e_gG_c]e ihk_lbefma_c ]h^m

458. Ki_pbZevgh_ f_jhijbylb_ Fma__ IZmwjoZmk dZ`û_ rdhevgu_ dZgbdmeu fma_c ij_êZ]Z_l me_dZl_evgu_ ijh]jZffu êy^_l_cb bok_f_c

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461. P_glj bgnhjfZpbhgguo l_ogheh]bc Fma__ IZmwjoZmk kihgkbjm_lky :c;bWf :kljZeby El^

462. Ihkfhljbl_ gZ deZkkgmx dhfgZlmihbgnhjfZpbhggufl_ogheh]byf Fma__IZmwjoZmk

463. P_glj bgnhjfZpbhgguo l_ogheh]bc Fma__ IZmwjoZmk kihgkbjm_lky:c;bWf:kljZebyEl^

464. mq_gbdbmagZxlh ihke_^- gbol_ogheh]byo h[eZklbkyab 7. P_gljbgnhjfZpbhgguol_ogheh]bc Fma__IZmwjoZmkkihg- kbjm_lky:c;bWf:kljZebyEl^

465. Mq_gbdbba²deZkkhihdZ- auZxlkhb ihke_^gb_jZ[hlu kha^Zggu_ ^_lkdhc dhkfbq_kdhc fZkl_jkdhchj_fyboihk_s_gbyfma_y

466. 102 8. Fma_cIZmwjoZmkMq_gbdb²deZkkhbkihevamxlpbnjh- u_dZf_ju uklZd_DhkfhkJhkkbckdbcemghoh^gZoh^blkygZ aZ^g_fieZg_ 9. P_gljbgnhjfZpbhgguol_ogheh]bc Fma__IZmwjoZmkkihg- kbjm_lky:c;bWf:kljZebyEl^

467. DmjZlhjuklZdbBgnhjfZpb- hggu_l_ogheh]bbk mq_gbdhfkj_^g_crdheu Mkem]bêybgZeb^h Mkem]bêyex^_ck nbabq_kdbfbgZjmr_gbyfb Kms_klm_l ki_pbZevgZy klhygdZ êy bgZeb^h Dhebq_klh f_klh]jZgbq_ghlZdqlhZfgm`ghaZjZg__aZdZaZlvf_klhFukh- _lm_faZdZauZlvf_klhihf_gvr_cf_j_aZ^Z^gy^hihk_s_gby qlh[uba[_`Zlvh]hjq_gby KdZlub ebnlu Fma__IZmwjoZmkhlf_q_gugZdZjl_ Ih`ZemcklZihfgbl_qlhi_j_^b`_gb_ihkdZlZffh`_l[ulv mlhfbl_evgufIhk_lbl_eyfi_j_^b]ZxsbfkygZbgZeb^guodh- eykdZoij_îhqlbl_evg__ihevahZlvkyebnlZfbbebijbclbk ^jm- ]hfk kbevgufbjmdZfb BgZeb^gu_dheykdbfh`ghaylvgZijhdZl hkghghfohee_ Mkem]bêyex^_ck hkeZ[e_ggufkemohf Ihbsbl_ Fma__wlhlagZdHghagZqZ_lqlha^_kvij_êZ]Zxlky mkem]bêyex^_ck hkeZ[e_ggufkemohf Ij_êZ]Zxlkyi_qZlgu_fZl_jbZeu ihê_`Zsb_ hajZlmêy g_- dhlhjuob^_hb Zm^bhaZibk_c^_fhgkljbjmxsboky aZeZouklZdb Mkem]bêyex^_ck hkeZ[e_ggufaj_gb_f Ki_pbZevgu_lmjufh]ml[ulvaZdZaZguêyke_iuoex^_cb ih- k_lbl_e_ck hkeZ[e_ggufaj_gb_fWlblmju^Zxlijhoh^ dhfgh- ]bfwdkihgZlZfg_uklZe_gguf kh[h^ghf^hklmi_ AZdZa^he`_g[ulvijhba_^_gaZjZg__qlh[u]ZjZglbjhZlvj_- a_jbjhZgb_ihf_s_gbc ?kebu q_feb[hg_m_j_gubebohlbl_ihemqblv[hevr_bg- nhjfZpbb h[jZlbl_kv klhe kijZhd AZihfgbl_ kem`Zsb_ a^_kv êylh]hqlh[uihfhqvZf DZjlu k hkyaZ_fuf bah[jZ`_gb_f b g_dhlhju_ fZl_jbZeu gZ- i_qZlZggu_rjbnlhf;jZceybebdjmigufrjbnlhf[uebij_^hk- lZe_guDhjhe_kdbfH[s_klhfKe_iuo Ihc^bl_gZwdkdmjkbxihmjhgxFma_yIZmwjoZmkhc- ^bl_q_j_aoh^khklhygdbêybgZeb^hb ke_^mcl_klj_ehq- dZfihdhfgZlZfk ihH[km^bl_mkem]bij_^hklZey_fu_ g_ lhevdh êy bgZeb^h êy k_o

468. ih f_j_ ijh^b`_gby ih fma_x Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

469. Ihke_ihk_s_gbyfma_yj_rbl_m^h[_gebfma_c^eybgZeb^h Yes, it is.

470. 103

471. MdZaZl_e_c]Zj^_jh[Zb fZ]Zabgukm_gbjhgZdZjl_gHlDZdu ^mfZ_l_]^_hgbgZoh^ylky7KHFORDNURRPLVLQWKHPDLQHQWUDQFHIRHU

472. Fh`_l_ebugZaZlv_s_dZdb_gb[m^vmkem]bg_h[oh^bfu_ bgZeb^Zf

473. Ihkfhljbl_gZaZgbydhfgZlgZmjhg_DZdu^mfZ_l_dZ- db_lZfuklZdb In the first room there might be objects connected with childhood and games. Probably there are toys, clothes and little beds. In the second room examples of lace are exhibited. You can also learn hoe to make it. The third room provides a collection of different chairs. The fourth room contains different objects connected with music: various instruments, techniques and records. The fifth room gives information on the anatomy and mentality of a person. The sixths room houses computers and information on the information technology. In the seventh room you can lean about different experiments and probably conduct one yourself. The objects of the eighth room are connected with space. You can see videos about space there and see different models of spaceships. The ninth room provides a wide range of vehicles. In the tenth room you will be informed on the topic of communication. You will learn about its history and the present.

474. ?keb u ohlbl_ ihclb gZ ki_pbZevgmx wdkdmjkbx fma_c gm`ghebaZdZaZlv__ aZjZg__ Yes, I must.

475. ?kebZfhj_fyij_[uZgbygm`gZbgZeb^gZydheykdZ]^_ __ fh`ghaylv You can get a wheelchair at a cloaking desk in the main entrance foyer.

476. umf_l_qblZlvgZyaud_;jZcey1R,GRQ¶W ZZcl_ih_k_ebfky Bgkljmf_glZevgZyfmaudZ Ih^klZvl_gZaZgbybgkljmf_glhd dZjlbgdZf Drums — f; Guitar — b; Violin — c; Piano — g; Trumpet — d; Pianino — e; Saxophone — a. Dlhq_faZgbfZ_lky AZihegbl_ ijhims_ggu_ [mdu ^hihegbl_ gZaZgby wlbo ijhn_kkbcb khihklZvl_bok dZjlbgdZfb A — 4; B — 7; C — 3; D — 2; E — 6; F — 1; G — 5. FmaudZ^hfZ Ih^klZvl_gZaZgbyij_^f_lhd dZjlbgdZf

477. 104 Hi-fi stereo — c; Record player — b; Album — e; Compact disc — d; Loudspeaker — a; Cassette — g; Headphones — f. IjZdlbdm_fkykemrZlv 1. kf7DSHVFULSWV Ij_^klZvl_qlhugZoh^bl_kv h^ghfbake_^mxsbof_kl =hjh^ qZkibd K_evkdZyf_klghklvhdjm`_ggZy]mklufdmklZjgbdhf Ih^h^hc IhiZeb m`Zkgmx[mjx dhkfbq_kdhfdhjZ[e_ ^`mg]eyo GZrmfghcnZ[jbd_ihijhbah^klmfZrbg GZhkljh_ ]jmii_h[km^bl_dZdZyfmaudZih^hc^_ld lhfmf_klm dhlhjh_uu[jZeb In the city at peak hour I would choose loud electronic music. It is as rhythmic as the city itself. In the country I would listen to the native Aboriginal music or just to the sounds of nature. Underwater quiet classical music would be suitable. If I were caught in a wild storm I would choose something sinister. It could be classical of electronic music. In a spaceship I would listen to drum-n-bass. In the jungle would like to listen to something cheerful, because I think it’s scary there. In a noisy factory where cars are manufactured industrial music would be best. On an island I would listen to reggae. It gives the right mood. CHAPTER 7. HIULJ:;HLU JZa]hhjgZyijZdlbdZ LhfjZa]hZjbZ_lk KZr_cb He_ch kh_cjZ[hl_b h[G_^_e_ HiulZJZ[hlu _]hrdhe_ Ih`ZemcklZ ijhqlbl_ wlb ^bZeh]b AZl_f jZau]jZcl_ bo k h^ghdeZkkgbdZfb H[jZsZcl_ hkh[h_ gbfZgb_ gZ bkihevahZ- gb_kjZgbl_evghcb ij_hkoh^ghckl_i_g_cIhke_ijhql_gby uihegbl_mijZ`g_gby JZ[hlZLhfZ Lhfu[uohl_ebijbclbb ihkfhlj_lv]^_y jZ[hlZx KZrZM l_[y_klvjZ[hlZ

478. 105 LhfZy jZ[hlZx f_klghc[b[ebhl_d_WlhkZfZyklZjZy[b[- ebhl_dZ Kb^g__ HeyQlhlulZf^_eZ_rv LhfY ihfh]Zxex^yfgZclbdgb]bb bgnhjfZpbxdhlhjZybf gm`gZY lZd`_i_j_klZeyxdgb]bk ihedbgZihedmb j_hj]Zgbah- uZx[b[ebhl_dm ihke_lh]hdZd k_ moh^yl Wlh ^_cklbl_evgh ohjhrZyjZ[hlZHgZfg_gjZblky[hevr_q_ffhyij_û^msZyjZ- [hlZB ex^bk dhlhjufby jZ[hlZxijbylg__ KZrZDZdqZklhlujZ[hlZ_rv hfIhdZwlhg_f_rZ_lmq_[_Y fh]mjZ[hlZlvklhevdhkdhevdh ohqmH[uqghy jZ[hlZx^Z^gy g_^_exb bgh]^ZgZuoh^guo KZrZM fgh]bomq_gbdhlh_]hhajZklZ_klvjZ[hlZ LhfZ[hevrbgklhfhbo^jma_cjZ[hlZxlhkh[_ggh dZgbdmeu HeyDZdlugZr_ewlmjZ[hlm LhfY gZr_e__ hj_fyG_^_ebHiulZjZ[hlu G_^_eyHiulZJZ[hlu KZrZQlhlZdh_G_^_eyHiulZJZ[hlu LhfWlhg_^_eyhj_fydhlhjhcmq_gbdbdeZkkZfh]mlih- ijh[hZlvihjZ[hlZlv h[eZklbdhlhjmxhgbu[_jmlM mq_gbdh _klvhafh`ghklvihjZ[hlZlv [ZgdZohl_eyofZ]ZabgZoj_klhjZ- gZob ^Z`_ dZ[bg_l_jZqZMq_gbdZfdhlhju_ohjhrhjZ[hlZxl qZklhij_êZ]Zxlf_klh HeyDZdbgl_j_kgh LhfG_dhlhju_mq_gbdbkqblZxlqlhwlhkZfZybgl_j_kgZyg_- ^_ey mq_[gh]h ]h^Z ihlhfm qlh hgb fh]ml bkiulZlv dZdhc `bagv fh`_l[ulvihke_rdheu KZrZIhq_fmluj_rbejZ[hlZlv [b[ebhl_d_ LhfY ohl_ejZ[hlZlv [b[ebhl_d_[hevr_q_f ex[hf^jm]hf f_kl_ihlhfmqlhfg_gjZblkyijhh^blvbkke_^hZgbyK_cqZky agZxihqlbk_h lhfdZdjZ[hlZ_l[b[ebhl_dZqlh^_cklbl_evgh ihe_aghdh]^Zfg_gm`ghgZclbbgnhjfZpbxêyijh_dlZ rdhe_ HeyLuihevam_rvkydhfivxl_jhfgZjZ[hl_ LhfZky[b[ebhl_dZdhfivxl_jbabjhZgZIhqlbk_dgb]b b `mjgZeu [b[ebhl_d_aZg_k_gu dhfivxl_j Heyufgh]hjZ[hlZ_l_gZdhfivxl_j_gZjZ[hl_ LhfDZ`ûc^_gvK_cqZky m`_[he__m_j_ghjZ[hlZxgZdhf- ivxl_j_q_fdh]^Zy lhevdhgZqZejZ[hlZlv [b[ebhl_d_ KZrZDZdhcohjhrbchiul LhfZ: _keb [b[ebhl_d_fZehex^_cdh]^Zy jZ[hlZxy fh]m aZgylvky^hfZrg_cjZ[hlhchafh`ghwlhkZfZyemqrZyqZklvjZ[hlu Ih`ZemcklZhl_lvl_gZke_^mxsb_hijhku JZ[hlZLhfZ

479. =^_jZ[hlZ_lLhf7RPZRUNVDWDOLEUDU

480. 106

481. Qlhhg^_eZ_l+HKHOSVSHRSOHWRILQGWKHERRNVDQGLQIRUPDWLRQ they need. He also reshelves the books and reorganizes the library.

482. ?fmgjZblkyjZ[hlZ Yes, he does.

483. DZdhc[ueZ_]hij_^u^msZyjZ[hlZihkjZg_gbxk wlhc His previous job was less interesting. The people Tom works at the library with are nicer.

484. DZdqZklhLhfjZ[hlZ_l He usually works two afternoons a week and sometimes weekends.

485. Fgh]b_ebZkljZebcpuhajZklZLhfZjZ[hlZxl Yes they do.

486. DZdLhfgZr_ewlmjZ[hlm He found it during Work Experience Week. G_^_eyHiulZJZ[hlu

487. dZdbof_klZomq_gbdbjZ[hlZxlhj_fyG_^_ebHiulZJZ[hlu They can work in banks, hotels, restaurants, stores and even doctor’s offices.

488. :kljZebckdbfmq_gbdZfgjZblkyG_^_eyHiulZJZ[hlu Yes, they do.

489. Ihq_fmLhfj_rbejZ[hlZlv [b[ebhl_d_ Tom decided to work in a library because he likes to do research.

490. Mf__lebLhfihevahZlvkydhfivxl_jhf Yes, he does.

491. DZdmxbgnhjfZpbxfh`ghgZclb dhfivxl_j_[b[ebhl_db You can find information on almost every book and magazine. H l_[_

492. M Zk_klvG_^_eyHiulZJZ[hlu rdhe_ No, we don’t.

493. DZdukqblZ_l_G_^_eyHiulZJZ[hlu²ohjhrZyb^_yIhq_fm Yes, I think it’s a great idea because students have an opportunity to try this work and to decide if they want to have this profession or some other.

494. =^_[uuohl_ebihijh[hZlvihjZ[hlZlv I would like to try to work in a large company with amny people. I think it won’t be boring to work there. =jZffZlbdZ 3. I am best at biology. I’m worst at Physics. I like Mathematics least of all. I like English best of all. Ih^gbfZykvihe_klgbp_mki_oZ Ambitious. I seek success. Motivated. I don’t do things that are unnecessary.

495. 107 Neat. I’m always clean and tidy. Accurate. I almost never make mistakes. Enthusiastic. I’m eager and have a feeling of excitement. Reliable. People can rely on me, I won’t fail them. 12. If you make something soft or softer you soften it. If you make something hard or harder you harden it. If you make something tight or tighter you tighten it. If you make something weak or weaker you weaken it. If you make something bright or brighter you brighten it. If you make something dark or darker you darken it. Ijhqlbl_b magZcl_ HiuljZ[hlu deZkk_ DZ`ûc]h^mq_gbdbdeZkkZ rdhe_LhfZmqZklmxl G_^_- e_ HiulZ JZ[hlu h j_fy G_^_eb mq_gbdb jZ[hlZxl h[eZklb dhlhjmx kZfb u[bjZxl Wlh ohjhrZy hafh`ghklv ihijh[hZlv bgl_j_kgmxjZ[hlm RdheZgZqbgZ_lky b êyfgh]bomq_gbdhwlhjZghH^- gZdhhgb[ukljhihgbfZxldZdbfih_aehdh]^ZbojZ[hlh^Zl_ev `^_lqlhhgbijb^mlgZjZ[hlm mljZb aZdhgqZl _q_jZ hlg_dhlhju_dhff_glZjbbjZ[hlh^Zl_e_c ©;uep_ggufkhljm^gbdhf gZr_chj]ZgbaZpbbª ©Wg_j]bqgucb k_]^Z]hlhmqblvkyª ©?keb hg aZohq_l k^_eZlv dZjv_jm wlhc h[eZklb hg ^h[v_lky mki_oZª ©KZfuc mfguc b ijbylguc mq_gbd dhlhjuc d gZf dh]^Zeb[h ijboh^beª ©OhjhrhhkiblZgb ke_^m_lmdZaZgbyfª : qlh]hhjylmq_gbdb ©Fg_ ihgjZbeZkv g_^_ey HiulZ JZ[hlu ihlhfm qlh y gZmqbeky hkghZfjZ[hluiehlgbdZY lZd`_gZmqbeky^h[bZlvkykhbop_e_cª JbqZjÎbgheZ iehlgbpdh_^_eh ©Hiul JZ[hlu [ue ihe_aguf êy f_gy ihlhfm qlh y kfh]eZ mb^_lvqlhijhbkoh^bllZf ©j_Zevghffbj_ªY m`_g_m_j_gZ qlhy ohqmjZ[hlZlv kn_j_]hklbgbqgh]hf_g_^`f_glZ `m^b;Zjjhk =hklbgbqgh_^_eh ©Fg_^_cklbl_evghihgjZbeZkvG_^_eyHiulZJZ[hluihlhfm qlh y gZmqbeky hkghZf _l_jbgZjghc objmj]bb b khljm^gbdb dh fg_ohjhrhhlg_kebkvª Ihe:[jm _l_jbgZjby

496. 108 ©Fg_ihgjZbeZkvG_^_eyHiulZJZ[hluihlhfmqlhy magZeZ qlhm f_gyohjhrhihemqZ_lkyª Ov_gh Ijh^Z_p ©G_^_eyHiulZJZ[hlu[ueZhq_gvbgl_j_kghcb me_dZl_evghc ihlhfmqlh y magZeZ _sb h aZdhg_ dhlhju_ ^h wlh]h g_ agZeZ Y kemrZeZg_dhlhju_hk_gvbgl_j_kgu_^_eZ km^_b ihagZdhfbeZkv khfgh]bfbex^vfbª Jha_ll:aab Xjbkijm^_gpby ©Emqr__ G_^_e_HiulZJZ[hlulhqlhhgZ]hlhbll_[yd jZ- [hl_dhlhjZy`^_ll_[yi_j_^bb hgZaZklZey_laZ^mfZlvkydZdmx dZjv_jmu[jZlv [m^ms_fª Ihev_jZ :kkbkl_gl [b[ebhl_d_ ©Fhyly`_eZyjZ[hlZ[ueZhagZ]jZ`^_gZihlhfmqlhfg_ij_^- eh`bebjZ[hlmb yk jZ^hklvxkh]eZkbeZkvª F_jbgbahg Ijh^Z_p fZ]Zabg_ LhfmkljZbZ_lwdkdmjkbxih[b[ebhl_d_ ;b[ebhl_dbg_^_eZxl, hgbjZklml :]mklbg;bjj_e ;b[ebhl_dZkijZhqguofZl_jbZeh ;b[ebhl_dZkijZhqguofZl_jbZehgZoh^blkygZi_jhfwlZ`_ AZklhehfkijZhdk_]^ZgZoh^blkykhljm^gbd]hlhuc^ZlvkijZ- dmb ^ZlvZfkh_lihihh^mfZl_jbZehgZwlhfwlZ`_ ;b[ebhl_dZkijZhqguofZl_jbZehkh^_j`blke_^mxs__ KijZhqgbdbWlhljZa^_ekh^_j`blk_b^ukijZhqguofZl_- jbZehlZdbodZdkehZjbwgpbdehi_^bbb kijZhqgbdb GZmqgu_jZ[hlu [b[ebhl_d_gZoh^ylkyjZaebqgu_bkke_^hZ- gby^bkk_jlZpbb^hdeZ^ub wdaZf_gZpbhggu_jZ[hluHgbjZkih- eh`_gu dZlZeh]_ihbf_gbZlhjZb gZaZgbxbo^hklZgmlihlj_- [hZgbxBog_evayughkblvba[b[ebhl_db I_jbh^bdZK_dpbyi_jbh^bq_kdboba^ZgbcdexqZ_l k_[yk_gZb- [he__qZklhbkihevam_fu_]Za_lub `mjgZeujZkiheh`_ggu_ ZenZbl- ghfihjy^d_ihgZaZgbxF_g__qZklhbkihevam_fu_i_jbh^bq_kdb_ba- ^ZgbyojZgylky ih^Ze_b bofh]mlZfijbg_klb_kebhgbgm`gu Hl^_eu^Zqbdgb]gZ^hf Hl^_e u^Zqb dgb] gZ ^hf gZoh^ysbcky gZ lhjhf b lj_lv_f wlZ`Zokh^_j`bl[hevrmxqZklvdgb]aZiZkZ GZ lhjhf wlZ`_ _klv klhe kijZhd G_ kl_kgycl_kv ihijhkblv ihfhsb gZoh`^_gbbdgb]bebihevahZgbbdZlZeh]hf

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498. GZmqgu_jZ[hlu WdaZf_gZpbhggu_jZ[hlu Kem`[ZihbkdZihdhfivxl_jm Lj_lbcwlZ`Hl^_eu^Zqbdgb]gZ^hf Hkghgu_dZlZeh]b Hnbkl_ogbq_kdhckem`[u Q_l_jlucwlZ`Hl^_eu^Zqbdgb]gZ^hf DZlZeh]ihkljZgZf DhfgZlZk_fbgZjh Imgdli_jhcihfhsb Wlhnhlhdhibblhjh]hb q_l_jlh]hwlZ`_cdZjlhqdbihevah- Zgbyfh`ghihemqblv hl^_e_u^Zqbdgb]

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501. HV Yaudb

502. 5XVVLDQ Y kh]eZk_guihegylvijZbeZ[b[ebhl_db Ih^ibkv^ZlZ$SULO AZihegy_lkyjh^bl_e_fbebhi_dmghf Y kh]eZk_gaylvgZk_[yhl_lkl_gghklvaZfZl_jbZeuaylu_ [b[ebhl_d_ih^ZrbfaZye_gb_gZaZggufgZh[hjhl_dZdb aZ_]h __ u[hj_ebl_jZlmju Ih^ibkv Bfy-RKQ6PLWK :^j_k _keb hg g_ lhl `_ qlh m ih^Zr_]h aZye_gb_

503. Rogatinskaya st. Moscow L_e_nhg ihqlhucbg^_dk AZihegy_lkyjZ[hlZxsbfbihdhgljZdlmg_yeyxsbfbky]jZ`- ^ZgZfbkljZgubeboh^ysbfb rdhem wlhfjZchg_ RdheZjZ[hlh^Zl_ev ZrZ[m^msZyijhn_kkby Ij_^klZvl_ qlh ^Z_l_ bgl_jvx `mjgZebklm ]hhjys_fm gZZg]ebckdhfyaud_

504. Babgbl_fh]my aZ^ZlvZfg_kdhevdhhijhkh Yes. dZdhfudeZkk_ I’m in the eleventh form.

505. DZdb_ijhn_kkbbihimeyjgukj_^bfheh^_`b Zr_ckljZg_ Reporter, artist, accountant, secretary, lawyer and economist are the professions popular among the young people in my country.

506. D_f[uuohl_ebklZlvihke_hdhgqZgbyrdheudZdmxijh- n_kkbxu[uohl_ebbf_lv

507. I would like to be a Computer programmer when I graduate.

508. Dlhihfh]Zfu[jZlvijhn_kkbx I chose it myself because I like computers.

509. Qlh ^mfZxl Zrb ^jmavy h Zr_f u[hj_ Ihq_fm hgb lZd ^mfZxl

510. 111 My friends think it’s a great choice because it is the kind of profession that is of importance in this century. Computers are everywhere. My friends often ask me to help them when something happens with their PCs. ;j_^ebKfbl M ;j_^ebKfblZhkh[h_^hogh_gb_ihlhfmqlhhggZwlhcg_- ^_e_ b^_l jZ[hlZlv FZd hgZev^k Z^pZlbe_lgbc ;j_^ k kbg- ^jhfhf ZmgZ ijZa^gm_l khx i_jmx jZ[hlm k_lb nZkl nm- ^ZaZdmkhqguo

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512. uagZ_l_dh]hgb[m^vk kbg^jhfhfZmgZ No, I don’t.

513. KqblZ_l_ eb u qlh ex^b k kbg^jhfhf ZmgZ g_kihkh[gu k^_eZlvqlhgb[m^vkZfb No, I don’t. I think that abilities of people with Down syndrome are often underestimated.

514. Zr_crdhe__klvG_^_eyHiulZJZ[hlu No, we don’t.

515. M Zkdh]^Zgb[m^v[ueZjZ[hlZ?keb^ZjZkkdZ`bl_ih`Z- emcklZkhbfh^ghdeZkkgbdZfh[wlhf Yes, I have. In my free time I worked handing leaflets to people in the street. It is a part-time job and it’s very convenient as it doesn’t interfere with the school. QlhlZdh_;he_agvZmgZ Ihkfhljbl_hdjm]k_[y?keb Zr_fdeZkk_g_l[ebag_phlhu mb^bl_qlhk_Zrbh^ghdeZkkgbdbu]ey^ylihjZaghfmM gZkjZa- gucp_lhehkM gZk]eZaZjZagh]hp_lZB mgZkjZagu_ebpZb nb]m-

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517. Mq_gbdbk [he_agvxZmgZohlylbf_lv^jma_c

518. Mq_gbdk kbg^jhfhfZmgZfh`_lihgZ^h[blvkyki_pbZevgZy ihfhsv

519. H^ghdeZkkgbdk [he_agvxZmgZfh`_lklZlvlhbfemqrbf ^jm]hf

520. jm]k [he_agvxZmgZfh`_lu]ey^_lvih^jm]hfm

521. ufh`_l_ihfhqv^jm]mk [he_agvxZmgZ

522. 113

523. M ^_l_c[he_agvZmgZ_klv_s_^hjh`^_gby =Za_lgu_h[tye_gby Ih`ZemcklZ jZ[hlZcl_ iZj_ k ^jm]bf mq_gbdhf Bamqbl_ hijhkub aZl_fgZc^bl_hl_lu j_deZf_ DZglZkWcjeZcg K_dj_lZjv DZglZkWcjeZcgij_^eZ]Z_lihklhyggmxjZ[hlmk_dj_lZjygZihe- klZdb gZr_fhl^_e_ijh^Z` p_gljZevghfhnbk_JZ[hlZfbgbfmf qZkh g_^_exk hafh`ghklvxjZ[hlugZihegmxklZdmLj_[m_l- ky hiul k_dj_lZjkdhc jZ[hlu b jZ[hlu h[eZklb ijh^Z` ey lh]h qlh[u^h]hhjblvkyh klj_q_ahgbl_ihl_e² D

524. Ij_^eZ]Z_lkyjZ[hlZgZiheklZdbbebgZihegmxklZdm 7KHSRVLWLRQLVSDUWWLPHIj_^eZ]Z_lkyjZ[hlZgZiheklZdb

525. E

526. KdhevdhqZkh g_^_exgm`ghjZ[hlZlv

527. KRXUVDZHHNDUHRIIHUHGGm`ghjZ[hlZlvqZkh g_^_ex

528. JZ[hlZihklhyggZybebj_f_ggZy 7KHSRVLWLRQLVSHUPDQHQWJZ[hlZihklhyggZy

529. JZ[hlZlvgm`gh[m^_l p_glj_beb hdjZbgghfjZchg_ 7KHSRVLWLRQLVORFDWHGDWDGRZQWRZQEUDQFKJZ[hlZlvgm`gh[m- ^_l p_glj_

530. LNDhgkZelZgkb K_dj_lZjvfZrbgbkldZ LNDhgkZelZgkb²dhgkZelbg]hZynbjfZKdhjhklvi_qZlb g_ f_g__keh fbgmlmkl_gh]jZnbyb agZgb_^_ehijhbah^klZg_- h[oh^bfuGZqZevgZyaZjieZlZgZwlhc^he`ghklb ]h^AZ- ijhku?;xj]_j D

531. DZdZykdhjhklvi_qZlblj_[m_lky 7SLQJVSHHGRIDWOHDVWZSP LVUHTXLUHG Lj_[m_lkykdhjhklv i_qZlbg_f_g__keh fbgmlm

532. E

533. DZdb__s_gZudblj_[mxlky The ability to take shorthand dictation and knowledge of filling SURFHGXUHVDUHUHTXLUHG Lj_[mxlkykl_gh]jZnbyb agZgb_^_ehijh- bah^klZ

534. DZdmxaZjieZlmij_^eZ]Zxl 7KHVDODULVDHDUAZjeZlZ^heeZjh ]h^

535. DZdfh`ghihemqblv^hihegbl_evgmxbgnhjfZpbx7RREWDLQ PRUHLQIRUPDWLRQRXFDQFDOO?%XUJHUhihegbl_evgmxbgnhjfZ- pbxfh`ghihemqblvihahgb?;xj]_j

536. Hi_jZlhjgZ[hjsbd IjbgbfZxlky aZye_gby gZ jZ[hlm hi_jZlhjhfgZ[hjsbdhf gZ ihegmx klZdm hnbk_ kyaZgguf kh kljhbl_evklhf Lj_[mxlky lhevdhhiulgu_hi_jZlhju

537. 114 AZye_gbyijbgbfZxlkyKhljm^gbdhl^_eZdZ^jh :;KEl^ =jbgobeJhm^:^_eZb^Z D

538. WlhjZ[hlZgZiheklZdbbebgZihegmxklZdm 7KLVLVDIXOOWLPHSRVLWLRQWlhjZ[hlZgZihegmxklZdm

539. E

540. Gm`_gebhiul wlhc^he`ghklb HVLWLVZ

541. F

542. Dm^Zih^ZZlvaZye_gby One should apply in writing to the Personnel Officer of ABC OWGAZye_gbygm`ghih^ZZlvkhljm^gbdmhl^_eZdZ^jh :;KEl^

543. :lh[bh]jZnby lZ[ebqghcnhjf_ Dh]^Zuih^Z_l_aZye_gb_h ijb_f_gZjh[hlmZfkdhj__k_]h gm`gh[m^_laZihegblvZgd_lmdhlhjZy^Z_ljZ[hlh^Zl_exZ`gmx bgnhjfZpbxh Zk:lh[bh]jZnbx lZ[ebqghcnhjf_bgh]^ZgZ- auZxlj_axf_ DZd u ^mfZ_l_ dZdZy bgnhjfZpby h Zk fh`_l ihgZ^h- [blvky jZ[hlh^Zl_ex Ih`ZemcklZ khklZvl_ kibkhd wlhc bg- nhjfZpbbb kjZgbl_khkibkdZfbh^ghdeZkkgbdh Name Age Address Nationality Education Work experience Additional skills Interests Wlhj_axf_WfbebEvxbkHgZih^Z_laZye_gb_h ijb_f_ gZ h^gm ba ihabpbc ij_^klZe_gguo ur_ Ih`ZemcklZ ijh- qlbl_b hl_lvl_gZhijhku

544. Kdhevdhe_lWfbebEvxbk (PLO/HZLVLVWfbebEvxbke_l

545. =^_hgZ`b_l 6KHOLYHVLQ$GHODLGH$XVWUDOLDHgZ`b_l :^_eZb^_:kljZ- eby

546. DZdhcm g__ghf_jl_e_nhgZ Three-two-three-two-nine-five-eight.

547. DZdh_m g__]jZ`^Zgklh $XVWUDOLDQ:kljZebckdh_

548. Q_fhgZaZgbfZ_lky gZklhys__j_fy 6KHZRUNVDW-RQHV,QFHgZjZ[hlZ_l `hgkBgdhjihj_cl_^

549. =^_hgZoh^beZ rdhem 6KHZHQWWRVFKRROLQ$GHODLGHHgZoh^beZ rdhem :^_eZb^_

550. DZd[ukljhhgZmf__li_qZlZlv +HUWSLQJVSHHGLVZSP?_kdhjhklvi_qZlbm^Zjh fbgmlm

551. 115

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553. BfyWfbebEvxbk :^j_kIZjd_c:^_eZb^ZX`gZy:kljZebyL_e ZlZjh`^_gbyZij_ey]h^Z =jZ`^ZgklhZkljZebcdZ HiuljZ[hludZkkbjDhee_^`L:N? K ]h^Z²ihgZklhys__j_fyK_dj_lZjvhnbkf_g_^`_j `hgkBgdhjihj_cl_^:^_eZb^Z H[jZahZgb_]K_jlbnbdZlh kj_^g_fh[jZahZgbbrdheZ _klObee:^_eZb^Z biehfh[hdhgqZgbbdmjkhk_dj_lZj_cDhee_^`K_dj_- lZj_c=Zfbevlhg:^_eZb^Z GZudbFZrbghibkvm^Zjh fbgmlm

554. [mo]Zel_jbyb kl_- gh]jZnby Me_q_gbyKZ^hh^klhb l_ggbk DZdb_ ba ur_i_j_qbke_gguo ihabpbc fh]ml ih^hclb WfbebIhq_fm The position of the secretary / typist would be most suitable for Ms. Lewis because she has all the skills required, such as typing speed, shorthand and filling procedures. More than that, she has working H[SHULHQFH LQ WKLV SRVLWLRQ fbkk Evxbk [hevr_ k_]h ih^hc^_l ^he`ghklvk_dj_lZjyfZrbgbkldbihlhfmqlhm g___klvk_g_h[- oh^bfu_gZudblZdb_dZd kdhjhklvi_qZlb kl_gh]jZnby b kha^Z- gb_ZjobZ;he__lh]hm g___klvhiuljZ[hlu wlhc^he`ghklb

555. Zr_ckljZg_ex^bibrmlj_axf_H[km^bl_jZaebqby Yes, in our country people write CV as well. They write their name, address, nationality, date of birthday, education and employment. Sometimes people also write if they are married or single. We also write about our hobbies and interests. Many people also write some FKDUDFWHULVWLFVVXFKDV©DFFXUDWHª©UHOLDEOHªDQGVRRQ gZr_ckljZ- g_ex^blh`_ibrmlj_axf_HgbibrmlbfyZ^j_k=jZ`^Zgklh ^Zlmjh`^_gbyh[h[jZahZgbbb hiul_jZ[hluBgh]^Zex^b_s_ ibrml`_gZluhgbbebohehkluFulZd`_ibr_fh khbooh[[bb bgl_j_kZoFgh]b_ex^b lZd`_ ibrml khb oZjZdl_jbklbdb lZdb_ dZd©gbfZl_evgucª©gZ^_`gucªb l^

556. JZ[hlZcl_ iZj_ k ^jm]bf mq_gbdhf b khklZvl_ kibkhd ^he`ghkl_cdhlhju_ukqblZ_l_bgl_j_kgufbDZdb_bawlbo dZq_klgZZra]ey^g_h[oh^bfu^eyl_oaZgylbcdhlhju_ uu[jZeb Reporter-energetic, enthusiastic Pilot-reliable, strong, competent

557. 116 Doctor-competent, accurate, experienced Teacher-punctual, enthusiastic, neat Hairdresser-competent, motivated Photographer-ambitious, energetic, intelligent Artist-intelligent, enthusiastic, ambitious Secretary-accurate, punctual, neat Lawyer-competent, punctual, reliable DZdb_bawlbodZq_klm ZkijbkmlklmxleydZdboaZ- gylbcugZZra]eyîhôh^bl_ I can be a reporter because I’m energetic and enthusiastic. I can also be a photographer because I’m ambitious, energetic and intelligent. I can’t be a secretary because I’m not accurate, punctual or neat. Wlh^_lZebj_axf_IheZ=m^f_gZIh`ZemcklZaZihegbl_ lZ[ebpm 1. Bfy E 2. :^j_k M 3. L_e_nhg B 4. ZlZjh`^_gby K 5. =jZ`^Zgklh L 6. K_f_cgh_iheh`_gb_ A 7. H[jZahZgb_ G, H 8. he`ghklvaZgbfZ_fZygZ^Zggucfhf_gl D 9. Ij_û^ms__f_klhjZ[hlu C 10. jm]b_bgl_j_kub gZudb I, F 11. J_dhf_g^Zpbb J _ehh_ibkvfh ;e_g^nbev^Jhm^ Ehg^hg Hdly[jv Fbkl_jm`Kfblm Kfblb kughvy Fvx Ehg^hg L_fZF_klhhnbkf_g_^`_jZ hjh]hcfbkl_jKfbl Y ibrm kyabk Zrbfh[tye_gb_f LZcfkh f_kl_hnbkf_- g_^`_jZb ohl_eZ[uih^ZlvaZye_gb_ DZdub^bl_baijbeZ]Z_fh]hj_axf_m f_gy^biehfihki_- pbZevghklb;bag_kF_g_^`f_glb y^Z]h^ZjZ[hlZeZihfhsgbdhf hnbkf_g_^`_jZ ]_jfZgkdhcdhfiZgbb gZklhys__j_fyy bsmghh_f_klhjZ[hlub ohl_eZ[uqlh[u fhx dZg^b^Zlmjm jZkkfhlj_eb gZ ^he`ghklv mdZaZggmx Zr_f h[tye_gbb

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563. DZdhcm g__hiuljZ[hlu She has two years experience as Assistant Office Manager with a *HUPDQFRPSDQHgZ^Z]h^ZjZ[hlZeZihfhsgbdhfhnbkf_g_^- `_jZ ]_jfZgkdhcdhfiZgbb

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578. 2. 1) I always go to bed early, but my sister never goes to bed early. 2) I usually spend my vacation in the village, but my friends seldom spend their vacation in the village. 3) I often visit my granny, but my aunt rarely visit my granny. 4) My parents always watch television on Sundays, but they do not go to the cinema often. 5) He often has tea with us, but he never helps us. 6) Mr Brown works in his office on weekdays, but he doesn’t work on Sundays. AZ^Zchijhkud ih^q_jdgmlufkehZf 1) Does he like to take pictures of his friends? 2) Who never shares his thoughts with anybody? 3) Why does Jane spend her holiday with his family? 4) Does Ann feel better now? 5) Can he pitch a tent? 6) How much fish are there in the river in summer? 4. 1) Are you a good swimmer? Are you good at swimming? 2) Where do you like to go in summer? 3) Can(do) you play the guitar? 4) Who is your best friend? 5) What do your friends do in summer? 6) How many Russian live in Australia? hihegbl_ij_^eh`_gbyBkihevamcl_kehZbakdh[hd 1) What time does the train leave? 2) My brother does not live at home. 3) Where do you come from? 4) I don’t think Jill likes me very much. 5) What time does Ken get home after work? 6) Penny comes from Calgary in Canada. 7) How many languages do you speak? 8) Anne doesn’t drink coffee, but she likes tea.

579. 123 7. 1) I know that he is leaving for the village tomorrow. 2) I’m not going to have a car much longer. I’m selling it next week. 3) The next train leaves for Tonbridge at six o’clock. You can still catch it. 4) Is Ted coming here this morning? 5) Duncan said: «I’m going to the University tomorrow. The term begins soon.» 6) What are you doing tonight? IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gmxj_f_ggmxnhjfm 1) A: Look, it’s raining. B: Yes, it rains most of the days at this time of year. 2) Goodnight. I’m going to bed. I always go to bed early during the week. 3) Most days John cycles to work, but since it’s raining today he is taking the car to work. So Mary is doing shopping at the local shop instead of the supermarket where she usually goes. 4) A: Where are the children? B: They are playing in the garden. They get home from school at about four and usually go straight out to play with their friends. 5) We usually watch the news on TV at seven o’clock, but tonight we are watching that new soap opera. u[_jbl_ijZbevgmxnhjfm]eZ]heZ 1) are not listening; 2) does not want; 3) don’t understand; 4) hear; 5) do you see; 6) doesn’t remember; 7) think, doesn’t love. Hldjhcl_ kdh[db Ijhqlbl_ kemo i_j__^bl_ gZ jmkkdbc yaudh[tykgbl_mihlj_[e_gb_3UHVHQW6LPSOHb 3UHVHQW3URJUHVVLYH

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612. 125 Lesson 2 3. $XVWUDOLD²:kljZeby $EURDG²aZ]jZgbp_c $ERDUGGZdhjZ[e_ ,PSURYH²memqrZlv 'LDOHFW²^bZe_dl $ERULJLQH²dhj_gghclma_fguc %RRPHUDQJ²[mf_jZg] .DQJDURR²d_g]mjm 1DWLYH²f_klguc`bl_ev 6GQH²Kb^g_c DQEHUUD²DZg[_jjZ 0HOERXUQH²F_ev[mjg Lesson 3 Quiz 1.

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617. 7REHJRLQJWR²gZf_j_gb__s_g_ldhgdj_lghc^h]hhj_gghklb

618. 3UHVHQW 6LPSOH ² [m^ms__ ^_cklb_ dhlhjh_ ijhbahc^_l ih jZkibkZgbx

619. 3UHVHQW3URJUHVVLYH²aZieZgbjhZggh_^_cklb_uiheg_gb_ dhlhjh]haZbkblhl]hhjys_]h Ih^q_jdgbl_ ijZbevgh mihlj_[e_ggmx j_f_ggmx nhjfm 1) are you going; 2) I’m going out; 3) he is working; 4) I will go; 5) Is getting; 6) Are having, are you going to invite; 7) Is Ann coming; 8) I will wait; 9) Are you doing; 10) leaves. Mihlj_[bl_will bebto be going to. 1) Will send; 2) Are going to collect; 3) Are going ; 4) Will go. I_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaud

620. Y ihahgxl_[_dZdlhevdhhgijb^_l

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622. Ih^h`^bihdZijb^_lLhf

623. 126

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627. ?kebm E_gu[m^_lj_fyhgZgZibr_libkvfhkh_cih^jm]_

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629. 127 12) When she is home, she will call you. 13) I won’t help you, if you don’t tell me the truth. 14) Is it going to rain? — No, it isn’t, 15) Will he be home, when Mary calls? 16) No one knows when they will build this house. 17) If John doesn’t call, Mary will be very upset. 18) They won’t take a car, if it’s late. 19) This train arrives at 8 p.m. 20) There will be many friends of her daughter’s. I_j__^bl_jZkkdZagZjmkkdbcyaudb aZl_fi_j_kdZ`bl_ _]hgZZg]ebckdhf FZfZihemqbeZ ibkvfhhlkh_chkvfbe_lg_c ^hq_jb hl hl- juhdbag_]h©?keby kemrZxjZ^bhg_]hhjbfg_qlhy ^he`gu ^_eZlv^hfZrgxxjZ[hlm?keby k^_eZxqlhlhiehoh_g_djbqbgZ f_gy ?keb ^hf_ [_kihjy^hd g_ bgb f_gy wlhf ?keb lu oh- q_rv qlh[u y k^_eZeZ qlhgb[m^v g_ aZ[uZc kdZaZlv ©Ih`Zemc- klZª?keby b]jZx bgl_j_kgmxb]jmg_hlijZeycf_gy ihkl_ev ?keby ijhrmqlhgb[m^vg_hl_qZck_]^Z©G_lª?keboheh^gh g_uh^bfZrbgmG_]hhjb©g_evayªlZdqZklh Homework Ijhqlbl_kemoI_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaudH[tykgbl_ mihlj_[e_gb_3DVW3URJUHVVLYH

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647. IhklZvl_ ]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gmx nhjfm 3DVW 3URJUHVVLYHbeb3DVW6LPSOH 1) phoned, was doing; 2) met, was working; 3) asked, was watching; 4) was driving, had; 5) were doing, found. IhklZvl_ ]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gmx nhjfm 3DVW 3URJUHVVLYHbeb3DVW6LPSOH 1) opened, started; 2) were enjoying, went; 3) heard, began; 4) were talking, heard; 5) heard, ran; 6) was checking, called; 7) were writing, rang; 8) broke in, were sleeping; 9) ran off, swimming; 10) was shopping, lost; 11) was playing, broke; 12) met, were working. IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gmxnhjfm 1) was phoning, arrived; 2) was opening, rang; 3) was, saw; 4) was doing, saw; 5) cut, was shaving; 6) read, went; 7) did wait; 8) was, noticed; 9) were you doing; 10) was walking, started; 11) sat, began; 12) came, looked, went; 13) was she laughing, saw; 14) had, was laughing; 15) were waiting, arrived; 16) was coming; 17) was having, started. I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) How did he used to spend his evenings when he lived in London? 2) When he came he would stay at our place. 3) She lost her keys while she was walking to school. 4) When he looked at her she was crying. 5) I met Meggy when she was walking home. She was leaving on Friday. 6) She thought that Mark was joking.

648. 129 7) Everyone was looking at Carry when I entered. 8) He didn’t used to call me so early. 9) She was busy when I came to her yesterday. She was getting ready for her exams. 10) He came to me yesterday when I was taking a shower. 11) She used to travel a lot when she was young, didn’t she? Lesson 4 Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

649. Kb^g_c²kZfuc[hevrhcb kZfucklZjuc]hjh^ :kljZebb Yes, it is.

650. Kdhevdhq_eh_d`b_l Kb^g__ Nearly four million people live in Sydney.

651. Hldm^Zjh^hf[hevrbgklh`bl_e_c Most of the residents are English in background.

652. Hldm^Zjh^hfq_l_jlvgZk_e_gby A quarter f the residents were born overseas.

653. ;hevrbgklhex^_c :kljZebb]hhjylihZg]ebckdbg_lZdeb Yes, they do.

654. GZdZdbo_s_yaudZo]hhjylfgh]b_ex^b Italian, Greek, Arabic / Lebanese, Chinese and Spanish are commonly spoken.

655. Qlhijbe_dZ_llmjbklh Kb^g__ Sydney’s natural beauty attracts tourists from all over the world.

656. DZdhc Kb^g__debfZl In Sydney the climate is temperate and warm with sunshine most of the days.

657. Qlhfh`ghmb^_lv AhhiZjd_LZjhg]Z Feathers, fangs, fur and fins can be found in the Tarongf Zoo.

658. =^_[m^mlijhh^blvkyHebfibckdb_B]ju]h^ZIhq_fm The 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Sydney because Sydney is then city of sport. 5. travelled, did, went, was, learned, learned, took, went, spent, sunbathed, swam, were, twisted, fell, cut, gave in, came, recognized, looked, went, visited, speak, understand, stayed, travelled, did, made, spent, had to, lives, needs, kept, picked, made, taught. Ijhreufe_lhfy fgh]himl_r_klhZeb ^_eZefgh`_klhjZaguo _s_c bxg_y ihr_e ihoh^Wlh[uehgZklhys__ijbdexq_gb_ Y gZmqbekyklZblviZeZldmb jZah^blvdhklj_Y lZd`_gZmqbe- ky b]jZlv gZ ]blZj_ b i_e jZagu_ ohjhrb_ i_kgb Y k^_eZe fgh]h nhlh]jZnbckhbo^jma_cb k_[y FuieZZebgZ[Zc^ZjdZofgh]b_bagZkijh_ebfgh]hj_f_gbgZ ju[Zed_GZfih_aehk ih]h^hcb fuaZ]hjZebb fgh]hdmiZebkv

659. 130 Dhg_qgh[uebb g_dhlhju_ijhbkr_klbyH^bgbagZrbo^jm- a_cih^_jgmegh]m^jm]hcmiZe b jZa[bedhe_ghghk_ohjhrh qlhohjhrhdhgqZ_lkyFug_k^ZZebkvb _jgmebkv^hfhc`bufb b a^hjhufb Fhb jh^bl_eb k ljm^hf magZeb f_gy y [ue lZdbf kbevgufb y]hj^bekykh[hc bxe_y kjh^bl_eyfbih_oZeaZ]jZgbpmFuihk_lbeb=heeZg- ^bxEx^blZf]hhjylih]heeZg^kdbghhgblZd`_ihgbfZxlZg]- ebckdbcIh_a^dZ[ueZg_hq_gv^hjh]hcihlhfmqlhfuhklZgZeb- Zebkv ^_r_uo ]hklbgbpZo b iml_r_klhZeb hkghghf gZ Zlh[mkZo FuhkfZljbZeb^hklhijbf_qZl_evghklbb ih^jm`bebkvkhfgh- ]bfbex^vfbFuijh_eb =heeZg^bb^_g_aZ[uZ_fu_g_^_ebb gZgZkijhba_eZh]jhfgh_i_qZle_gb___ djZkhlZ Z]mkl_fg_ijbrehkv_oZlvd [Z[mrd_HgZ`b_l fZe_gv- dhc^_j_g_g_^Ze_dhhlgZr_]h]hjh^ZM g__[hevrhckZ^b ih- wlhfm_cgm`gZfhyihfhsv k[hj_mjh`Zy;Z[mrdZg_^ZZeZfg_ hl^hogmlvf_kl_fukh[bjZebnjmdlub hhsbb ]hlhbebZj_gv_ b khe_gvyHgZlZd`_gZmqbeZf_gykh[bjZlvy]h^ub ]jb[u Questions Did you travel this summer? Where did you go in June? Was it an adventure? What did you learn? Did you play the guitar? Did you take a lot of pictures of your friends? Were you lucky with the weather? Did you swim and sunbathe? Were there some mishaps? What happened to your friends? What did one of your friends twist? What did one of your friends cut? You came home safe and sound, didn’t you? Where did you go in July? What language do people speak in Holland? Do they understand English? The trip was expensive, wasn’t it? Did you stay at guesthouses or at hotels? Did you travel by bus? How much time did you spend in Holland? Were you impressed? Where did you have to go in August? Where does your grandmother live?

660. 131 Has she got a big garden? Why does she need you to help her with the harvest? Did your granny keep you busy all the time? What did you do together? What did she teach you to do? IjhqblZcl_ jZkkdZa AZ^Zcl_ hijhku Zcl_ djZldh_ baeh`_gb_ IhkuedZ KZfhe_lhiha^Zeb ^_l_dlbuijh`^Zeb Zwjhihjlmk_mljhHgb `^ZebZ`gmxihkuedmk [jbeebZglZfbbaX`ghc:njbdbDh]^ZkZ- fhe_lijb[ueg_dhlhju_ba^_l_dlbh`^Zeb ]eZghfa^Zgbb lh j_fydZdhklZevgu_`^ZebgZZwjh^jhf_h_fm`qbgayebihkuedm k kZfhe_lZb hlg_keb__ a^Zgb_lZfh`gbDh]^Zhgbhldjueb^jZ]h- p_ggmxihkuedmhgZ[ueZgZiheg_gZdZfgyfbb i_kdhf 1) Who was waiting? — Detectives were waiting. 2) How long were they waiting? — They were waiting all morning. 3) What were they expecting? — They were expecting a valuable parcel. 4) Did the plane arrive? — Yes, the plane arrived. 5) Where were the detectives waiting? — They were waiting on the airfield and inside the main building. 6) Where did they carry the parcel? — They carried the parcel into the Customs House. 7) What was there in the parcel? — There were stones and sand. Detectives waited all morning at the airport for a valuable parcel with the diamonds to arrive. When the plane arrived they carried the parcel into the Customs house and opened it. There were only stones and sand. Lesson 5 1AZdhgqbl_ij_^eh`_gbybkihevamy 3UHVHQW3HUIHFW 1) He can’t call his friend because he has lost his note-book. 2) My mother can’t wear her dress because she has not finished it. 3) Mr Downey can’t read the newspaper because the stman has not delivered it. 4) Mrs Wolff can’t do anything because she has just learned about her son’s illness. 5) I can’t fly to Australia because I haven’t got enough money yet. 2. 1) Have you ever eaten with chopsticks? 2) Have you ever been to Sydney? 3) Have you ever spoken to aborigine? 4) Have you ever flown to Australia? 5) Have you been to the theatre this month? 6) Has you English been improved lately?

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692. IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZonhjfm3UHVHQW3HUIHFWb 3DVW Simple. 1) A. Have you seen it? B. Saw; 2) went, haven’t been; 3) A. Have met, B. have been; 4) A. Have tried, B. Left. IhklZvl_]eZ]heu gm`gmxnhjfm 1) have travelled; 2) has never called; 3) did he call; 4) played, was, have played; 5) has heard; 6) has flown; 7) haven’t seen; 8) have ever spoken to; 9) lived, moved; 10) have not had, has been ill; 11) met; 12) hasn’t gone; 13) have seen, did you see, was; 14) has published, did he publish; 15) has worked; 16) invented; 17) did Pushkin write; 18) have gone; 19) has opened; 20) has broken, did it happen. I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud I. — Hello, Dick! I haven’t seen you for ages. You’ve been to England, haven’t you? When were you there? — I was there in October.

693. 134 — Did you go alone? — Yes, I did. — What cities have you visited? — I spent a week in London, then I went to Brighton. It’s the best resort I have ever seen. — Have you been to Coventry? — Yes, I have, i liked the cathedral very much. Have you heard about it before? II. 1) I used to play tennis often. 2) Carrie has been often ill lately. 3) «How is Tom?» — «I don’t know. He hasn’t called yet.» 4) «Have you seen her today?» — «Yes, I have. We dined together at a restaurant». 5) Look John has bought a new car. I have never seen such a car before. 6) It’s the most interesting book I have ever read. 7) It’s the most tasty cake, I have ever eaten. 8) «Have you seen him this week?» — «No, I haven’t». — «When did you see?» — «I saw him last month.» 9) I have met Sabby recently. She looks fine. 10) Somebody is screaming. What has happened 11) «What’s the news?» — «My sister has bought a new flat.» — «Have they bought furniture?» — «No, they haven’t». 12) I’m going to a party today. But I haven’t bought a prsent yet. 13) She has been often ill lately. 14) Jane has visited two countries this year. It was magnificent. IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo ijZbevgmxnhjfmI_j_- _^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaudI_j_kdZ`bl_jZkkdZa Ih_a^dZ :kljZebx Ebg^ZihemqbeZibkvfhhlkh_]h[jZlZJbqZj^ZHg :kljZ- ebbHggZoh^blkylZfm`_r_klvf_kyp_JbqZj^²bg`_g_jHg jZ[hlZ_l djmighcnbjf_b m`_ihk_lbefgh]hjZaebqguof_kl :kljZebbHglhevdhqlhdmibeZkljZebckdmxfZrbgmb kt_a^be WebkKijbg]afZe_gvdbc]hjh^hd p_glj_:kljZebbJbqZj^gbdh]^Zg_[ueaZ]jZgbp_c^hwlh]hihwlhfmih_a^dZ[ueZ^eyg_]h me_dZl_evghc Has received, has been, working, has visited, has bought, went, has never been, found. 1) Sydney is the oldest and largest city in Australia. 2) The population is four million people. 3) The population is mainly English in background. 4) English is the main language spoken but one in five Australians speak also Italian, Greek, Arabic, Lebanese, Chinese or Spanish.

694. 135 5) Mediterranean climate, galleries, museums, architecture and parks attract tourists to Sydney. u[_jbl_ijZbevguchl_l

695. Wlhll_dklh `_cfk_Dmd_ Kb^g__ Dhjhe_:g]ebb Bklhjbb:kljZebb

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698. DZiblZg:jlmjNbebiidhfZg^hZedhjZ[eyfbieurbfb :kljZebxihlhfmqlh ;ueukhdbcmjh_gv[_ajZ[hlbpu Ij_klmighklv[ueZh^ghcbagZbZ`g_crboijh[e_f Lxjvfu[uebi_j_iheg_gu

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701. :kljZebyklZeZqZklvx;jblZgkdhcbfi_jbbijb dhjhe__bdlhjbb dhjhe_=_gjbo_9,,, dhjhe__?ebaZ_l_,,

702. :kljZebyklZeZg_aZbkbfhc Homework 1.

703. LujZa]hZjbZ_rvihl_e_nhgmm`_[he__ihemqZkZIRU

705. 136

706. ©`_cg lu ky ]jyagZyª ² ©H y agZx y fueZ e_klgbpmª _cklb_aZdhgqbehkvghhlg_]h_s_hklZekyke_^

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711. AZihegbl_ ijh[_eu ]eZ]heZfb nhjf_ 3UHVHQW 3HUIHFW Progressive. 1) I’ve been waiting; 2) I have been studying; 3) They have been playing; 4) have been watching; 5) has been working; 6) have been walking. IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gmxnhjfm 1) has been teaching; 2) have been dancing; 3) has been learning; 4) has been raining; 5) have been waiting; 6) have you been working; 7) it has been raining; 8) has been crying; 9) has he been looking. H[t_^bgbl_iZjuij_^eh`_gbcbkihevamy3UHVHQW3HUIHFW Progressive 1) She has been writing a letter for an hour. 2) They have been talking since morning. 3) It has been raining for half an hour. 4) She has been cooking for 2 hours. 5) He has been making fire for 20 minutes. 6) He has been making pictures for half an hour. IhklZvl_ ]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gmx nhjfm 3UHVHQW 3HUIHFW3URJUHVVLYHbeb3UHVHQW3HUIHFW 1) have been learning; 2) have done; 3) ]has loved; 4) has written; 5) have been working; 6) have been catching, has caught; 7) have been saving, has saved; 8) do know, have known; 9) have been talking; 10) have been talking, haven’t finished; 11) has been; 12) has bought; 13) has been thinking; 14) have had, have had. Lesson 6 Quiz IhklZvl_ ]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gmx nhjfm 3UHVHQW 3HUIHFW3URJUHVVLYHbeb3UHVHQW3HUIHFW 1) have been; 2) haven’t seen; 3) have been cooking, cleaning, digging; 4) have been sitting; 5) have not been standing; 6) have been; 7) have known; 8) have seen. I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) We have been in this shop for 20 minutes already and we haven’t bought anything yet.

712. 137 2) «What is he doing?» — «He’s playing tennis». — «How long has he been playing?» — «He has been playing for 2 hours». — «how many games has he already played?» 3) they have been travelling for 2 weeks and have called twice. 4) «Look! Her bathing suit is wet.» — «It means that she has been swimming». 5) «Where’s Molly?» — «She is ill». — «Since when has she been ill? — «She has been ill since Thursday». 6) They have already discussed the first question and now they are discussing the second one. They have been discussing it for an hour already. 7) Your eyes are red. Have yon been crying? IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gmxnhjfmI_j__^bl_ gZZg]ebckdbcyaud We have just moved to a new flat. We have been working hard all the morning. We tried to get our new room in order. We own over a thousand books and the room is rather small, so we put the books on the floor. At the moment they are covering every inch of the floor space and we have to walk on them to get in or out the room. When Liz saw all these books on the floor, she said: «This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen.» She gazed it for some time then added: «You do not need bookcases at all. You can just sit here in your spare time and read the carpet. Fu lhevdh qlh i_j__oZeb ghmx dZjlbjm Fu jZ[hlZeb k_ mljhFuklZjZebkvijb_klbgZrmghmxdhfgZlm ihjy^hdM gZk hdhehlukyqbdgb]Z dhfgZlZ^hhevghfZe_gvdZyihwlhfmfuih- eh`bebdgb]bgZihe gZklhysbcfhf_glhgbihdjuZxldZ`^uc ^xcfijhkljZgklZgZihemb gZfijboh^blkyoh^blvihgbfqlh- [uhclb dhfgZlm bebuclbba g__Dh]^Z Eba mb^_eZ k_wlb dgb]bgZihemhgZkdZaZeZ©WlhkZfucdjZkbucdh_jdhlhjucy dh]^Zeb[hb^_eZªHgZkfhlj_eZgZg_]hdZdh_lhj_fyZ aZl_f ^h[ZbeZ©Zfhh[s_g_gm`gudgb`gu_rdZnuufh`_l_ijh- klhijboh^blvkx^Z kh[h^gh_j_fyb qblZlvdh_jª 3 GZc^bl_ l_dkl_ke_^mxsb_ij_^eh`_gbyb ijhqlbl_bo kemo 1) Australia is located in the southern hemisphere. 2) Australia is situated south of Asia, between the Pacific and the Indian Oceans. 3) Huge areas of land are so dry that they are uninhabited. 4) Desert in the centre and fertile croplands in the south and south-west. 5) Australia is a very urban state. 6) It is an island-state. 7) The Australian government plays a lot of attention to the preservation of the environment. 8) Australia has participated in all Olympic Games since they were organized.

713. 138 AZ^Zcl_hijhkhd l_dklmb bkihevamcl_bo dZd ieZg ^eyi_j_kdZaZ 1) In which hemisphere is Australia located? 2) Why are huge areas are uninhabited. 3) Is Australia the second flattest continent? 4) Is Australia an urban country? 5) Where is the 70% of population live? 6) Which state is separated from the continent of Australia? 7) What is paid a lot of attention now? 8) Why are new trees being planted all over Australia? 9) Do Australians love sports? 10) Where were the Olympic Games held in 1956? Homework 2. Ijhqlbl_kemoH[tykgbl_mihlj_[e_gb_3DVW3HUIHFWI_- j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaud

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718. HgZhkhagZeZqlhgbq_]hg__eZk ibdgbdZ_cklb_kh_j- r_ggh_^hhij_^_e_ggh]hfhf_glZ

719. Hgg_agZeqlhijhbahreh_cklb_kh_jr_ggh_^h^jm]h- ]h^_cklbyujZ`_ggh]h3DVW6LPSOH

720. Ijhqlbl_kemoH[tykgbl_mihlj_[e_gb_j_f_gI_j__- ^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaud

721. HgZ dmibeZ [be_l b hlhreZ hl hdhrdZ _cklby ke_^mxl ^jm]aZ^jm]hf

722. Hg udexqbe k_l b ihiulZeky aZkgmlv _cklby ke_^mxl ^jm]aZ^jm]hf

723. Hgb ijbiZjdhZeb fZrbgm b ihreb d klZgpbb _cklby ke_^mxl^jm]aZ^jm]hf

724. Hgih[jbekyb ijbgye^mr_cklbyke_^mxl^jm]aZ^jm]hf

725. Hg m`_ ih[jbeky b l_i_jv ijbgbfZe ^mr_cklb_ ujZ- `_ggh_]eZ]hehfKDGVKDYHGij_^r_klm_l^_cklbxujZ`_gghfm ]eZ]hehfZDVKDYLQJ

726. HgbaZdhgqbeb_klvb uibebdhn__cklbyke_^mxl^jm] aZ^jm]hf

727. 139

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729. IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gmxnhjfm3DVW6LPSOH beb3DVW3HUIHFW 1) did not come, had sent; 2) was, had heard; 3) had lost, didn’t know; 4) finished, went. GZc^bl_ ijZhcdhehgd_ijZbevgu_hl_lugZhijh- ku

730. F=^_bZgZ²HgZmreZaZihdmidZfb

731. DLukh[bjZ_rvkyk_]h^gykfhlj_lvnbevfihl_e_bahjm² G_ly m`_kfhlj_e_]h

732. GLuagZ_rvFZcdeZ²G_ly gbdh]^Z_]hjZgvr_g_klj_qZe

733. HFh`ghy havfmlhxdgb]m²;hxkvy aZ[ue__ ^hfZ

734. ELuohjhrhagZ_rvEhg^hg²Zy m`_^Zgh`bma^_kv

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737. JLu`b_rvg_^Ze_dhhlkx^Z²G_lfulhevdhqlhi_j_- _oZeb Hdknhj^

738. 5. 1) I didn’t watch the film because I had seen it before. 2) I didn’t know Michael. In fact I had never met him before. 3) I couldn’t let Sally my book because I had left it at home. 4) I knew London well because I had lived there for years. 5) I felt so bad, I was sure I had caught a cold. 6) John couldn’t go to work because he had caught a cold. 7) We don’t live in Colchester any more. We had moved to Oxford. Lesson 7 2. IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gmxnhjfm 1) had met; 2) got, had learnt; 3) had seen, came; 4) had passed; 5) had gone; 60 invited, was, had promised; 7) offered, refused, had had; 8) had entered, rang; 9) felt, came, went; 10) had heard, decided. I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) «Why didn’t you invite Jane to the cinems yesterday?» — «She had already seen the film». 2) She had watched the film and was telling her friend about it. 3) Whe Liz came home she remembered that she had left the keys at the office. 4) He remembered John. John had been his friend for 20 years. 5) Betsy had dinner and turned on the TV set. 6) Peter had shaved and was looking for his shirt.

739. 140 7) After the guests ahd left she went to bed. 8) She said that she hadn’t seen him for two weeks. 9) He was very tired. He had worked since morning. 10) Before they moved to Tomsk they had lived in Krosnoyarsk for 10 years. 11) Hardly had he posted the letter when he got a fax. Lesson 8 Test (2d level) g_dhlhjuoij_^eh`_gbyo_klvhrb[dbGZc^bl_bob bk- ijZvl_ 1) I have known Dima for a long time. 2) He has been here for 2 hours already. 3) Does it often rain in autumn? 4) Who is playing in the yard? 5) Does your father work? 6) Where were you on Sunday? 7) — (correct) 8) He is running faster than his friend. 9) Many European kids drink soft drinks, don’t they? 10) There are a lot of passengers at customs, aren’t there? 11) — (correct) 12) when I came she was writing a letter. 13) He had written his letter by 10 o’clock yesterday. 14) After he had read the book, he wrote a composition. 15) He was eating a sandwich when I saw him. 16) What had you done by 5 o’clock last night? 17) Where is he going tomorrow? 18) Who was singing when you came? 19) Has he been your friend since childhood? 20) While Mrs Garret was making a cake, Natalie cleaned the rooms. I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) She met Den when she was doing the shopping. 2) She won’t go to the party if she doesn’t have a new dress. 3) Steven Spielberg will have made a new film by the end of the 1998. 4) She read in the book that the Romans were the first to invade Britain. 5) «How many films have you seen this month?» — «I have seen three films». 6) «Do you hear anything?» — «No, I have been listening for a minute but I don’t hear anything». 7) I have been doing my homework for an hour already when my friend called. 8) After Betsy has cooked diner she will go shopping.

740. 141 9) She knew that she had made a mistake. 10) «What is she doing now?» — «she is on vacation. She has been on vacation for a moth already.» 11) While Mary was making coffee her daughter laid the table. 12) While he was making notes he remembered that he had left the book at home. 13) I had done my homework by 5 o’clock yesterday, hadn’t I. 14) «Have they been to Australia?» — «Yes, they have». — «How long were they there?’ 15) «Who do you see now?» — «I see you and your friend.» 16) «Does he know this man?» — «Yes, he does». «How long has he known him? IhklZvl_]eZ]heu gm`gmxnhjfm a) are playing, play, is kicking, is running, is looking, do not like. b) Died, left, spent, bought, went, stayed, listened gave, kept, lost. c) Have received, has been, has lived, has visited, has visited, has bought. d) 1) did you buy. 2) has never sent. 3) have you had. 4) fought. 5) have just won. _

741. 1) was leaving, arrived. 2) worked, was sitting (sat). 3) Was walking, met. 4) Was reading, heard. 5) Was watching. IhklZvl_kehZ ijZbevghfihjy^d_qlh[uihemqbeky hijhk 1) Why does he call often? 2) Where did he go last year? 3) Do your children come from school late or early? 4) When is he coming tomorrow? 5) By what time had he translated the text yesterday? 6) Who sent him the letter last week? 7) What were they doing at 5 o’clock yesterday? 8) Who was at her birthday party last year? 9) What have they already done? 10) What will you do if he calls you tomorrow? IhklZvl_]eZ]heu gm`gmxnhjfmAZ^Zcl_hijhkhd l_dklm Lived, had, said, will bake, wet, put, mixed, remembered, had not put, did, put, was, lay, opened, hopped, left, run, can, tried, cried, will stop, catch, met, had lived, ate. 1) did the old woman and the old man have children? 2) What did the woman want to bake? 3) What did she do in the kitchen? 4) What did the woman forget to put? 5) What did the boy do when the old woman open the oven? 6) What did the boy cried when the woman ran after hik? 7) What did the animals try to do?

742. 142 Test (3d level) 1I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) «Where is Mary? I don’t see her.» — «She is talking to my friend.» 2) When Sasha and Olga were flying to Australia, they met a lot of Russians. 3) He called me yesterday when I was taking a shower. 4) She used to travel a lot in her youth, didn’t she / 5) They had already arrived in Australia, when their parents received the telegram. 6) «Are you listening to radio?’ — «No, I’m not. You can turn it off». 7) When Betsy called, Tom had already left. 8) She had arrived in London and now she was looking for her friends’ house. 9) No sooner had Sasha and Olga entered the zoo, when they saw a kangaroo. 10) Who knows this man? 11) They won’t go in car, if it’s late. 12) No one knew when his plane had arrived. 13) This train arrived at 8 p.m. 14) How long have you been working for this firm? 15) There will be many friends of her daughter. 16) Robin hoped that Caroline had already come. 17) I don’t know if Robert will receive the letter tomorrow. 18) How do you feel? 19) Sasha and Olga’ parents were happy that the children had flown successfully. 20) «You look tired.» — «I have been working much today.» 21) He doesn’t understand her because she speaks English fluently. 22) Where’s Mary? I haven’t seen her lately. 23) Speak louder. She doesn’t hear you. 24) Hardly had he entered the room when the phone rang. 25) He is writing a book about Australia now. IhklZvl_]eZ]heu gm`gmxnhjfmIjhqlbl_jZkkdZab aZ^Zcl_hijhkhd l_dklm Was, did, travelled, went, had been, was, was, would miss, asked, got, fell, woke, was, looked, was, got, didn’t understand, had not woken, asked, hadn’t woken, looked, told, had done, was approaching, woke, didn’t want, put, finished, put. 1) Did Mark Twain do a lot of travelling? 2) Why was he very sleepy and tired? 3) What did he ask the guard to do? 4) Where was the train when he woke up? 5) What couldn’t he understand?

743. 143 60 What did the guard do when the train was approaching the town? 7) Why didn’t the American want to get off the train? g_dhlhjuoij_^eh`_gbyo_klvhrb[dbGZc^bl_bob bk- ijZvl_ 1) We will do nothing unless he comes in time. 2) I don’t hear you. 3) — 4) he wrote a composition for 3 hours yesterday. 5) — 6) he likes apples, doesn’t he? 7) I want to buy this book. 8) Does it often snow in winter? 9) We met at 5 o’clock at his office. 10) He didn’t used to call so early, did he? 11) You have never been to America, have you? 12) They built this house in 1997. 13) Where did you see him? 14) Nobody knows when he is coming. 15) Helen was watching the film when Fred called. 16) — 17) no sooner had he heard the news when Maggie called. 18) They have a dog and a cat. 19) They had lived in Brighton before they moved to Liverpool. 20) He said that he had lost his key. 21) I didn’t know that Sally had already seen this film. 22) «How long have they been in England?» — «they have been in England for 2 months and are not coming back yet.» 23) Who knows this man? 24) Tom had been playing football for 2 years when he joined the sports club. 25) He had been watching TV for an hour when his parents came. Lesson 9 3 4. was impressed — impress, Past Simple Passive are given — give, Present Simple Passive am impressed — impress, Present Simple Passive is surrounded — surround, Present Simple Passive had been cut- cut, Present Simple Passive had been lost — lose, Present Simple Passive are being planted- plant, Present Progressive Passive was surprised — surprise, Past Simple Passive were born — bear, Past Simple Passive

744. 144 is located- locate, Present Simple Passive was built — build, Past Simple Passive Homework AZihegbl_ijh[_eu lZ[ebp_ How often is the room cleaned? The first computer was invented by Charles Babbage in 1823. — I_juc dhfivxl_j bah[j_e QZjeva;Z[bq ]h^m By whom was the first computer invented? Will the students be examined in May? Is the baby being bathed now? Why is the baby being bathed now? The problem was being discussed ZKHQ .LP FDOOHG Hgb h[km`^Zeb ijh[_fmdh]^Zihahgb^ZDbf Has the contract been signed by John Wilson? Why had his friend been arrested? When will the money have been paid? I_j__^bl_k Zg]ebckdh]hgZjmkkdbcyaudIh^q_jdgbl_ dhgkljmdpbbkhkljZ^Zl_evgufaZeh]hf3UHVHQW6LPSOH3DTVVLYH Past Simple Passive, Future Simple Passive.

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746. ZDVVROGWlmdgb]mijh^Zeb^Zf_kypZgZaZ^

747. ZDVKHDWHGDQGWDNHQFhjkdmxh^mih^h]j_Zebb ibebk fhehdhf

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749. ZDVWROGH q_fjZkkdZaZebFZjbg_

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751. ZLOOEHLQYLWHGFZjbgmijb]eZkylgZ_q_jbgdm

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756. 145

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759. ZDVEHLQJGLVFXVVHGH[km`^Zeb_]hij_^eh`_gb_dh]^Zhgih- ahgbe

760. ZDVEHLQJEDNHGIhdZibjh]i_dkyhgbm[bjZebdhfgZlm

761. LVEHLQJID[HGKfhljbIhnZdkmi_j_^ZxldhgljZdl

762. I_j__^bl_k Zg]ebckdh]hgZjmkkdbcyaudIh^q_jdgbl_ dhgkljmdpbbkhkljZ^Zl_evgufaZeh]hf3UHVHQW3HUIHFW3DVVLYH Past Perfect Passive, Future Perfect Passive.

763. KDVEHHQWDONHGH _]hghhcdgb]_fgh]h]hhjbeb ihke_^g__ j_fy

764. KDYHEHHQVROGKdhevdhdgb][uehijh^Zgh wlhff_kyp_

765. ZLOOKDYHEHHQVROGWlZdgb]Z[m^_lijh^ZgZd dhgpmwlhcg_- ^_ebg_lZdeb

766. KDGEHHQWDXJKWHgkdZaZeqlhh[mqZekyZg]ebckdhfmyaudmm ghkbl_eyyaudZ

767. KDGEHHQVSHQWKdhevdh^_g_][uehihljZq_ghij_`^_q_fu h[gZjm`bebqlhijhbkoh^bl

768. KDVQRWEHHQOLYHG dhfgZl_g_`bebf_kyp

769. KDV EHHQ DFFHSWHG FZjbgZ kqZklebZ ?_ ijbgyeb :g]ebc- kdbcMgb_jkbl_l

770. Lesson 10 AZihegbl_lZ[ebpmIjhqlbl_kemo Impression — i_qZle_gb_ Pedestrian [pi'destri n] I_r_oh^ Rarely [ ‘re li] J_^dh Traffic — Mebqgh_^b`_gb_ Surround — Hdjm`Zlv Nest [nest] =g_a^blvky Species [‘spi: i:z] b^u Garbage — Fmkhj Citizen [‘sitizn] =jZ`^Zgbg Recycle [ri’saikl] I_j_jZ[ZluZlv Overseas [‘ouv ‘si:z] AZ]jZgbp_c Migrate — I_j_k_eylvky harbour — [molZ I_j__^bl_kehZ kdh[dZogZZg]ebckdbcyaudIjhqlb- l_kemoI_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaud

771. FLWL]HQVZHUHERUQFgh]b_ba]jZ`^Zg:kljZebbjh^bebkvaZ ]jZgbp_c

772. /DQHKms_klm_lki_pbZevgZy^hjh`dZ^eyZlh[mkhb lZdkb

773. 146

774. 3HGHVWULDQV h^bl_eb hklZgZebZxl fZrbgu b `^ml ihdZ i_r_oh^ui_j_c^ml^hjh]m

775. 3URWHFWVSHFLHV?kebfug_[m^_fhojZgylvijbjh^mfgh]b_ b^ubkq_agml

776. 5HFFOLQJ ELQV Kms_klmxl ki_pbZevgu_ dhgl_cg_ju ^ey k[hjZlhjkujvy

777. 3DVVHQJHUIHUULHVLQ6GQH +DUERXUKZrZh[jZlbegbfZgb_ gZ[hevrh_dhebq_klhiZkkZ`bjkdboiZjhfh Kb^g_ckdhc[mol_

778. ,VVXUURXQGHGKb^g_chdjm`_ggZpbhgZevgufbiZjdZfb

779. 2OJDZDVLPSUHVVHGZLWKGZHev]mijhba_ehi_qZle_gb_qlh k__`ebub ]hlhuihfhsv

780. +DGEHHQFXWHgbhkhagZebqlhkebrdhffgh]h^_j_v_[u- ehujm[e_gh

781. 10) Was surprised that it was autumn in Australia, and it was winter DWKRPHHev]Z[ueZm^be_gZqlh :kljZebbhk_gvZ ^hfZabfZ

782. 3. 1) He should go to Australia. He will be impressed by the beauty of this country. 2) The house is surrounded by gardens. 3) He said that some species had been protected since 1990s. 4) This part of the town was being separated when we came here 2 years ago. 5) The system will have been improved by the end of this year. Lesson 11 2. Quiz IhklZvl_]eZ]he gm`gmxnhjfmkljZ^Zl_evgh]haZeh]Z 1) was; 2) will be ; 3) is being; 4) will be ; 5) was; 6) was being; 7) was; 8) had been; 9) has been. AZ^Zcl_hijhkugZqbgZxsb_kykhke_^mxsbokeh 1) Will the money be spent on books? On what will the money be spent? 2) why are the hotels in Frankfurt fully booked?» 3) can the work be done in two days? In how many days can the work be done? 4) Must the letter be sent immediately? What must be sent immediately? 5) to whom has the contract just been faxed? I_j_^_eZcl_ij_^eh`_gbykljZ^Zl_evgucaZeh] The letter was shown to his mother by Mike. The gate is locked every night by Sabby. Interviews will be held by them in September. The house has been sold by the Smiths this month. A letter is being translated from Russian into English by her.

783. 147 When he entered the last student was being interviewed. Lesson 12 u[_jbl_ijZbevguchl_lb ijhqlbl__]hkemo

784. Wlhll_dklh Kvxa_g;Zle_j KehZj_FZdmbjb - :kljZebckdhfZg]ebckdhf

785. KehZjvFZdmbjb[uei_ju_him[ebdhZg - 1931 - 1970 - 1981

786. :kljZebckdbcZg]ebckdbchlebqZ_lkyhlhklZevguoujbZg- lhZg]ebckdh]hyaudZihlhfmqlh I_ju_hkm`^_ggu_b ihk_e_gpu]hhjbebihZg]ebckdb I_ju_hkm`^_ggu_b ihk_e_gpug_qblZebb g_ibkZeb I_ju_hkm`^_ggu_ b ihk_e_gpu f_gyeb agZq_gb_ kehZ beb aZbfklhZebghu_kehZdhlhju_m^he_lhjyebboihlj_[ghklb Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

787. DZdbf h[jZahf Zg]ebckdbc yaud jZkijhkljZgbeky :kljZ- ebb $Q HDV ZD IRU (QJOLVK WR H[SDQG ZDV WR ERUURZ IURP WKH Aboriginal languages.

788. DZdb_ kehZ [ueb aZbfklhZgu ba yaudZ Z[hjb]_gh 6XFK words as kangaroo, koala, kookaburra and wombat were borrowed from the Aboriginal languages.

789. Kms_klmxl eb yaudhu_ jZaebqby f_`^m klZjrbf b fheh- ^uf ihdhe_gbyfb DZdb_ HV WKHUH DUH 7KH RXQJHU JHQHUDWLRQ tends to take colloquialisms from America.

790. :kljZebckdZy hjnh]jZnby khhl_lklm_l [jblZgkdbf beb Zf_jbdZgkdbfljZ^bpbyf7KHVSHOOLQJUHIOHFWV%ULWLVKWUDGLWLRQ

791. ?klvebebygb_Zf_jbdZgkdh]hZg]ebckdh]hHVWKHUHLV,WLV increasingly influenced by American English. Homework I_j__^bl_ke_^mxsb_l_dklugZjmkkdbcyaud Dhfivxl_ju

792. ijhbkoh`^_gb_ Bah[j_gghQZjeva;_j[bq GZpbhgZevghklv[jblZg_p ZlZ P_evf_oZgbq_kdZykq_lgZyfZrbgZjZ[hlZxsZygZiZjm IjZjh^bl_ev k_o khj_f_gguo dhfivxl_jh [ue bah[j_l_g QZjevahf;_j[bq_fHg^he`_g[ueijhbah^blvkeh`gu_jZkq_lu b ZgZebabjhZlv bo ;jblZgkdh_ ijZbl_evklh kihgkbjhZeh

793. 148 - qlh[u ihkljhblv _]h H]jhfgZy fZrbgZ ;_j[bqZ ^he`gZ [ueZ ijh]jZffbjhZlvky k dhfihklbjhZgghc [mfZ`ghc e_glu JZkq_lu ^he`gu [ueb ijhbah^blvky k ihfhsvx lukyq jZsZx- sbokyam[qZluodhe_kbdh^b]ZxsbokyjuqZ]hb ihjrg_c ?keb [u k_ qZklb [ueb k^_eZgu ^_cklbl_evgh ijZbevgh hg [uf_^e_gghjZ[hlZeGhbog_k^_eZebijZbevgh Ih_jbl_ebu ]h^m bg`_g_ju Fma_y GZmdb Ehg^hg_ ihkljhbeb fZ- rbgm;_j[bqZHgZjZ[hlZeZ Dhfivxl_ju

794. ^hfZ IhimeyjbahZguk^_eZgub aZims_guKwjDeZcKbgde_j GZpbhgZevghklv[jblZg_p ZlZ P_ev;ulvi_juf dhfivxl_jhf klhysbf f_gvr_ ^heeZ- jhgZdhlhjhffh`ghmqblvky KwjDeZcKbgde_jg_bah[j_e^hfZrgbcdhfivxl_jghhgk^_- eZe_]h^hklmigufijhklufex^yfHgk^_eZewlhkijh_dlbjhZb kh[jZkZfuc^_r_ucdhfivxl_j=;Kbg_de_jZ[ueijh^ZgaZ nmglhkl_jebg]h M =;[ueZgmlj_ggyyiZfylvk_]hdbeh[Zcldbeh[Zcl² [ZclZh^bg[ZcljZ_g[md_bebpbnj_

795. M khj_f_gguodhf- ivxl_jhiZfylvihf_gvr_cf_j_dbeh[Zcl =;[uefZe_gvdbck ieZklbdhhcdeZbZlmjhchgihdZauZe ebgbbbaagZdhgZ^hfZrg_fl_e_bahj_Ghwlh[uedhfiv- xl_j Ih_jbl_ebu AZlhl]h^dh]^Z_]haZimklbebdhfivxl_jh=;Kbg- e_jZ[uebijh^Zgug_dhlhju_^_r_e_dZdijbklZdZ =;aZf_gbe=;Z aZl_f=;6SHFWUXPfgh]b_k__s_ mihl- j_[e_gbb ]h^mKbgde_jijh^Zekhc[bag_knbjf_©:fkljZ^ª Dhfivxl_ju

796. hkghgu_ijbgpbiu Dhfivxl_jkhklhblbafbeebhghdexqZl_e_cb udexqZl_e_c Dhfivxl_jm ©]hhjylª qlh ^_eZlv yaudhf ©dexqblv ² udex- qblvª ^_cklbl_evghklb©ªbeb©ªWlhgZauZ_lky©^hbqguc dh^ª beb ² wlh hq_gv h]jZgbq_ggZy bgnhjfZpby h^bg [bl Dhfivxl_jmgm`ghhk_fv[blhqlh[ujZkihagZlv[mdmbebpbn- jmh^bg [ZclGZijbf_j ² hk_fv [blh ij_^klZeyx- sboh^bg[Zcl khj_f_gguodhfivxl_jZok_k^_eZghhq_gvfZe_gvdbf FbeebhgudexqZl_e_ck bokh_^bg_gbyfbgZi_qZlZgugZdjh- r_qguo©qbiZoªbakbebdhgZdZd©kh_^bg_ggu_ko_fuª

797. 149 G_dhlhju_©qbiuªklZghylkyiZfylvxdhfivxl_jZ©i_j_dex- qZl_ebªkhojZgyxlbgnhjfZpbxb ]hlhu__ hkijhba_klbjm]b_ ©qbiuªbkihevamxlky^eybgkljmdpbc M dhfivxl_jZ^he`gu[ulvq_ldb_bgkljmdpbbWlbbgkljmdpbb gZauZxlkyijh]jZffhcwlhkehhk_]^Zibr_lkylZd ebl_jZlm- j_ h uqbkebl_evghc l_ogbd_

798. bgh]^Z fu bgkljmdlbjm_f dhfivx- l_ji_qZlZygZdeZbZlmj_Dhfivxl_jihdZauZ_llhqlhfugZi_- qZlZebgZ©mkljhckl_ajbl_evgh]hhlh[jZ`_gbyªbeb©fhgblhj_ª Dhfivxl_ju

799. khj_f_gguci_jkhgZevgucdhfivxl_j Bah[j_l_g:c;bWf GZpbhgZevghklvZf_jbdZgpu ZlZ P_evij_^hklZblvI_jkhgZevgucDhfivxl_j NbjfZ :c;bWf F_`^mgZjh^gu_ ;bag_k FZrbgu

800. aZimklbeZ ID ]h^mkdhj_ihke_^hZebmemqr_ggu__jkbb ;ZahucIDbf_ek_]hdbeh[Zclhi_jZlbghciZfylvHi_jZ- lbgZyiZfylv²kljh_ggZyiZfylvdhfivxl_jZbkihevam_fZyêy ijh]jZffguo bgkljmdpbc êy jZ[hq_]h ijhkljZgklZ b ojZg_gby bgnhjfZpbb M i_jh]hID[uelhevdh^bkdhh^bkd_lu²kj_^klZaZibkb ijh]jZffb mkljhcklhuh^ZbgnhjfZpbb ^bkdhh^_^bkd_lukqbluZxlkyb aZibkuZxlkyHgbgZauZxl- ky©]b[dbfb^bkdZfbªihlhfmqlhbagZqZevgh]gblZdbfbb [ueb K_]h^gy ^bkdb [hevrbf [_klhf êy ojZg_gby bgnhjfZpbb kljh_gu [hevrbgklhdhfivxl_jh Ih_jbl_ebu ;hevrbgklhi_jkhgZevguodhfivxl_jh fbj_yeyxlky©:c- ;bWfªkhf_klbfucghk^_eZguhgbjZagufbnbjfZfb;hevrbgklh dhff_jq_kdbo ijh]jZff ² we_dljhggZy h[jZ[hldZ l_dklZ djmighnhjfZlgZylZ[ebpZb l^gZibkZguêydhfivxl_jh:c;b- Wfkhf_klbfuo Dhfivxl_ju

801. dhfivxl_jgu_ijh]jZffu Dhfivxl_ju^_eZxllhevdhlhqlhbf]hhjylQZklhfuohlbf qlh[udhfivxl_j^_eZeh^gmb lm`__svkghZb kghZIhwlhfm uimkdZxlkyklZg^Zjlgu_bgkljmdpbb²ijh]jZffu KgZqZeZ ijhq_f dhfivxl_jm gm`gh agZlv dZdhc qZklb _]h kljh_gghciZfylbojZgblvbgnhjfZpbxb dZdk g_cjZ[hlZlvHk- ghgZyijh]jZffZgZauZ_lkyhi_jZpbhggZykbkl_fZbebhi_jZpb- hggZykbkl_fZ^bkdZ

802. H^ghcihimeyjghckbkl_fhcij_^klZe_gghc:c;bWfIDyey- _lky'26khdjZs_gghhlhi_jZpbhggZykbkl_fZ^bkdZFbdjhkhnl

803. Ihke_^gb_ mkh_jr_gklhZgb_ 06'26 ihahey_l Zf ]hhjblv

804. 150 dhfivxl_jmqlh^_eZlvmdZauZygZkehZ_sbbebdZjlbgdb

805. gZ wdjZg_WlZijhklZykbkl_fZgZauZ_lky:LQGRZV Dh]^Zdhfivxl_jihemqZ_lhi_jZpbhggu_bgkljmdpbbhgfh`_l [ulvaZijh]jZffbjhZg^_eZlvfgh]b__sbIhimeyjgu_ijh]jZf- fudexqZxlh[jZ[hldml_dklZ[Zau^ZgguolZ[ebpub ]jZnbq_- kdb_ijh]jZffu Ijh]jZffuh[jZ[hldbl_dklZ[_amij_qghhkijhbah^ylgZi_qZ- lZggh_kehh ;Zau^ZgguoojZgylfZkkmbgnhjfZpbb²^eye_]dh]h^hklmiZ Ijh]jZffuk lZ[ebpZfbojZgylb hkijhbah^ylpbnju =jZnbq_kdb_ijh]jZffukhklZeyxl]jZnbdbb ^bZ]jZffu Lesson 13 L_klmjh_gv

806. I_j__^bl_jZkkdZagZZg]ebckdbcyaudI_j_kdZ`bl__]h gZke_^mxs_fmjhd_ ;mfZ`gbd kdhj_ ky ^_j_gy magZeZ qlh [ueZ ihl_jygZ djmigZy kmffZ ^_g_];_gLbiibg]f_klgucfykgbdihl_jyekhc[mfZ`gbddh]^Z g_kkhbk[_j_`_gbygZ ihqlm;_g[ue m_j_gqlh_]h[mfZ`gbd gZr_eh^bgba`bl_e_c^_j_gbgh_fm_]hg__jgmeIjhrehljb f_kypZ b h^gZ`^u mljhf ;_g gZr_e khc [mfZ`gbd i_j_^ kh_c ^_jvxHg[ueaZ_jgml ]Za_lmb kh^_j`Zeihehbgml_o^_g_] dhlhju_hgihl_jyef_kl_k aZibkdhc©hj^ZghhjlhevdhgZ- ihehbgmª ^Z f_kypZ kimkly ;_gm ijbkeZeb g_fgh]h ^_g_] k aZ- ibkdhc©L_i_jvhjlhevdhgZªkhj_f_g_flZdbfh[jZahf ;_gm_jgmebk_^_gv]b ihke_^g_caZibkd_]hhjbehkv©L_i_jv y gZq_klgucq_eh_dª Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

807. H q_fmagZeZk_^_j_gy The whole village learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.

808. q_f[uem_j_g;_g Ben was sure that one of the villagers found his wallet but he didn’t return it.

809. Qlhkemqbehkvljbf_kypZkimkly Ben found his wallet at his front door.

810. Qlh[ueh [mfZ`gbd_ There was half of his money and a note.

811. IjbkeZebeb;_gmf_kypZkimkly_s_^_g_] Yes, it was.

812. ;uebebk_^_gv]bhajZs_gu;_gmkhj_f_g_f Yes, it was.

813. 151 AZihegbl_ijh[_eu :g]ebckdh_ ij_^eh`_gb_ Jmkkdh_ ij_^eh`_gb_ LbihijhkZ 1) Is this book published every year? 2) This book was published last year. 2) When was this book published? 3) What book will be published next year?

814. WlZ dgb]Z k_cqZk i_qZlZ_lky 4) Why is this book being printed now? 5)This book was being printed when he called. 5) When the book was being printed?

815. Wlmdgb]mm`_ gZi_qZlZeb 6) This book has already been published, hasn’t it? 7) This book had been published by September 1st . 7) By what time had the book been published? 8) This book will have been published by the next school year. 8) Will this book have been published by the next school year or later? I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) An interesting film was shown to them. 2) Misha is happy. A new bicycle was given to him. 3) The address was written in pencil. 4) His novel will be published in June. 5) When I entered, he was listened to with great interest. 6) Sasha and Olga were met by their friends from Australia. 7) Sydney is surrounded by parks, isn’t it? 8) What city has been chosen to host the Olympic Games of 2000? 9) Who was Australia discovered by? 10) The first settlers were greeted by the Aborigines. 11) Tasmania is separated from Australia, isn’t it? 12) Where is Australia located (situated)? L_klmjh_gv

816. IhklZvl_]eZ]heWREH ijZbevgmxnhjfmkljZ^Zl_evgh- ]haZeh]Z 1) will be; 2) will be; 3) is being ; 4) are. AZ^Zcl_hijhkugZqbgZxsb_kykhkeh kdh[dZo 1) What was she promised by Betsey? Was she promised a trip to London by Betsey? 2) What had been done before they arrived? When had the work been done? 3) Whose stay in England has been paid by Sergey’s parents? 4) Why was she being looked at? When was she being looked at? 5) What is being discaussed? Are very important problems beibg discussed?

817. 152 IhklZvl_ij_^eh`_gby kljZ^Zl_evgucaZeh]b i_j__- ^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaud

818. 7RXULVWVZHUHRIIHUHG DIUHHVLJKWVHHLQJ WULS LmjbklZf ij_^eh- `beb[_kieZlgmxwdkdmjkbx

819. $OHWWHULVEHLQJGLFWDWHGWRWKHVHFUHWDUE0U%URZQIbkvfh ^bdlhZehkvfbkl_jhf;jZmghf_]hk_dj_lZjx 3) The siutcase was being packed by Mr. Bailey, when Mr. Bailey’s wife FDOOHGFbkl_j;_cebmdeZ^uZeq_fh^Zgdh]^ZihahgbeZ_]h`_gZ

820. 7KHFRQWUDFWKDGEHHQVLJQHGEWKHHQGRIWKHPRQWKDhgljZdl [ueih^ibkZg^hdhgpZf_kypZ I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) Has her English improve since you talked to her last? 2) When he entered the room he noticed that the window was opened. 3) When was she told about it? 4) She was taught how to play this game last year. 5) By the end of November everything will have been covered with snow. 6) Why Nina was being laughed at when she sang? 7) He didn’t know he was being watched. 8) What was being discussed when you came in? 9) Tennis has been played for more than 100 years. 10) In the Australian English many words has been borrowed from the Aboriginal languages. 11) The Australian English is influenced by the American English. 12) The first settlement was founded by the British Government. 13) What is Sydney surrounded by? 14) Rare species of animals and birds should be protected. IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo ijZbevgmxnhjfmAZ^Zc- l_ iylv hijhkh d jZkkdZam I_j_kdZ`bl_ jZkkdZa gZ ke_^mx- s_fmjhd_ 1) worried; 2) had received; 3) was asked; 4) was wanted, didn’t worry; 5) was told, had been found; 6) had been picked up; 7) would be sent; 8) was surprised, had been stolen. Why Robin Bailey worried all day? What was he asked to do? What was he told by the policeman? Where his bike would be sent? Why was Robin surprised? Lesson 14 3 Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

821. QlhlZdh_]_j[ A coat of arms is the official emblem of the government.

822. 153

823. D_fhg[ue^ZjhZg:kljZebb It was granted by King George V.

824. Baq_]hkhklhbl]_j[ The coat of arms consist of a shield containing the badges of the six states. The supporters are emu and kangaroo. There is a wattle on the coat of arms. DZdhc^_gvyey_lkygZpbhgZevguf^g_f:kljZebb The 26th of January is Australia’s national day.

825. Qlhwlhl^_gvhlf_qZ_l This day marks the date in 1788 when captain Phillip commanded a fleet and sailed into the Port Jackson. Hibrbl_neZ]:kljZebb Australia’s flag is blue. A small Union Jack in the corner represents the historical link with Britain. There are seven-pointed stars which represent the six States and the Territories. There are small stars which form the Southern Cross. Lesson 17 Ijh_jvl_k_[yQlhumagZebbawlhc]eZu Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

826. Dlhklj_lbeKZrmb Hex Zwjhihjlm Tom did.

827. Kdhevdhj_f_gbaZgyi_j_e_l^h:kljZebb It took them about 24 hours to get to Australia.

828. KdhevdhkljZgKZrZihk_lbe^hwlh]h Sasha has visited two countries — the USA and Great Britain.

829. Ihq_fmKZrZb Heyijb_oZeb :kljZebx They came to Australia to improve their English and to learn more about Australia’s culture.

830. DZdb_kehZijbrebbayaudZZ[hjb]_gh «Boomerang» and «kangaroo» came from the Aborigines.

831. DlhlZdb_Z[hjb]_gu Aborigines are the Australian natives. They had been living there for thousands and thousands of years before the first Europeans came. Ih^q_jdgbl_ijZbevgu_ml_j`^_gby

832. Ex^b :kljZebbhq_gv_`ebu_b ^jm`_ex[gu_

833. I_r_oh^Zfijboh^blky^he]h`^Zlvqlh[ui_j_clb^hjh]m

834. Fgh]b_ilbpu`bmlijyfh ]hjh^_

835. Dh]^ZHeyijb_oZeZ :kljZebx[ueZ_kgZ Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

836. DZdhc]hjh^kZfuc[hevrhcb klZjuc :kljZebb Sydney is.

837. Kb^g_cgZoh^blkygZk__j_:kljZebb No, it is not.

838. 154

839. =^_jh^bebkvfgh]b_`bl_eb]hjh^Z Lots of Sydney’s residents were born overseas.

840. DZdh_a^Zgb_ Kb^g__ijhbah^bl[hevrh_i_qZle_gb_ The most impressive building in Sydney is Sydney Opera house.

841. Kdhevdhq_eh_d`bml Kb^g__ Population is about 3,700, 000 and it is still growing. hihegbl_ij_^eh`_gby 1) the Australia was discovered in 1770 by James Cook. 2) The discoverer of Australia claimed it for the King of England. 3) The first settlers were convicts. 4) People rushed to Australia because gold was discovered there. 5) Australia became independent in 1931. 60 Australia is located in the southern hemisphere. 7) The hottest month in Australia is January. 8) About 70 per cent of the population live in the 10 largest cities. 9) Canberra is the capital of Australia. 10) The Olympic Games were held in Melbourne in 1956 and will be held in Sydney in 2000. 11) Is in London it’s 8 a.m., in Sydney it is 10 p.m. 12) People in Australia speak Australian English. AZihegbl_lZ[ebpm Zf_jbdZgkdbc [jblZgkdbc :kljZebckdbc Apartment bath Bath Elevator lift Tin Candy cookie Biscuit French fries porridge Porridge Form Year Subway / metro Public toilet Public toilet The cinema The movies / the pictures Store Shop Petrol Petrol Football Soccer Holiday Holiday Last name Surname Sneakers Trainers / gymshoes fall 6. 1) You’re welcome. 2) That’s all right. 3) I’m fine thanks. 4) Buy. See you later. 5) Yes, it is. 6) Congratulations. 7) Thank you very much. 8) Yes, please.

842. 155 7. a coat of arms, Australia’s flag, the date when the first ships sailed into Port Jackson. GZibrbl_gZaZgbyl_jjblhjbcgZdZjl_ Ke_ZgZijZhZHVWHUQDXVWUDOLD1RUWHUQ7HUULWRU4XHHQVODQG South Australia, New South Wales, KZfucgb`gbcrlZl9LFWRULD Hkljh7DVPDQLD J:;HQ:YL?LJ:V CHAPTER 2 Lesson 1 Homework 2. Many of the students in my class are interested in meeting you. Fgh]b_bamq_gbdhfh_]hdeZkkZohlylk Zfbklj_lblvky

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854. Hldjhcl_kdh[dbumqbl_gZbamklv 1) to visit; 2) Are interested in meeting; 3) Convinient; 4) What an Australian school is like; 5) Attends; 6) Studying; 7) Studying; 8) Most of his classes, a lot of interesting courses, cooking, wood-working, office skills; 9) Similar. Lesson 2 Homework 1. to be attracted; to have been explained; to be attending; to have established; to be explained; to be impressed; to have been improving; ton have been punishing; to be regarded. 2. 1) His task was to attract her attention. 2) We must protect the environment. 3) He made Helen borrow some money from him. 4) I’d rather not explain anything to Mark 5) She was too old and weak to influence the events. 6) Sydney was chosen to host 200 Olympic Games. 7) She is clever and beautiful enough to impress any guy. 8) Diana was happy to have participated in the conference. 9) I have a lot of friends to be met at the station. 10) Does your brother need to attend classes on Saturday? 11) I’d like to share my impressions about visiting England. 12) He was the first to be asked some questions. 13) They were to help him. 14) Don’t let him worry. H[t_^bgbl_^Zij_^eh`_gbybkihevamyRPSOH[2EMHFW 1) Her teacher expects her to improve her English. 2) Mr Dickinson’s pupils believe him to be a very good teacher. 3) The parents would like their children to be polite. 4.

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886. I_j__^bl_k jmkkdh]hgZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) They went to Moscow to visit their friends. 2) It’s useful to swim im the swimming pool. 3) She told children to go to bed. 4) I’m glad to have met you. 5) Excuse me, can I help you? 6) It’ s interesting to study languages. 7) Every citizen must protect the nature. 8) We’d rather not tell her anything. 9) Shoul I pay now? 10) He would play football when he was tyounger. 11) You’d better go by bus.

887. 158 12) Do you want them to stay at your place? 13) She shouldn’t work so much. You must help her. 14) He heard somebody knock the door. 15) Robin expected Kim to have passed the exam. 16) I saw Mark enter the house. 17) «What did she want him to do?» — »She wanted him to marry her». 18) We didn’t want them to be late for the train. 19) Dan didn’t expect the dealers to have sold 100 000 books. 20) Stewart wants the book to be printed in June. 21) She asked Tom not to borrow money from Robin. 22) Don’t let him punish the child. 23) Let Mary explain everything to you. 24) What made you believe him? 25) Let us not think about it. Lesson 3 Homework 1. Hi, Jaoo, My name is Olga and I’m a student in a Russian school. I live in Moscow, the capital of Russia. It’s funny that some people might think that you have koalas in your backyards. At the same time many people are sure that there are bears in the streets of Moscow. I think it’s great that your school is multi-cultural. You get to meet people from different countries and learn some interesting things about their culture. I’m in year 11 at a secondary school. Our school is co-educational. We usually get along with one another. I study Maths, Russian, Chemistry, Biology and other subject. When I finish school I hope to do to a University and study economics. I have a brother. He is two years younger that I am. Our family often has barbeques, which gives us time to talk to each other. Please, write more about your hobbies and your friends. Olga Novikova. Lesson 4 I_j__^bl_mklghk Zg]ebckdh]hgZjmkkdbcyaudGZc^bl_ b ih^q_jdgbl_RPSOH[6XEMHFW

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905. =hhjylqlhhgbiml_r_klmxlm`_g_^_ebWKHWRKDYH been travelling) Homework 1. (1) 1) What atmosphere does Diane’s school have? 2) What school does her uniform represents? 3) What is Diane’s background? 4) Do they have barbeques occasionally? 5) What does Diane want to become? (2) 1) Where are Chris’s parents from? 2) What is his favourite subject? 3) What school does Chris attend? 4) What game does he like to play? 5) What are the differences between Australian Rules Football and soccer? (3) 1) What school does Alysia attend? 2) What year she is in? 3) What does she intend to do when she finishes school? 4) What are Alysia’s hobbies? 5) Is Drama one of her favourite subjects? (4) 1) What school does Carmina study in? 2) What country did she migrate from? 3) Do es she call Australia home? 4) Are conflicts rare in her school? 5) What should you expect to eat if you come to Australia? (5) 1) Can koalas and kangaroos be found in the streets? 2) What state does Jaoo live in? 3) Is there a strong feeling of belonging? 4) What school does Jaoo attend? 5) Where was he born? (6) 1) How old is Daniela? 2) Is she originally a Portual? 3) Do the students of Casimir College get to meet people from different countries? 4) Does Daniela have to wear a uniform at school. 5) What are her hobbies? (7) 1) What is Sandra currently studying? 2) Is Sandra half Lebanese and half Armenian? 3) What languages does she speak? 4) How old is she? 5) Does she enjoy living in a big household? (8) 1) Is Glenroy far from Melbourne? 2) What school does Emily attend? 3) Where does she play alto saxophone? 4) Is she in her school’s debating team? 5) What do Emily and her friends do when they go to Melbourne? (9) 1) Does Paul go to Casimir College? 2) Does his school have a happy atmosphere? 3) What are Paul’s hobbies? 4) When did his parents migrate to Australia? 5) What background does Paul have?

906. 160 (10) 1) What is Graceann learning now? 2) What is her school called? 3) What kind of school is it? 4) Is school made up of students from all different countries? 5) What does she like to do? Lesson 5 hihegbl_ij_^eh`_gbyb i_j__^bl_bogZjmkkdbcyaud

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910. I_j__^bl_k jmkkdh]hgZZg]ebckdbc 1) Alla Pugacheva is believed to be the most popular singer in our country. 2) The elevator is believed to be invented by an American Otis in 1853. 3) He is unlikely to take part in the conference. 4) He is sure to win this tournament. 5) Ht delegation of the Russian scientists is reported to have arrived in America. 6) Australia is supposed to have been discovered in 1770. 7) She seems to know everything. 8) She proved to be the best student in our class. 9) He is likely to call you tomorrow. 10) She is unlikely to help you. 11) This book is said not to be published in autumn. 12) You are sure to like Australia’s nature and its inhabitants. Lesson 6 Homework I_j__^bl_k Zg]ebckdh]hgZjmkkdbcyaud

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924. q_faZdexqZ_lkyp_evwlh]hij_^f_lZ²7KHDLPRIWKHVXEMHFWLV to develop skills in food preparation and gain an understanding of health issues.

925. Qlh mq_gbdb mqZlky ]hlhblv 7KH VWXGHQWV OHDUQ WR FRRN Crocodile Bread, Sausage Rolls soup and many other tasty dishes.

926. Ihq_fmkeh`ghgZaZlv[ex^Zb j_p_iludhlhju_lhevdhZ- kljZebckdb_ ² ,W LV GLIILFXOW WR PHQWLRQ IRRGV RU UHFLSHV WKDW DUH particularly Australian because Australian food is a result of a great diversity of cultures.

927. DZdb_[ex^Z_klvlhevdh :kljZebb²DEELHVDQGNDQJDURR steak are unique to Australia.

928. DZdhcihimeyjguckihkh[ijb]hlhe_gbyibsb²%DUEHTXH is a popular style of preparing food. Homework 2. 1) Australian school offers a wide range of activities. 2) The students go in for athletics, swimming and cross country. 3) The students who are involved in these activities are awarded Academic Achievement Awards. 4) The students are offered further activities for development, when they participate in public speaking, debates and student government. 5. 1) You’ll enjoy travelling around Melbourne on the City Circle 7UDPZfihgjZblkyiml_r_klhZlvihF_ev[mjgmgZ=hjh^kdhf Djm]hhfLjZfZ_

929. 2) While you are sitting on the tram, the conductor will point out the PRVWLQWHUHVWLQJVLJKWVLQ0HOERXUQHIhdZkb^brv ljZfZ_dhg^mdlhj h[jZlbl Zr_ gbfZgb_ gZ kZfu_ bgl_j_kgu_ ^hklhijbf_qZ- l_evghklbF_ev[mjgZ

930. 3) It is home to many cultural groups, speaking 170 languages and giving 0HOERXUQH D XQLTXH FKDUDFWHU Wlh ^hf fgh]bo dmevlmjguo ]jmii]hhjysbogZyaudZob ijb^ZxsboF_ev[mjgm_]hg_ih- lhjbfucoZjZdl_j

931. 4) When designing buildings, architects in Melbourne think hard DERXWWKHVFHQHUDQGWKHVXUURXQGLQJVRIWKHEXLOGLQJVLWHIjh_dlbjmy ghu_a^ZgbyZjobl_dlhjuF_ev[mjgZ^mfZxlh i_caZ`_b hlhf qlhhdjm`Z_lkljhbl_evgmxiehsZ^dm

932. 5) The National Gallery of Victoria, established in 1861, is the state DUWJDOOHUGZpbhgZevgZy=Ze_j_ybdlhjbbhkghZggZy ]h- ^myey_lky]hkm^Zjkl_gghc]Ze_j__cbkdmkkl

933. 6) This place is worth visitingWlhf_klhklhblihk_lblv

934. 162 7) The magnificent collection, totaling over 70 000 works, range from paintings, sculpture and photography to decorative arts, prints and GUDZLQJV_ebdhe_igZydhee_dpbyh[sbfqbkehf[he__jZ- [hlgZqbgZyk dZjlbgkdmevilmjub nhlh]jZnbbb dhgqZyijbdeZ^- gufbkdmkklhf]jZxjZfbb jbkmgdZfb

935. 8) The Rialto Tower Observation Desk, situated on level 55 of Melbourne’s tallest building, provides a panoramic view of Melbourne DQGWKHVXUURXQGLQJODQGPDUNVKfhljhZyIehsZ^dZ;ZrgbJbZelh jZkiheh`_ggZy gZ wlZ`_ kZfh]h ukhdh]h F_ev[mjg_ a^Zgby h[_ki_qbZ_liZghjZfguc b^ gZF_ev[mjgb hdjm`Zxsb_^hklh- ijbf_qZl_evghklb

936. 9) The Centre houses the Melbourne Concert Hall, Performing Arts Museum and three major theatres collectively seating 5 880 people with DUHYROYLQJVWDJHHVSHFLDOOIRURSHUD P_glj_gZoh^blkyF_ev[mjgkdbc Dhgp_jlguc AZe Fma_c Bah[jZabl_evguo Bkdmkkl b ljb ]eZguol_ZljZ dhlhjuoh[sbfqbkehfihf_sZ_lkyq_eh_d k jZsZxs_ckykp_ghcki_pbZevgh^eyhi_ju

937. 10) Don’t miss the opportunity to learn about one of the oldest living FXOWXUHVLQWKHZRUOGG_ijhimklbl_hafh`ghklvmagZlvh[h^ghcba kZfuoklZjuodmevlmj fbj_

938. 11) Playing tennis, golf, baseball and football, surfing, water-skiing, boating, yachting, cycling and running are very popular in Melbourne. L_ggbk]hevn[_ck[heb nml[hek_jnbg]h^gu_eu`bijh]medb gZ eh^dZo iZjmkguc kihjl _ehkihjl b [_] hq_gv ihimeyjgu F_ev[mjg_

939. 12) Don’t forget to visit WKH0HOERXUQH=RRG_aZ[m^vl_ihk_lblv F_ev[mjgkdbcAhhiZjd

940. 13) Established LQLWLVRQHRIWKHROGHVW]RRVLQWKHZRUOGHk- ghZgguc ]h^mhgyey_lkyh^gbfbaklZj_crboahhiZjdh fbj_

941. 14) Make sure to try fresh juice made of watermelons, melons, FDUURWVRUDQJHVHWFH[yaZl_evghkhc^bl_k ljZfZyqlh[uihijh[h- Zlvk_`bckhdbaZj[mah^ugvfhjdhbZi_evkbghb l^

942. Lesson 8 1.

943. DZd q_eh_d fh`_l h[t_oZlv F_ev[mjg2QH FDQ HQMR travelling around Melbourne on the City Circle Tram.

944. Qlhk^_eZ_ldhg^mdlhjihdZu ljZfZ_ The conductor will pint out the most interesting sights in Melbourne.

945. DZdufh`_l_^hdZaZlvqlhF_ev[mjg²]hjh^k jZaghh[jZ- ab_fdmevlmj Melbourne is a multi-cultural city because over a quarter of the population was born overseas.

946. 163

947. GZkdhevdboyaudZo]hhjylex^b`bmsb_ F_ev[mjg_ People living in Melbourne speak 170 languages.

948. Fgh]heb]j_dhb blZevygp_`b_l F_ev[mjg_ Yes, many Greeks and Italians live in Melbourne.

949. Ihq_fmF_ev[mjgkqblZ_lkyijbagZgghcdmevlmjghcklhebp_c :kljZebb Melbourne is considered to be the acknowledged Culture Capital of Australia because it has world-class music, dance, opera, comedy and theatre.

950. H q_f ^mfZxl Zjobl_dlhju dh]^Z ijh_dlbjmxl a^Zgby F_ev[mjg_ When designing buildings in Melbourne architects think about the scenery and the surroundings of the building site.

951. Dh]^Z[ueZhkghZgZGZpbhgZevgZy=Ze_j_y The National Gallery was established in 1861.

952. Ihq_fmwlhf_klhklhblihk_lblv This place is worth visiting because it presents exhibitions of historical and contemporary art from within Australia and other countries.

953. Q_fba_kl_gP_gljBkdmkklbdlhjby Victorian Arts Centre is known for its superb facilities and 115 meter webbed steel spire.

954. DZdgZauZ_lkykZfh_ukhdh_a^Zgb_F_ev[mjgZ The name of the tallest building in Melbourne is the Rialto Tower.

955. QlhgZoh^blky P_glj_ The Centre houses the Melbourne Concert Hall, Performing Arts Museum and three major theatres.

956. Qlh mb^yl lmjbklu _keb ih_^ml gZ wdkdmjkbx GZke_^b_ :[hjb]_gh If the tourists go on Aboriginal Heritage tours they will learn about one of the oldest cultures in the world visit tribal lands and meet the people.

957. hdZ`bl_ qlh F_ev[mjg_ h^gb ba kZfuo nZgZlbqguo kihjlkf_gh fbj_ Melbourne has one of the most fanatical sporting public in the world because such sports as playing tennis, golf, baseball, football, surfing, water-skating, boating, yachting, cycling and running are very popular.

958. Dh]^Z[uehkghZgF_ev[mjgkdbcahhiZjd The Melbourne Zoo was established in 1857.

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1000. DZdu^mfZ_l_m `_gsbguoZlbeh[u^_g_]qlh[udmiblv ieZlv_ Yes, she had enough money. She bought it in the end.

1001. Ihq_fmhgZg_ihgjZbeZkvijh^Zpm The assistant didn’t like her because her was wearing jeans.

1002. Ihq_fm`_gsbgZijbreZ lhlfZ]ZabggZke_^mxsbc^_gv She came to the shop the following day to punish the rude assistant.

1003. GZreZebhgZ]jm[h]hijh^ZpZ Yes, she did.

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1007. 170 6) She enjoyed dancing when she was young. 7) I remember seeing him last week. 8) Australia is worth visiting. 9) He is not capable of translating this text, is he? 10) Ann continued to walk without stopping. 11) Peter stopped singing 5 years ago. 12) They couldn’t help remembering their journey. 13) Not having found her phone number he couldn’t call her. 14) Having read the letter she run out of the room. 15) She was looking for the telegram received the day before. 16) The guests sitting at the table are my sister’s friends. 17) Having visited Tom’s school Sasha and Olga learnt many interesting things. L_klmjh_gv

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1018. Lesson 12 I_j__^bl_k jmkkdh]hgZZg]ebckdbc 1) Every state and territory in Australia makes its own education laws. 2) Australia and the USA have public schools and private schools. 3) In Australia children between ages of five and fifteen are required to attend school. 4) Australia’s school year consists of four terms and begins in February. 5) There are two weeks of holidays between terms 6) Secondary school in Australia consists of grade seven through twelve. 7) Schools where one teacher may teach all grades are located in the country. Ijhqlbl_ b i_j__^bl_ l_dkl AZl_f h[km^bl_ _]h k h^gh- deZkkgbdZfb :dlh Ijh]jZffZoKj_^gboRdhe Ih^^_j`dmKh[h^u Kha^Zgguc k_gZlhjhf ;j_^eb ]h^m )6$663 bkihevah- Zekyr_klve_lIjh]jZffZdhlhjuckihgkbjm_lBgnhjfZpbhggh_ Z]_glklhKR: b mijZey_l :f_jbdZgkdbc Kh_l Ij_ih^ZZl_e_c Jmkkdh]h YaudZ :f_jbdZgkdbc p_glj Khljm^gbq_klZ h[eZklb H[jZahZgby b Bamq_gby yaudh ihahey_l ijb[ebabl_evgh klm^_glZfklZjrbodeZkkhJhkkbb mqblvky KR: h^bg mq_[guc ]h^

1019. 173 P_evxbkke_^hZgby[ueh magZlvkbevghebeby_l]h^h[mq_- gby :f_jbd_gZihe_bamq_gbyklm^_glZb _]hp_eb dZjv_j_b dZ- db_i_qZle_gbyhklZxlkyihke_Zf_jbdZgkdbordheBflZd`_aZ- ^ZZebhijhkuh lhf dZdhfdeZkk_hgb[ueb :f_jbd_b ^hfZ dZdb_ij_^f_lubf[hevr_f_gvr_k_]hihgjZbebkv Zf_jbdZg- kdbokj_^gboaZ_^_gbyob bamqZxlebhgbZg]ebckdbcyaud J_amevlZlubkke_^hZgbyihdZaZebqlhh^bg]h^h[mq_gbyg_baf_- gbeiheghklvxj_r_gbymq_gbdhu[hj_lh]hqlhhgb[m^mlbamqZlv mgb_jkbl_l_ gh ihfh]eh [he__ lhqgh hij_^_eblv gZijZe_gb_ GZ- ijbf_jmq_gbdhohl_ebbamqZlvbghkljZggu_yaudbij_`^_q_f hgbm_oZebihke_hajZs_gbywlZpbnjZmf_gvrbeZkv^hZ mq_- gbdhohl_rbobamqZlvf_`^mgZjh^gu_hlghr_gbyujhkeZk ^h hih_a^dbmq_gbdbjZkkfZljbZebdZjv_jmkyaZggmxkhagZgb- _fZg]ebckdh]h yaudZlhevdhk lhqdbaj_gby ebg]bklbdb gh k_cqZk hgbieZgbjmxlijbf_gblvagZgbyyaudZ f_`^mgZjh^guoijhn_kkbyo L_fg_f_g__[hevrbgklhmq_gbdhohl_ebihklmiZlvgZwdhghfbq_- kdb_nZdmevl_lub ^hih_a^dbaZ]jZgbpmb ihke_ Z^pZlvljbijhp_glZmq_gbdhk__s_g_j_rbebd_fhgboh- lyl klZlv b wlh [ueh kZfuf qZkluf hl_lhf bamq_gb_ [bag_kZ

1020. [uelhjufgZb[he__qZklufhl_lhfJZ[hlZi_j_h^qbdhf [ueZ lj_lv_c ih ihimeyjghklb ijhn_kkb_c dZjv_jZ xjbkijm^_gpbbb mq_[ZaZ]jZgbp_c²q_l_jlufb iylufihihimeyj- ghklbhl_lZfb KjZg_gb_Zf_jbdZgkdhcb jhkkbckdhckbkl_fh[mq_gby[ueh^- gbf ba Z`g_crbo hijhkh bkke_^hZgbb gZ dhlhjuc mq_gbdb bkke_^hZeb l_q_gbb^he]h]hj_f_gbLjb^pZlvr_klvijhp_glh hijhr_gguo mq_gbdh kdZaZeb qlh kZfZy [hevrZy jZagbpZ f_`^m kbkl_fZfb ^mo kljZg aZdexqZ_lky lhf qlh mq_gbdb :f_jbd_ fh]mlu[bjZlvij_^f_lu©Kh[h^Zª²hl]eZgh_kehhdhlhjh_ mq_gbdbmihlj_[eyebdhff_glbjmy^jm]b_Zki_dluh[jZahZl_evghc kbkl_fu KR:kh[h^ukha^ZZlvkh_jZkibkZgb_kh[h^ZmqZ- klhZlvhg_ieZghuof_jhijbylbyokh[h^Z deZkk_kms_kl- mxsZyf_`^mmqbl_e_fb mq_gbdZfb k_fmq_gbdZfihgjZbeZkvZlfhkn_jZ Zf_jbdZgkdbordheZo L_fg_f_g__hibkZebkbkl_fm KR:dZd©e_]dmxªb ^h[Z- eyeb qlh ^he`gh [ulv [hevr_ h[yaZl_evguo ij_^f_lh b [hevr_ ^hfZrg_cjZ[hlu?keb[uhgbfh]ebbaf_gblvkbkl_fmh[jZahZ- gby KR: hgb [u mklZghbeb [he__ kljh]b_ klZg^Zjlu dhg- ljhevguo b hp_gdZo g_ jZaghh[jZaguc u[hj beb uklZe_gbx hp_ghdih]jZnbdm

1021. b m_ebq_gb_hkghguolj_[hZgbc Dh]^ZbokijhkbebdZd[uhgbohl_ebbaf_gblvkbkl_fmh[jZah- Zgby kh_ckljZg_hgbkdZaZebqlhohl_eb[uu[bjZlvij_^f_- lub jZkibkZgb_kZfb

1022. 174 Qlhhgb^mfZxl ©Y ^mfZxqlhZf_jbdZgkdb_rdheu^Zxl[hevr_hafh`ghkl_c bamqZlvjZaebqgu_ij_^f_lulZdqlhfh`ghu[jZlvij_^f_ludh- lhju_l_[_bgl_j_kgub dhlhju_l_[_ihgZ^h[ylky [m^ms_cijh- n_kkbbª?dZl_jbgZLjhnbfhZDmj]Zg

1023. ©Kihjl b]jZ_l kebrdhf Z`gmx jhev Zf_jbdZgkdbo rdheZo Mqblvky^_cklbl_evghe_]dhª?e_gZK_f_ghZB`_kd

1024. © :f_jbd_fg_ijboh^behkv^_eZlvgZfgh]hf_gvr_q_f Jh- kbbªHev]ZGba_g[ZmfeZ^bhklhd

1025. ©Fbjex[hvm^klhdbkdmkklh^_lbb fgh]haZfhjh`_ggh]h ch]mjlZªBjbgZH]mjqbdhZGh]hjh^

1026. ©Fh_ij_[uZgb_ RlZlZof_gykbevghbaf_gbeh_eh[uehg_ lhfqlhwlhKR:Z lhfqlhy lZf[uekZfihk_[_ª:gZlhebc Kl_nZghbqLvxf_g

1027. ©Y ^hwl]hg_agZedZdhh[ulvg_aZbkbfufY ^fZxqlhwlh [ueaZf_qZl_evguchiulGZlZevy;hjabdhZKudludZj

1028. ©Wlh]h^dhlhjucy ijh_e KR:ihfh]fg_mb^_lvimlvih dhlhjhfmy kh[bjZxkvihclbªN_ebdk:]ZdhQ_[hdkZju

1029. ©Y [uohl_eqlh[uk_Zf_jbdZgpumagZebqlhhgbg_fh]mlih- _oZlv ?jhimgZfZrbg_ª@ZggZEbiZlhZeZ^bfbj

1030. ©Y ih^mfuZxh lhfqlh[u

1031. klZlvfwjhfHfkdZ

1032. djmiguf [bag_kf_ghfdhlhjuckfh`_lihfhqvkh_ckljZg_b dhlhjucihfh`_lg_kfhljygbgZqlhªFZdkZjlp_Hfkd

1033. hihegbl_ij_êh`_gby 1) Students living far from the city attend «Schools of the Air». 2) When it’s time for school they listen to the teacher on the radio. 3) Students answer questions over the microphone. 4) The teacher assigns homework to do. 5) Having done homework, the students mail it to the teacher. 6) Then the teacher discusses the homework over the microphone corrects it and sends it back. Homework 1. GZdhg_plh ijbreZ _kgZ K_lbl khegp_ ilbpu ihxl kk_ p_l_lY kqZklebQ_j_af_kypaZdhgqZlkyaZgylbyK_cqZky ^mfZy qlhy [m^mkdmqZlvihrdhe_e_lhfQ_]hfg_[m^_lg_oZlZlvFhy rdheZkZfZyh[uqgZyLZdZydZdmxfh`ghmb^_lvhk_ofZe_gv- dbo]hjh^ZoWlhq_luj_owlZ`gh_a^Zgb_gbq_fg_u^_eyxs__ky kgZjm`b gh ijbe_dZl_evgh_ gmljb I_juc wlZ` ij_^gZagZq_g êymq_gbdhfeZ^rbodeZkkh;b[ebhl_dZb dZn_l_jbclh`_gZoh- ^ylkygZi_jhfwlZ`_D g_fmijbfudZ_lkihjlaZeGZrkihjlaZe ^_cklbl_evghohjhrbcb mq_gbdZflZfk_]^ZjZû:]Zhli_j- h_q_]hfg_[m^_lg_oZlZlvFh_]hlj_g_jZih[Zkd_l[hemb fh_c

1034. 175 dhfZgû GZrZ [Zkd_l[hevgZy dhfZg^Z mqZklhZeZ h fgh]bo kh- j_ghZgbyob k_]^Zih[_`^ZeZ GZi_jhfwlZ`_lZd`_gZoh^ylkyrdhevgu_fZkl_jkdb_]^_^_- hqdb mqZlkyrblv Z fu jZ[hlZ_f k ^_j_hf b f_lZeehf Fg_ g_ m^Zekywlhlij_^f_lY lhqghg_[m^mkdmqZlvihgZrbfrdhevguf fZkl_jkdbf Gh_klv_s_h^gZ_svdhlhjhcfg_[m^_lg_oZlZlvQlhwlh GZlhjhfwlZ`_fh_crdheugZoh^ylkydZ[bg_lujZaebqguoij_^- f_lhfZl_fZlbdbebl_jZlmjunbabdbbklhjbbZg]ebckdh]hyau- dZhj_fyrdhevgh]h]h^Zy gbdh]^Zg_aZoh`m dZ[bg_lfZl_fZ- lbdb _keb m f_gy g_l lZf mjhdZ Y g_ ex[ex fZl_fZlbdm HgZ keh`gZyb yfZehqlhihgbfZx : wlh gZr dZ[bg_l Zg]ebckdh]h Y hq_gv ex[ex Zg]ebckdbc yaud Y ijhh`m fgh]h j_f_gb wlhf dZ[bg_l_ ihke_ lh]h dZd mjhdaZdhgqbekyFhymqbl_evgbpZihZg]ebckdhfmyaudmhq_gvmf- gZydjZkbZyb wg_j]bqgZy GZ__mjhdZofufgh]h_magZ_fh[:g]ebbb :f_jbd_qblZ_fb jZa- ]hZjbZ_fKemrZlvex^_c]hhjysbogZZg]ebckdhfyaud_Z aZl_f hl_qZlv gZ bo hijhkuhq_gv bgl_j_kgh Fu lZd`_ kfhljbf b^_h- nbevfugZZg]ebckdhfyaud_b aZl_fh[km`^Z_fbo wlhf]h^mgZ mjhdZoZg]ebckdh]hy umqbeg_kdhevdhZf_jbdZgkdboi_k_gb ihlhf i_ebogZ_q_jbgd_Wlh[uehaZf_qZl_evghk_fihgjZbehkv GZlj_lv_fwlZ`_gZoh^ylkydZ[bg_luêyklZjrbodeZkkh : hl_s_h^gZ_svdhlhjZyfg_gjZblky fh_crdhe_Wlh gZrrdhevguckZ^Y [uohl_eqlh[uu_]hmb^_eb_kghcLZf _klvy[ehgbb brgbb hgbk_cqZk p_lmFujZ[hlZ_f g_fk Zi- j_ey ih hdly[jv dZ`ûc ]h^ Gm ^mfZx gZ k_]h^gy ^hklZlhqgh Fg_ihjZb^lbkiZlvihlhfmqlhaZljZ qZkhm f_gyi_jucwd- aZf_gY k^Zfk_wdaZf_gud bxgyb [m^mkh[h^_g Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

1035. ZrZrdheZgZoh^blky ^_j_g_beb ]hjh^_ My school is in the town.

1036. HgZghZybebklZjZy It’s rather old.

1037. DZdhgZu]ey^bl It looks plain outside.

1038. ?klvebi_j_^rdhehcqlhgb[m^v There is garden in front of my school.

1039. QlhgZoh^blkygZdZ`^hfwlZ`_rdheu On the ground floor there is a cloakroom, a canteen, doctor’s office. The gymnasium is attached to it. on the first floor there are also workshops where boys try to create something of wood or metal and girls sew or knit. The first floor is for junior pupils. On the third and the fourth

1040. 176 floor there are classrooms for different subjects. The hall is also on the fourth floor. Various meetings and concerts are held there.

1041. M Zk_klvex[bfZydeZkkgZydhfgZlZ Yes, I do. It is our English classroom.

1042. Ihq_fmhgZZfgjZblky I like it because it is a bright room, decorated with cheerful pictures and posters. There are a lot of plants in it.

1043. DZdhcm Zkex[bfucij_^f_lIhq_fm My favourite subject is English. It’s interesting to read and listen in English.

1044. Q_fuaZgbfZ_l_kvgZmjhdZoZg]ebckdh]h We read, write and discuss texts. We also listen to tapes and watch films in English. We play different games imagining that we are some other people.

1045. Bgl_j_kguebZrbmjhdbZg]ebckdh]hyaudZ Yes, they are. Our teacher is clever and enthusiastic, she always invents something new so it is never boring at her classes.

1046. QlhuihdZ`_l_^jm]mba^jm]h]h]hjh^Z_kebhgijb^_l Zrmrdhem I would show him out wall paper which contains different articles written by pupils and drawings.

1047. u[m^_l_kihfbgZlvkhxrdheme_lhf Yes, I will. 3. My school My school begins at 9.30 a.m. and ends at 2.40 p.m. we have a break for lunch in the middle of the day. I go to school by bus. I like my school because we all get along with each other. I enjoy spending time with my friends at school. I also like my teachers. We do not wear uniform and I think it’s good because pupils can express their individuality. Our school building is rather old. It looks plain outside. There is garden in front of my school. There are apple trees, which are in blossom in spring. On the ground floor there is a cloakroom, a canteen, doctor’s office. The gymnasium is attached to it. on the first floor there are also workshops where boys try to create something of wood or metal and girls sew or knit. The first floor is for junior pupils. On the third and the fourth floor there are classrooms for different subjects. The hall is also on the fourth floor. Various meetings and concerts are held there. The library is also on the fourth floor. It is large and lit with sunlight. I go there to look for extra material after school. I can also find there interesting books to read. My favourite subject is English. We read, write and discuss texts. We also listen to tapes and watch films in English. We play different games imagining that we are some other people. Our teacher is clever and

1048. 177 enthusiastic, she always invents something new so it is never boring at her classes. Lesson 13 Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

1049. DZdukqblZ_l_ dZdhfhajZkl_j_[_gdmemqr_k_]hihclb rdhem I think the best age for a child to go to school is 7.

1050. he`gueb[ulv]hkm^Zjkl_ggu_b qZklgu_rdheu Yes, I think there should be different types of schools to make a choice.

1051. he`guebmq_gbdbghkblvnhjfm No, I think pupils should not wear uniforms. Children should wear clothes which they feel comfortable in.

1052. ZfgjZylkyZrbmq_[gbdbDZdhcZrex[bfucmq_[gbd Yes, I do. I like my English textbook. It is well designed and contains a lot of interesting and useful information.

1053. Ihq_fmijh]jZffbklubaJhkkbbe_]dhfh]mlgZclbjZ[hlmaZ ]jZgbp_c Programmers from Russia can easily find the job overseas because computers are necessary in every field now.

1054. ?kebum Zk[ueu[hjdZdhcrdhe_u[uaZohl_ebmqblv- ky Zf_jbdZgkdhcZkljZebckdhcjmkkdhcbebZg]ebckdhc If I were given a choice I’d choose Russian school. Lesson 14 Ijh_jvl_k_[yQlhumagZebbawlhc]eZu klZvl_ijhims_ggu_kehZ 1) Melbourne 2) Multicultural 3) Culture Capital 4) The Victorian Arts Centre 5) Melbourne zoo 6) January and February 7) 7 to 11 8) bottle green pullover, grey shirt, grey school trousers or shorts, black leather shoes and the College baseball jacket. 9) Bottle green pullover, brown shoes, College baseball jacket. In summer a school dress or a white shirt and bottle green pleated shorts. In winter a white shirt and either the school tartan skirt or dark green tailored trousers. 10) Team sports, athletics, swimming, cross country competitions, school orchestra, music ensembles, debating team and student government. 11) Home Economics

1055. 178 12) To develop skills in food preparation and gain an understanding of health issues. 13) Crocodile Bread 14) Barbeque 15) a debating team 16) a play school 17) primary 18) private 19) state 20) education 21) private and public 22) 6 to 15 23) four 24) February, December 25) seven through twelve AZihegbl_lZ[ebpm©QlhuagZ_l_h ba_klguobah[j_l_- gbyoª Bah[j_l_ gb_ Bah[j_l_gh GZpbhgZe vghklv ZlZ P_ev Tape re- corder 1898 television John Logie Baird Vladimir Zwo- rykin 1926, 1925– 1928 Electric light bulb Scottish, American To provide an electric light source, to replace gas light or candles Thomas Adams American In the 1870’s To silently exercise the jaws camera 1826 To preserve a photographic image CHAPTER 3 Lesson 1 3.

1056. ?]hijhbaghr_gb_g_evay[ukljhbkijZblvkihkh[ghklv

1057. Wg^jxg_fh]h^he`blvWgg^_gv]bkihkh[ghklv

1058. ufh`_l_hklZblvdexqgZklhcd_hafh`ghklvjZaj_r_gb_

1059. Babgbl_fh]my Zfihfhqvhafh`ghklvjZaj_r_gb_

1060. HgZg_kfh`_lihahgblvaZljZ?_g_l ]hjh^_kihkh[ghklv

1061. Y g_fh]ih_jblvqlhhgZureZaZfm`aZJh[_jlZkihkh[- ghklv

1062. HgZkmf__lhijh_j]gmlvkihkh[ghklv

1063. Dh]^Zhgkfh`_ldmiblvfZrbgmkihkh[ghklv

1064. Wlh]hj_[_gdZg_evay[uehgZdZauZlvkihkh[ghklv

1065. Hgbkfh]mlbki_qvDjhdh^behucOe_[kihkh[ghklv

1067. 179

1068. Hgbg_fh]ebg_hkobsZlvky:kljZeb_ckihkh[ghklv

1069. Homework IhklZvl_]eZ]heu gm`gmxnhjfm 1) could not; 2) could; 3) can’t; 4) cannot; 5) will be able; 6) will be able; 7) can be published; 8) can / could. I_j__^bl_k jmkkdh]hgZZg]ebckdbc 1) You can’t smoke here. 2) He can work 8 hours. 3) This TV set can’t be repaired. 4) Could you give me another pair of shoes? 5) Sorry, I couldn’t call you in the morning. 6) I’m afraid he won’t be able to help you. 7) If you go to Australia you will be able to see a kangaroo. 8) The contract can be signed this week. 9) When will she be able to answer John’s letter? 10) I couldn’t do anything because I wasn’t able to work. 11) Where could I meet you? 12) Nothing can be done in this case. 13) Is you can’t explain it in English, I will help you. Ijhqlbl_jZkkdZaI_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaudKhklZvl_ hijhkhb hl_lvl_gZgbo ]h^mihke_kh_]hihe_lZgZ^K__jgufihexkhfZf_jb- dZgkdbc bkke_^hZl_ev J? ;bj^ mki_rgh kh_jrbe ihe_l gZ^ X`gufIhexkhf i_juc jZa B ohly kgZqZeZ ;bj^ b _]h ex^b kfh]ebk^_eZlvfgh]hnhlh]jZnbc]hje_`Zsboih^gbfbkdhjhm gbogZqZebkvg_ijbylghklb dZdhclhfhf_gldZaZehkvqlhkZfh- e_ljZah[v_lkyHgfh]i_j_e_l_lvq_j_a]hjulhevdhih^gyrbkv gZukhlmnmlh;bj^kjZam`_ ijbdZaZekhbf ex^yfu- [jhkblv^Z[hevrbof_rdZk _^hcLh]^ZkZfhe_lkfh]ih^gylvkyb i_j_e_l_lv]hjugZukhl_nmlhgZ^gbfbL_i_jv;bj^agZe qlhkfh`_l^hklbqv X`gh]hIhexkZdhlhjuc[uegZjZkklhygbb fbevihlhfmqlhi_j_^b[hevr_g_[ueh]hjKZfhe_lfh]e_- l_lvgZ^[_kdhg_qgufb[_eufbjZgbgZfb[_akeh`ghkl_c 1) When did R.E. Byrd fly over the South Pole? — R.E. Byrd flew over the South Pole in 1929. 2) Were Byrd and his men able to make a great many photos? — Yes, they were. 3) In what case could the plane to get over the mountains? — It could get over the mountains only if it rose to 10000 feet. 4) What did Byrd order? — He ordered to throw out the food sacks. 5) Was the plane to rise after that? — Yes, it was. 6) Did Byrd know that he would reach the South Pole? — Yes, he did.

1070. 180 7) Was it difficult for the aircraft to fly over the plains? — No, it could fly over it without difficulty. Lesson 2 Homework 1.

1071. Lu^he`_g[ulv^hfZd qZkZf^he`_gklhZgb_

1072. WlhijZbehgm`ghh[tykgblv_s_jZa^he`_gklhZgb_

1073. Hgu]ey^bl[e_^guf?fmgm`ghkoh^blvd jZqm^he`_g- klhZgb_

1074. ug_^he`gua^_kvdmjblvijbdZaZgb_

1075. ?cgm`ghfgh]hjZ[hlZlvqlh[uaZjZ[hlZlv^_gv]b^he`_g- klhZgb_

1076. ug_^he`guwlhljh]ZlvWlhhq_gvojmidZy_svijbdZaZgb_

1077. HgZg_^he`guaZ[ulvhlijZblvwlbibkvfZWlhhq_gvZ`- gh^he`_gklhZgb_

1078. GZfg_gm`ghlhjhiblvkyK_cqZkk_]hqZkZugm`^_gghklv

1079. L_[_gm`gh[m^_lij_^mij_^blv__ugm`^_gghklv

1080. Bfg_gm`gh[ueh`^Zlvf_gyY agZe^hjh]mugm`^_gghklv

1081. Zfg_gm`ghhl^ZZlvfg_wlhaZljZFg_wlhg_ihgZ^h- [blkyugm`^_gghklv

1082. Wlhhq_gvihimeyjgucj_klhjZgGZfgm`gh[m^_laZdZaZlv klhebdugm`^_gghklv

1083. Y ^he`_g k^_eZlv wlh k_cqZk G_l g_ gm`gh ijbdZaZgb_ g_h[oh^bfhklv

1084. L_[_gm`gh[m^_ljZ[hlZlv hkdj_k_gv_ugm`^_gghklv

1085. GZk^he`gu[uebklj_lblv ghhgg_ijbr_e^he- `_gklhZgb_ kbem^h]hhj_gghklb

1086. Ih_a^^he`_gijbclb ^he`_gklhZgb_ kbemieZgZ

1087. Y g_fh]mihclbk lh[hcFhc^jm]^he`_gihahgblvq_j_a iheqZkZ^he`_gklhZgb_ kbem^h]hhj_gghklb

1088. Fu^he`gu[m^_fkdZaZlv_cijZ^mugm`^_gghklv

1089. Y ^he`_ghiylvijbclbugm`^_gghklv

1090. Zfg_gm`ghgbq_]hfg_h[tykgylvY k_ihgbfZxg_h[- oh^bfhklv

1091. ?kebZfg_gjZblkykhdZfg_h[yaZl_evgh_]hiblvg_- h[oh^bfhklv

1092. Fg_gm`ghkdZaZlvwlh_s_jZag_h[oh^bfhklv

1093. k_ ihjy^d_G_gm`gh[_kihdhblvkyg_h[oh^bfhklv

1094. ?fmgm`ghbkijZeylvijhbaghr_gb_g_h[oh^bfhklv

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1100. IhklZvl_]eZ]heu gm`gmxnhjfm 1) don’t have to; 2) must I do; 3) mustn’t; 4) have to; 5) do I have to; 6) did you have to; 7) will have to; 8) is the train to; 9) have to; 10) will have to; 11) needn’t ; 12) do I need. I_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaudumqbl_gZbamklv Reyiy ©LugZauZ_rvwlhreyihcª²kdZaZey kh_c`_g_ ©Khk_fg_h[yaZl_evgh[ulv]jm[ufihwlhfmihh^mª²hl_- lbeZfg_`_gZkfhljykv a_jdZeh Y k_e gZ h^bg ba wlbo khj_f_gguo klmev_ k ^ujdZfb b klZe `^ZlvFugZoh^bebkv fZ]Zabg_m`_iheqZkZZ fhy`_gZk__s_ klhyeZi_j_^a_jdZehf ©Fu g_ ^he`gu ihdmiZlv _sb _keb hgb gZf g_ gm`guª ² ^jm]aZf_lbeyB ihqlbkjZamih`Ze_eh[wlhf ©Lug_^he`_glZd]hhjblvª²hl_lbeZfhy`_gZ©Fg_g_gm`- ghgZihfbgZlvl_[_h lhfm`Zkghf]Zeklmd_dhlhjucludmibeq_jZª ©Y kqblZxqlhhgdjZkbucª²kdZaZey©=Zeklmdhm fm`qb- gug_[uZ_lkebrdhffgh]hª ©: m`_gsbgug_[uZ_lkebrdhffgh]hreyihdª²hl_lbeZ hgZ Kimkly^_kylvfbgmlfuf_kl_urebbafZ]ZabgZGZfh_c`_- g_[ueZreyidZdhlhjZyu]ey^_eZdZdfZyd Lesson 3 Homework 4 I_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaud

1101. L_[_gm`ghihkfhlj_lvnbevfHgklhbllh]h

1102. GZeblvZf_s_qZxG_lkiZkb[h

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1110. Kdhevdhgm`ghaZieZlblvh^bl_ex

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1114. 182 Ijhqlbl_b i_j__^bl_jZkkdZaIjb^mfZcl_gZaZgb_AZ- ^Zcl_hijhkhI_j_kdZ`bl_jZkkdZa Be careful about your wishes. H^gZ`^u`be^Z[ueq_eh_dm dhlhjh]h[ueZg_fZy`_gZb wlh _]hhq_gvi_qZebehihlhfmqlhhg__ hq_gvex[beQ_j_adZdh_lh j_fyhgihr_ed ^hdlhjmb kdZaZe©ufh`_l_k^_eZlvlZdqlh[u fhy `_gZ aZ]hhjbeZª ©hafh`gh fh]mª ©u fh`_l_ ihijh[h- Zlvª²kdZaZefm`©Y ijb_^m__ aZljZª GZke_^mxsbc^_gv^hdlhjijh_ehi_jZpbxb g_fZy`_gZgZ- qZeZ]hhjblvHgZ]hhjbeZlZdfgh]hb lZd]jhfdhqlhq_j_ag_- kdhevdhqZkhfm`ih[_`Zeh[jZlghd ^hdlhjmb kdZaZe©ufh`_- l_ fhx `_gm k^_eZlv hiylv g_fhcª ©g_lª ² kdZaZe ^hdlhj ©kms_klm_lfgh]hkihkh[haZklZblvg_fmx`_gsbgmaZ]hhjblv ghgb h^gh]hqlh[u aZklZblv`_gsbgm aZfheqZlvª ©Qlh `_ fg_ ^_eZlvª²kijhkbefm`qbgZ²©y kdhjhmfjm_kebfg_ijb^_lky kemrZlv__ p_euc^_gvª©Gmª²kdZaZe^hdlhj²©Y g_fh]mk^_- eZlv__ hiylvg_fhcghy fh]mk^_eZlvZk]emobfb Zfg_gm`gh [m^_l __ kemrZlvª ©Hq_gv ohjhrhª ² kdZaZe fm`qbgZ ² ©k^_- eZcl_wlhLZd[m^_lemqr_ª 1) What made the amn sad? 2) What did he ask doctor to do? 3) Why did the wife began to speak? 4) Why did the man came to the doctor again? 5) What did he ask him to do this time? Lesson 6 L_klmjh_gv

1115. I_j__^bl_k Zg]ebckdh]hgZjmkkdbc

1116. G_fh][uy ih]hhjblvk fbkl_jhf;jZmghf

1117. Fh]my kijhkblv dlh wlh

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1122. L_[_ ke_^m_l [ulv [he__ _`ebuf 9) Fg_i_j_ahgblvG_lg_gm`gh IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo gm`gh_j_fy 1) won’t be able to; 2) was to; 3) couldn’t; 4) will you be able; 5) was to; 6) have to; 7) were you to; 8) needn’t . Ijhqlbl_b i_j__^bl_l_dkl ©Ijb]hlhvl_ih`ZemcklZ[be_luª²kdZaZedhgljhee_joh- ^y ih_a^IhdZdhgljhee_jijh_jye[be_luh^bgbaiZkkZ`bjh rZjbe ih dZjfZgZf Dhgljhee_j ihkfhlj_e gZ g_]h meu[gmeky b kdZaZe©u^_j`bl__]h am[ZokwjªAZl_fhgur_e ©DZdhcujZkk_yggucª²kdZaZeh^bgiZkkZ`bj

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1124. I_j__^bl_k jmkkdh]hgZZg]ebckdbc 1) I think you should talk to him once more. 2) Must I answer at once or I can think it over? 3) Why does she have to work so much? 4) This article muct ne translated today. 5) Sorry, I can’t answer your question right now. 6) When will you be able to answer it? 7) The contract was to be signed yesterday. 8) Can I give you advice? 9) How dares she to call us? 10) The lecture is to begin at 10 a.m. 11) They couldn’t help remembering Australia. 12) You don’t need tom go anywhere. 13) What will I have to do if I agree? 14) She doubts if he will be able to some tomorrow. I_j__^bl_l_dklAZ^Zcl_hijhkh NjZgpmadhlhjucgZoh^beky :g]ebbohl_e_jgmlvkyhNjZg- pbxihfhjxGhm g_]h[uehhq_gvfZeh^_g_]M g_]h[uehlZdfZeh ^_g_]qlhhgfh]aZieZlblvlhevdhaZ[be_lLZddZdhgagZeqlhih- _a^dZaZcf_lk_]h^Z^gyhgj_rbegbq_]hg__klvwlb^Z^gy Dh]^Zhgaye[be_lb ahr_egZdhjZ[evke_^mxsbfmljhfhg ihklZjZekyg_keurZlvahghdgZaZljZdDh]^Zijbrehj_fyh[_- ^Zhg[uehq_gv]heh^_gghhgg_ihr_e klhehmx_q_jhfhg [ue_s_]heh^g__ghdh]^ZhnbpbZglijbr_eihaZlv_]hgZm`bg njZgpmakdZaZeqlhhg[he_g GZke_^mxsbc^_gvnjZgpma[uehq_gv]heh^_g©Y ihc^mb ih- _f^Z`__kebhgbudbgmlf_gy fhj_ª²kdZaZehgk_[_Ihwlhfm hgihr_e klhehmxgZdhjZ[e_b ihh[_^Ze_q_jhfhgihm`bgZe gh hg hq_gv [hyeky [m^ms_]h ihlhfm qlh hg g_ ieZlbe aZ _^m dhgp_dhgphhgh[jZlbekyd hnbpbZglm©Ijbg_kbl_fg_kq_lih- `ZemcklZª©DZdhckq_lª²kijhkbehnbpbZgl©AZm`bgb aZh[_^ dhlhju_y kt_e Zr_cklhehhcª©G_hegmcl_kvkwjuaZieZ- lbebaZiblZgb_dh]^Zdmibeb[be_lª 1) Did the Frenchman have much money? 2) What did he decide to do? 3) Did he eat during the first day of the trip? 4) Why was he afraid of his future? 5) What did the waiter tell him? u[_jbl_gZaZgb_^eyjZkkdZaZ a

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1128. BkijZvl_hrb[db 1) don’t have tio; 2) must he; 3) couldn’t; 4) can be / is to be; 5) will he be able to do; 6) shall I give; 7) can’t; 8) might; 9) is he to; 10) mustn’t.

1129. 184 I_j__^bl_k Zg]ebckdh]hgZjmkkdbc Ju[hehklh²fhcex[bfuckihjlY qZklhqZkZfbehexju[m lZdgbq_]hb g_ihcfZGhwlhf_gyg_hegm_lG_dhlhjufju[hehZf g_ _a_l f_klh ju[u hgb ueZebZxl klZju_ [ZrfZdb b fmkhj Fg__s_f_gvr__a_lY gbdh]^Zgbq_]hg_ueZebZx^Z`_klZjuo [ZrfZdhIjh_^bg_kdhevdhjZamljhgZj_d_y k_]^Zijboh`m^h- fhck imklhckmfdhc©Lu^he`_g[jhkblvju[Zedmª²]hhjylfg_ ^jmavy©Wlh[_kihe_agZyljZlZj_f_gbªghhgbg_ihgbfZxlh^ghc Z`ghc_sbY gZkZfhf^_e_g_hq_gvbgl_j_kmxkvju[ZedhcFg_ ijhklhgjZblkykb^_lv eh^d_b gbq_]hg_^_eZlvª u[_jbl_gZaZgb_^eyjZkkdZaZ a) Hg gbdh]^Z gbq_]h g_ ehbl b) G__amqbc ju[heh c) ?]h oh[[bd) Kb^y eh^d_ Lesson 8 Hl_lvl_gZke_^mxsb_hijhku 1) .ZdahmlZlhjZ Tamara Alexandrovna Ventura. 2) =^_hgZ`b_l 6KHOLYHVLQ6GQHHgZ`b_l Kb^g__

1130. 3) Kdhevdh_c[uehe_ldh]^Z__ k_fvyi_j__oZeZ :kljZebx 6KHZDVHDUVROGZKHQKHUIDPLOFDPHWR$XVWUDOLD?c[ueh e_ldh]^Z__ k_fvyi_j__oZeZ :kljZebx

1131. 4) Q_fhdjm`_gZ:kljZeby Australia is surrounded by beaches, golden sand, palm trees and PDJQLILFHQWLVODQGV:kljZebyhdjm`_gZiey`Zfbahehlufbi_kdZ- fbiZevfZfbb ij_djZkgufbhkljhZfb

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1133. 6) LZffgh]hihk_lbl_e_cbaJhkkbb Yes, there are. 7) DZdLZfZjZihfh]Z_llmjbklZfbaJhkkbb She acts as interpreter and meets people after work to show Russian YLVLWRUVDURXQG6GQHHgZuklmiZ_l jhebi_j_h^qbdZb klj_- qZ_lky k ex^vfb ihke_ jZ[hlu qlh[u ihdZaZlv jmkkdbf lmjbklZf Kb^g_c

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1135. 9) H q_fjZkkdZauZe_c__ iZiZ He told her about the Summer and Winter Palaces in St. Petersburg and about the cathedrals with onion-like domes.

1136. 185 HgjZkkdZauZe_ch E_lg_fb Abfg_f^hjpZo KZgdlI_l_j- [mj]_b hkh[hjZok dmiheZfb b^_emdhbq_d

1137. 10) Ihq_fmLZfZjZex[bl:kljZebxb Jhkkbx She loves Australia because it is her fatherland and she loves Russia EHFDXVHLWLV KHU PRWKHUODQG LZfZjZ ex[bl :kljZebx ihlhfm qlh wlh__ hl_q_klhb hgZex[blJhkkbxihlhfmqlhwlh__ jh^bgZ

1138. 2. hihegbl_ij_êh`_gby 1) Sydney has one of the most spectacular harbours in the world. 2) The golden sunsets glitter on the water. 3) The white yachts sail lazily under the Sydney Harbour Bridge. 4) The centre of Sydney consists of tall, elegant buildings. 5) The centrepoint Tower stands majestically beside David Jones Department Store. It is the most beautiful store in the world. 3. hihegbl_ij_êh`_gby I live in Russia. My place is called Moscow. It is know as Moscow the white walled. Lesson 9 AZihegbl_ijhimkdb GZibkZgb_ LjZgkdjbipby I_j_h^ Outstanding u^Zxsbcky In honour hkobs_gb_ In spite of Affection IjbyaZgghklv HaZ[hq_gguc To be disturbed Consequence Ihke_^klb_ ugm`^Zlv Seek BkdZlv Ij_êh`blv Eventually dhgp_dhgph 4. I_j__^bl_k jmkkdh]hgZZg]ebckdbc 1) He was an outstanding scientist, wasn’t he? 2) She can be a devoted friend. 3) This street is named in honour of a great Russian scientist Kurchatov. 4) In spite of his age he could work hard. 5) His ill health forced him to cancel the trip. 6) Having got to know about the accident they were disturbed. 7) The consequences of the contacts with whites greatly influenced the life of the natives. 8) She forced him to tell the truth. 9) He sought protection for aborigines.

1139. 186 10) You should offer him your help. 11) He established a biological station. 12) Eventually she had to go to Germany, didn’t she? 13) He felt great affection for this country. Homework 2. His image will stay with me forever. At the turn of the century people wanted a place where they could totally relax. You shouldn’t judge people for what they wear. He will be kicked out of the club for airing such opinions. The leading scientist retired from his researches and went to live in his estate in the country. He dreamt of a faraway land with exotic plants and beautiful birds. All his troubles were due to money and his creditors didn’t leave him alone. He thought that she had a great deal of superstitions and considered it best not to tell her anything. The author created brilliant metaphors. In conditions of security people forget their suspicions. The editor of the magazine informed them that they had to work harder. He strongly doubted that his dreams could be implemented. The meeting lasted three hours. It was so boring that everyone thought it was an eternity. The young socialist didn’t try to conceal his views. Every Christian would consider it a sin. The atmosphere in the gang was brotherly. The city was his source of imagination. He tried to spend his time with people, mainly in various cafes and pubs. The reality always interferes with our dreams. She wanted to return to her little village and breed little sheep. I was bitterly disappointed by your behaviour. It wasn’t a truly kind thing, you had your interest in it. Lesson 10 3. 1) The image of Australia can be judged by the ideas and opinions of the leading Russian writers.… 2) For Anton Chekhov Australia was a far away place where the troubles of life did not reach. 3) He used Australia as a metaphor for rest and security. 4) Loe Tolstoy had a totally different view. 5) One of the very few Russian writers who had a chance to compare his imagination to reality was Konstantin Balmont.

1140. 187 4. Anton Chekhov For Anton Chekhov Australia was a faraway land. He thought that the troubles of life could not reach iot. He imagined Australia as a place of reat and security. When he was at his estate he felt like he was at the end of the world. It reminded him of Australia. There in his own little Australia he felt good. The only thought that disturbed him was that his creditors could kick him out of his Australia. Leo Tolstoy Tolstoy had a different view. He considered Australia a young society and thought that it had an opportunity to implement his ideals. He wrote to one Australian socialist that Australians had a chance to establish a truly Christian and brotherly way of life. He thought that they could be free from the sins of the world. Konstantin Balmont, as many other Russian writes and poets, thought of Australia as an exotic place and a source of imagination. He was greatly disappointed to see that it was also a modern society. Which bred sheep, made machines and built railroads. Lesson 11 — 13 1. 1) a, the; 2) a, the; 3) an, a, — ; 4) a, the; 5) — ; 6) a, a, a; 7) — —. 2. 1) — , — , the; 2) — ; 3) — , — ; 4) — , — ; 5) the; 6) — , — —; 7) — , the; 8) — , — . 3. 1) — ; 2) a; 3) — ; 4) — ; 5) — . =ZeZdlbdZ Kheg_qgZykbkl_fuyey_lkyebrvfZe_gvdhcqZklvxh]jhfghc ]ZeZdlbdbFugZauZ_fwlm]ZeZdlbdmFe_qgufIml_fFe_qguc ImlvdexqZ_l k_[yfbeebhgha_a^Fe_qgucImlvih nhjf_ ihoh` gZ [hevrh_ h]g_ggh_ dhe_kh n_c_j_jd

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1294. Lesson 14 Homework 1.

1295. BklhjbxjZkkdZauZ_l Zg]ebqZgbg ]j_d Z[hjb]_g 2) :[hjb]_gªagZqbl Fhjyd I_juc`bl_ev Hkm`^_ggu_ba:g]ebb 3) :[hjb]_gu`bml Hdhehfhjy imklug_ B lZfb lZf 4) :[hjb]_guihybebkv :klvjZebb

1296. 195 K dZiblZghfDmdhf hdZiblZgZDmdZ e_lgZaZ^ 5) :[hjb]_gu Bf_xlmq_[gbdbqlh[umqblvky G_mf_ebgbqblZlvgbibkZlv AZihfbgZebijhreh_ i_kgyo 6) :[hjb]_gu_jyl ;h]h moh F_qlZgb_ 7) hkghgh_aZgylb_Z[hjb]_gh m[bZlv`bhlguo kh[bjZlv_^m kjZ`Zlvkyk jZ]Zfb 8) :[hjb]_gug_kljhbeb^hfhihlhfmqlh Hgb[hyebkv^moh Hgbi_j__a`Zebb hohlbebkv LZfhq_gv`Zjdh 9) :[hjb]_gug_ghkbebh^_`^mihlhfmqlh HgZbf[ueZg_gm`gZ h`^vr_ehq_gvj_^dh Hgbgbdh]^Zg_[he_eb 10) :g]ebckdb_ihk_e_gpu Ijbg_keb :kljZebxemqrmx`bagv Ijb_aeb[he_agb Bkihjlbeb`bagvZ[hjb]_gh 2. 1) The word aborigine means first inhabitant. 2) Aborigines live near the sea and in the desert. 3) Aborigines came to Australia over 40 000 years ago. 4) They have no history books to study because they could not read or write. 5) They kept track of their past through the songs and stories. 6) They believe in Dreaming. 7) The main job for every Aborigine is to find food. They spend over three-quarters of the day gathering food. 8) Everyone had to know what was safe to eat and what was not. 9) They had to be careful not to over-pick fruits and vegetables so that they might grow the nest year. 10) Their weapons consisted of a wood spear, a club and a boomerang. 11) They didn’t build houses because they were constantly moving to new places. 12) No they didn’t.

1297. 196 13) Yes, they did. They knew how to start a fire. 14) Aborigines became experts in finding water because water was the most important thing they needed to live. 15) They looked after their old people and loved their children. They shared food equally. 16) When people from Great Britain came to Australia they took aborigines’ land. They brought diseases. They defeated aborigines. 17) Modern aborigines work in the cities or on large ranches. Their children attend school. Lesson 15 2. 1) Ernie Dingo is a well-known artist, entertainer, musician and comic. 2) Ernie Dingo is best known for the character he played in the film «Crocodile Dandee». 3) He performs Australian music. 4) He sings about the land, the city, the environment and what it means to be black white or any colour. 5) He started teaching Aboriginal culture to non-Aborigines. 6) When he was a child his name was Oondamooroo. 7) He lives his life the way he knows. 8) He lives in the city. 9) He comes from the bush. 10) He gets his sense of security from his traditional heritage. Lesson 17 Ijh_jvl_k_[y QlhumagZebbawlhc]eZu 1. AZihegbl_ijh[_eu a) 1) over 200; 2) Peter Potosky; 3) In 1804; 4) Nikolai Miklouho Maklay; 5) Ballet dancer; 6) Cake’s recipe; 7) Fedor Shalapin; 8) Miklouho Maklay, «Maklay Coast»; 9) Anton Chekhov; 10) Leo Tolstoy; 11) English; 12) Italian, Greek, French, Spanish, Turkish, Arabic languages, Polish, Vietnamese, German; 13) Settler come to Australia from the UK, New Zealand, Chins, India, Vietnam, Philippines, South Africa; 14) First inhabitant; 15) 40000; 16) their songs and stories; 17) to find food; 18) water; 19) Charlie, «Crocodile Dandee» 2. b) Kbfheub boagZq_gby Concentric circles A person Man with a spear and boomerang Emu footprint Kangaroo footprint Windbreak Waterholes and running water.

1298. 197 CHAPTER 4 Lesson 2 Homework 2. 1) — g; 2) — h; 3) — a; 4) — i; 5) — b; 6) — j; 7) — c; 8) — e; 9) — d; 10) — f. Lesson 3 1I_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaud

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1321. Lhfohl_eagZlvdlhahgbe_fmq_jZ I_j__^bl_ij_^eh`_gbybamij ijyfmxj_qv 1) He said, «I don’t know where she has gone to.» 2) Tom asked, «Mary, why were you late yesterday?» 3) Mother said, «Son, call me in the afternoon.’ 4) She said, «Don’t smoke in the room.» 5) She wrote, «Gregory will come tomorrow.» 6) Helen’s parents asked, «Will you visit us on Sunday?»

1322. 198 7) Martin said, «I won’t tell anybody about the event.» 8) The Mother said, «Don’t talk to strangers.» 9) The teacher said, «My pupils know very little.» 10) The boy said, «I didn’t see Jane in the town.» 11) Mr. Baker said, «Please, inform your parents about the meeting.» 12) Bob’s mother said, «You have to meet your sister.» 13) They heard, «There will not be a party the next week.» 14) He wondered, «Who sent me the telegram.» 14) Maggie said, «Mother, don’t tell anything to father.» 16) She said, «Are you listening to me?» the boy sad, «Yes, I am.» 17) They asked, «How many guests will come to the party?» 18) He replied, «The article has been translated.» 19) They said, «it’s doubtful that he will come in time.» 20) — 21) she said, «I was wrong, I admit it.» 22) He said, «I will call the police.» 23) Tom said, «Who called me the day before, I wonder?’ 3. a) 1) why she called. 2) where he has been. 3) …when they will arrive. 4) how long you have known him. 5) where your friend works. 6) when he was sick. 7) how much sugar there is in the sugar bowl. 8) what was built in your street last year. 9) why he was angry with Jane. 10) how far it is from here. b) 1) he will be in tomorrow. 2) you have seen this film. 3) he know the man. 4) the police warned you. 5) there will be any tests the nest year. 6) he was late. 7) I am right. 8) they are from England. 9) there was any news from him. 10) he has seen her this week. Lesson 4 1 D

1323. GZc^bl_wlbij_^eh`_gby l_dkl_b ijhqlbl_bokemo Canberra is the home of Australia’s Government and embassies from around the world. This is where Australia’s government meets. Canberra is also the «natural capital» and is within easy reach of some of Australia’s most spectacular countryside. E

1324. I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud No wonder the people of Canberra love to spend their time outdoors! Canberra is a cyclist’s paradise». Homework 1. Canberra is the home of Australia’s Government and embassies from around the world. The centre place of the city is the New Parliament House. It is easy to reach most spectacular countryside of Australia from Canberra.

1325. 199 The people of Canberra love to spend their time outdoors because the air there is fresh and crisp. There are many museums in Canberra. The national Gallery, the National Science and technology Centre, the High Court and the Old Parliament House are located in Canberra. Lesson 5 Homework LKHILUVW2OPSLF*DPHVZHUHKHOGLQ776 B.C. the Games were held every four years in honour of the king of the gods, Zeus. There was one event in the earliest Olympiad: the 200-yard sprint. For 1000 years the games were held every forth year. During the Olympic Games there were no wars and disputes. In A.D. 393 the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius 1 banned the Games. In 1894 Baron Pierre de Coubertin wrote a letter to the athletic organizations of every country. He described the educational value of sport. The first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896. Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

1326. DZdb_khj_ghZgbydexqZeb^j_gb_Hebfibckdb_B]ju The ancient Olympics included sprint, wrestling, boxing, pankrathion, the discus throw, the javelin throw and the long jump.

1327. Hibrbl_p_j_fhgbxhldjulbykhj_f_gguoHebfibckdboB]j The athletes parade on a field. The torch is lighted with the flame, which was carried from the site of Olympia by relay runners.

1328. Dh]^ZJhkkbygZqZeZmqZklhZlv HebfibckdboB]jZo Russia joined the Olympic Games in 1952. Lesson 6 Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

1329. B]juHebfibZ^u[m^mlijhh^blvky Kb^g__ Yes, it will.

1330. Kdhevdh^g_c[m^mlijh^he`ZlvkyB]ju The Olympic Games will last over 17 days.

1331. Wlh[m^_li_jucjZadh]^ZB]juijhh^ylky :kljZebb No, it won’t.

1332. Dh]^Zb ]^_ijhh^bebkvi_ju_B]ju The first Games were held in 766 B.C. in Greece

1333. MqZklhZeZeb:kljZeby B]jZok ]h^Z Yes, she has.

1334. Ba_klghqlh:kljZebyub]juZ_lf_^Zeb Yes, she is.

1335. Ex^b :kljZebbih^^_j`bZxlB]ju Yes, they do. More than 100000volunteers offered their services.

1336. 200

1337. KdhevdhkljZgb kihjlkf_gh^he`gumqZklhZlv About 200 countries and 10 000 athletes are expected to participate.

1338. Kdhevdhb^hkihjlZ ijh]jZff_ There are 27 sports. They are. from Archery to weightlifting. Triathlon and Taekwondo, shooting, canoeing, rowing, mountain bike and equestrian.

1339. =^_[m^mlijhh^blvkyhkghgu_khj_ghZgby The main events will take place in two primary zones — Sydney Olympic Park and the Sydney Harbour Zone.

1340. Kdhevdhf_kl HebfibckdhfKlZ^bhg_ The Olympic Stadium will provide 110 000 seats for the spectators.

1341. Kdhevdhkihjlkf_gh[m^ml`blv Kihjlbghc_h_g_ 10 000 athletes will live in the Athletes’ Village.

1342. DZdh_Z`gh_kh[ulb_[m^_l ijZa^ghZlvky :kljZebbaZ ]h^^hHebfibckdboB]j]h^Z The centenary of the declaration of Australian Federation will be celebrated one year before.

1343. Dh]^ZgZqg_lkydmevlmjgZyhebfibZ^Z The cultural Olympiad will start in 1997.

1344. DZdb_f_jhijbylbyhgZ[m^_l k_[ydexqZlv It will include the Festival of Dreaming, A Sea Change, Reaching the world and Harbour Of life festival. Lesson 9 Homework K^_eZcl_^hdeZ^h `bgjbkdheb EZdeZg_`hgk_

1345. Bfy-HDQ'ULVFROO

1346. hajZkl

1347. Qlhk gbfk g_ckemqbehkv6SLQD%LILGD

1348. DZdb_m g_]hj_amevlZlu gZklhys__j_fy6L[WLPHZLQQHURI Boston marathon, broke the world record five times. Silcer medalist in 800-meter races, world record in marathon and 10000-meter races.

1349. DZdb_ m g_]h m g__ ieZgu gZ [m^_s__ 7R FRPSHWH LQ WKH olympics and the Paralympics. 1) Lachlan Jones 2) 19 3) cerebral palsy 4) a Gold medal at Atlantic Paralympics, holds all the records from 100 metres through to 800 metres in Wheelchair Track competition, the Australian Powerlift Champion in the 52 kg division. 5) To pursue a career in the fitness industry, to begin studying the courses next year, to become a gym instructor for the disabled sportsmen.

1350. 201 Lesson 11 L_klmjh_gv

1351. I_j__^bl_ dhk_ggmxj_qv 1) He tells not to tell a lie. 2) Jane asked if I had heard he. 3) He said he was busy. 4) He asked what I had said. 5) John asked Linda if she was free that evening. 6) She asked Gregory if he was all right. 7) Tom said that the letter had been sent the day before. 8) Sabrina said that she didn’t know when he would arrive. 9) He asked when the contract would be signed. 10)The secretary asked Mr. Krutov if they had received their fax. I_j__^bl_k Zg]ebckdh]hgZjmkkdbcyaud

1352. Hgg_agZeihq_fmhgZihahgbeZ

1353. FZfZkdZaZeZkugmb^lbkiZlv

1354. `_cfkkijhkbef_gy[ueeb :g]ebb^hwlh]h

1355. HgZkijhkbeZ]^_wdaZf_ghZebklm^_glh

1356. Hgg_[uem_j_gijb^_lebhgZ

1357. Hgkijhkbe[m^_lebibkvfh]hlhhd ke_^mxs_fm^gx

1358. HgZihijhkbeZkh_]h[jZlZgbq_]hg_]hhjblv;hjbkm

1359. Hgkijhkbe__q_fhgZaZgbfZ_lkyb hgZkdZaZeZqlhibr_l dgb]m

1360. HgkdZaZeqlhb^bldZdhgZaZoh^bl ehf

1361. Hgg_[uem_j_gqlhh^bl_evgZc^_l^hjh]m

1362. Hgkijhkbedh]^Zhgbkfh]mlk^_eZlvjZ[hlm

1363. HgZkijhkbeZkdhevdhkZoZjZ qZ_ hihegbl_ij_^eh`_gbyke_^myijbf_jm 1) Won’t they? 2) Won’t there be? 3) Did he? 4) Won’t they? 5) Doesn’t it? 6) Didn’t he? 7) Isn’t it? 8) Can he? 9) Wasn’t he? Ijhqlbl_l_dklb hl_lvl_gZhijhku K_dj_lZjvkdZaZeqlhfbkl_j ^;_c^_gijbf_lf_gyY hq_gvg_j- gbqZedh]^Zhr_e _]hdZ[bg_lHgg_ih^gye]hehmdh]^Zy hr_e Ihke_lh]hdZdy k_ehgkdZaZeqlh^_eh[uehiehohHgkdZaZefg_ qlhnbjfZg_fh]eZihaheblvk_[_ieZlblvlZdb_[hevrb_aZjieZlu Z^pZlvq_eh_dm`_mrebY agZeqlhijbreZfhyhq_j_^v ©Fbkl_jO_c^_gª²kdZaZey keZ[uf]hehkhf ©G_i_j_[bZcª²kdZaZehg AZl_fhgmeu[gmekyb kdZaZefg_qlhy [m^mihemqZlvgZ [hevr_ Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

1364. Dlhohl_eZkb^_lv

1365. 202 Mr. Heyden did.

1366. DZduk_[yqmklhZebihwlhfmihh^m I felt nervous.

1367. Dm^Zuihreb I went into his office.

1368. KdZaZeebfbkl_jO_c^_gqlh^_eh[uehiehohbebhgkdZaZe qlhk_[uehohjhrh He said that business was bad.

1369. Fh]eZebnbjfZieZlblvlZdb_[hevrb_aZjieZlubebg_l The firm couldn’t pay such large salaries.

1370. Kdhevdhq_eh_dm`_mreb Twenty people had already left.

1371. Ihijhkbeebfbkl_jO_c^_gZklh`_mclbbebg_l Mr. Heyden didn’t ask me to leave.

1372. Qlhfbkl_jO_c^_gkdZaZeZf He told me I would receive an extra 2000$ a year. L_klmjh_gv

1373. KhklZvl_ij_^eh`_gbyke_^myijbf_jm 1) Joy asked Mary where she was going to spend her holiday. 2) Everybody asked us why the tickets were so expensive. 3) Framk asked his wife how Mary’s children were. 4) Mrs. Jones asked her neighbour who was going to buy her house. 5) Bill asked his friend when he was planning to come to Colchester. 6) I asked Maria what she was going to do next. 7) Peter asked policeman where he could get the bus to Liverpool. I_j__^bl_k Zg]ebckdh]hgZjmkkdbc

1374. HgZkhfg_ZeZkvqlhhg[m^_lgZke_^mxsbc^_gv

1375. HgijbagZeqlhagZe__ m`_^Zf_kypZ

1376. HgbmagZebqlh_q_jbgdZ[m^_lgZke_^mxs_cg_^_e_

1377. HgbjZkkljhbebkvqlhbog_ijb]eZkbeb

1378. Hgohl_emagZlvfh`ghebaZdZaZlv[be_luihl_e_nhgm

1379. HgbhljbpZebqlhagZxlwlh]hq_eh_dZ

1380. HgZkdZaZeZqlhg_ohq_lqlh[uhgqlheb[hagZe

1381. Lhfohl_eagZlvihq_fm`_cgg_ij_^mij_^beZ_]hh kh_f ijb_a^_

1382. HgkdZaZeqlhh`b^Z_lkyqlhO_e_gijb_^_l ex[hcfhf_gl

1383. HgZih`ZehZeZkvqlhk g_ciehohh[jZsZebkv

1384. HgZkijhkbeZihq_fmhgg_ij_^mij_^be__ jZgvr_

1385. HgZg_h`b^ZeZqlhhgm[_^blvjh^bl_e_chlimklblv_]h I_j__^bl_k jmkkdh]hgZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) The Olympic Games will be held in Australia in 2000, won’t they 2) The athletes will compete in 25 events, won’t they?

1386. 203 3) Do you know where I can find her? 4) They letters are to be sent today, aren’t they? 5) Do you know what her name is? 6) He is never late for the classes, isn’t he? 7) Do you know how much the food costs? 8) John was to meet her at the station, wasn’t he? 9) This rule has been explained to them, has it not? 10) They didn’t know about it, did they? 11) There were a lot of fans at the match, weren’t there? 12) Do you know when they will come? 13) Do you know how to get to the sea? Ijhqlbl_b i_j__^bl_l_dkl Dh]^Z`_dOZlqbgkhg[ue [hevgbp_hgihijhkbe^hdlhjZkdZ- aZlv_fm[ueZebhi_jZpbymki_rghcgh^hdlhjhldZaZekywlhk^_eZlv GZ ke_^mxsbc ^_gv iZpb_gl ihijhkbe l_e_nhg m djhZlb Dh]^Z hg [ueh^bghgihahgbe^hdlhjmMhjj_gmDh]^Z^hdlhjih^hr_ed l_- e_nhgmfbkl_jOZlqbgkhgkdZaZeqlhhg ohl_e [u magZlv khklhygb_ h^gh]h iZpb_glZ `_dZ OZlqbgkhgZ Hg kijhkbe [ueZ eb hi_jZpby fbkl_jZOZlqbgkhgZmki_rghcb ^hdlhjkdZaZe_fmqlhhgZ[ueZmk- i_rghc AZl_f hg kijhkbe dh]^Z fbkl_jm OZlqbgkhgm fh`gh [m^_l ihclb^hfhcb ^hdlhjkdZaZe_fmqlh_fmijb^_lkyhklZlvky [hevgb- p__s_gZ^_g_^_ebAZl_f^hdlhjkijhkbe[ueebhgjh^kl_ggbdhf iZpb_glZ©G_lª²hl_lbeiZpb_gl©Y ²fbkl_j`_dOZlqbgkhgª Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

1387. Qlh^hdlhjMhjj_ghldZaZekykdZaZlvkh_fmiZpb_glm`_dm OZlqbgkhgm Dr. Warren refused to tell Jack Hutchinson if the operation had been successful.

1388. DhfmiZpb_glihahgbegZke_^mxsbc^_gv The patient called Dr. Warren.

1389. H dhfhgkijZeyeky He inquire about Jack Hutchinson.

1390. Hl_lbeeb^hdlhjgZhijhkuh iZpb_gl_dhlhju__fmaZ^ZZeb Yes, he did.

1391. Kijhkbeebhg[ueebahgysbcjh^kl_ggbdhfiZpb_glZ Yes, he did.

1392. KdZaZeebahgbrbcd_fhg[ue Yes, he did. GZibrbl_ ijyfhcj_qb^bZeh]f_`^miZpb_glhfb ^hdlhjhf — Doctor, has the operation been successful? — I can’t tell you right now. — Good afternoon. Could I speak to Dr. Warren?

1393. 204 — Speaking. — I ‘m calling to inquire about a patient, Jack Hutchinson. Has Mr. Hutchinson’s operation been successful? — Yes, it has been successful. — Could you tell me when Mr. Hutchinson will be allowed to go home? — He will have to stay in the hospital for another two weeks. Are you a relative of the patient? — No, I am not. I’m Mr. Lack Hutchinson. L_klmjh_gv

1394. 1. 1) — h; 2) — b; 3) — f; 4) — c; 5) — a; 6) — g; 7) — d; 8) — e. I_j__^bl_k jmkkdh]hgZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) he asked if anyone saw her the previous week. 2) Tom wondered where Sasha and Olga were. 3) She said that she wanted him to come on Sunday. 4) They doubted whether the Browns had invited them to the party. 5) He didn’t know hwy she had not warned him. 6) They doubted that they would understand the Australian English. 7) She told her son not to smoke. 8) He wasn’t sure when he would be able to translate the text. 9) They denied that they knew that man. Ijhqlbl_l_dklb i_j__^bl__]hgZjmkkdbcyaud ;urbcij_fv_jfbgbkljfbkl_jE_cgijhb]jZegZihke_^gbo u[hjZo K_cqZk hg hklZey_l iheblbq_kdmx `bagv b hg m_oZe aZ ]jZgbpmFhc^jm]BaZj^k_]^Z[uenbgZgkhufijhlbgbdhfJZ- ^bdZevghc Ijh]j_kkbghc IZjlbb fbkl_jZ E_cgZ Ihke_ u[hjh fbkl_jBaZjîhr_ed ^hfm[ur_]hij_fv_jfbgbkljZDh]^Zhg kijhkbe`b_leba^_kvfbkl_jE_cgihebp_ckdbcgZihklmkdZaZe _fm qlh ihke_ kh_]h ihjZ`_gby [urbc ij_fv_j fbgbklj m_oZe aZ]jZgbpmGZke_^mxsbc^_gvfbkl_jBaZj^hiylvijbr_ed ^hfm Lhl `_ ihebp_ckdbc f_ê_ggh ijh]mebZeky hdheh oh^Z dh]^Z fbkl_jBaZjâZ^Zelhl`_hijhkOhlyb g_kdhevdhih^hajbl_evgh gZwlhljZaihebp_ckdbchl_lbe_fmlh`_kZfh_GZke_^mxsbc ^_gvfbkl_jBaZj^_s_jZaijbr_ed lhfm^hfmb aZ^Zelhl`_h- ijhkGZwlhljZaihebp_ckdbc ur_e ba k_[y ©Y m`_ kdZaZe Zf q_jZb ihaZq_jZª²aZdjbqZehg©Fbkl_jE_cgijhb]jZegZu- [hjZoHgm^Zebekyhliheblbq_kdhc`bagbb m_oZeaZ]jZgbpmª ©Y agZxª²hl_lbefbkl_jBaZj^©Ghfg_gjZblkykemrZlv dZduwlh]hhjbl_ª Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

1395. Dlhijhb]jZegZihke_^gbou[hjZo Mr. Lane did.

1396. Q_fhgaZgbfZekyk_cqZk He was retiring from political life.

1397. 205

1398. Dm^Zhgm_oZe He went abroad.

1399. Fbkl_jmBaZj^mgjZbekyij_fv_jfbgbklj No, he did not.

1400. Qlhk^_eZefbkl_jBaZj^ihke_u[hjh Mr. Izard went to the ex-Prime minister’s house.

1401. Qlhhgkijhkbem ihebp_ckdh]hgZihFlm He asked if Mr. Lane lived there.

1402. Ihr_eebfbkl_jBaZj^lm^ZgZke_^mxsbc^_gv Yes, he did.

1403. AZq_fhglm^Zoh^beAZ^ZZeebhgh^bgb lhl`_hijhkdZ- `^ucjZadh]^Zijboh^belm^Z He went there to ask if Mr. Lane lived there. Yes, he did.

1404. Ihq_fmhglZd^_eZe He did so because he liked to hear that Mr. Lane had retired from political life and had gone abroad. Lesson 12 QlhumagZebbawlhc]eZu Hl_lvl_gZhijhku Yes, they did. They saw that the city was very natural and green. AZihegbl_ijh[_eu Dlhwlh Could I have your name please? Babgbl_y g_jZkkeurZe Just a moment. ug_ih^h`^_l_fbgmldm I’m putting you through. G__rZcl_ljm[dm Your call has been placed in a queue EbgbyaZgylZ Could you ring / call back? ug_ohlbl_hklZblvkhh[s_gb_ QlhhagZqZxl[mdu:Gdh]^ZhgbgZibkZgui_j_^l_e_- nhggufghf_jhf After Hours. It means that you can use this number to find this person if you call early in the morning of late in the evening. u[_jbl_ijZbevguchl_l 1) — c; 2) — c; 3) b; 4) — a; 5) — a; 6) — b. AZihegbl_ijh[_eu lZ[ebp_ 1896 Athens, Greece 1900 Paris, France

1405. 206 1904 St Louis, Missouri, US 1908 London, England 1956Melbourne, Australia 1960 Rome, Italy 1964 Tokyo, Japan 1976 Montreal, Canada 1992 Barcelona, Spain 1996 Atlanta, Georgia, US 2000 Sydney, Australia. hihegbl_ij_^eh`_gby 200 0,000; 5,000 3,5 40,000 15,000 27 triathlon; taekwondo AZihegbl_ijh[_eu lZ[ebp_ HebfibckdZyijh]jZffZ 1) Archery 2) athletics

1406. [Z^fbglhg 4) 5) 6)

1407. FDQRHLQJ²dZghw

1408. _ehkihjl

1409. dhgguckihjl 10) 11) 12) gymnasics 13) handball 14) hockey 15) judo

1410. khj_f_ggh_iylb[hjv_ 17) 18) sailing

1411. klj_ev[Z 20) 21) 22) taekwondo 23)

1412. ljbZlehg 25)

1413. ih^gylb_lu`_kl_c

1414. [hjv[Z J:;HQ:YL?LJ:V CHAPTER 5 Lesson 1 Homework I_j__^bl_khq_lZgbykeh kdh[dZogZZg]ebckdbc 1) how did he like Melbourn and Canberra. 2) he could have stayed. 3) what he would do. 4) if he were them. 5) endangered animals.

1415. 207 6) provide, wounded or orphaned. 7) they are returned. 8) education center. 9) go round the Zoo on a tour. 10) would like. 11) huge variety. 12) 1500 species of fish live. Lesson 2 Homework Ij_^klZvl_k_[_qlhLhfaZ^Z_lZfhijhkuh `bhlguo b ijbjh^_f_klZ dhlhjhfu`b_l_Qlhuhl_lbl_ If Tom asks me how many species of birds live in our region, I will answer that a great variety of birds live in our region. If Tom asks me when the birds come back, I will answer that they come back in spring. If Tom asks me where the birds fly away, I will answer that they fly overseas. If Tom asks me when spring begins, I will answer that it begins in March. If Tom asks me if it is hot in summer I will answer that it is. If Tom asks me if there is a zoo in my city I will answer that there is. If Tom asks me how the environment is protected I will answer that laws are being made to protect it. If Tom asks me if I want to see the Great Barrier Reef, I will answer that I do. Lesson 3 Homework LwfEbg RhleZg^kdZykdZadZ QZklv DZjl_joZn[uehm_^bg_gguff_klhfgZ]jZgbp_:g]ebbk Rhl- eZg^b_c Ex^b [hyebkv oh^blv wlm kljZggmx kljZgm dhlhjhc kj_^bkhkghh]he_kZ[ueher_[gucdheh^_pLZdbf[ueklbrhd dhlhjuchgbjZkkdZauZebkhbf^hq_jyf moblZfhqZjhuZxlfZ]bq_kdbfbaZdebgZgbyfb Ihwlhfm^_mrdbfhehû_b q_klgu_ G_oh^bl_b g_b]jZcl_m her_[gh]hdheh^pZ IhlhfmqlhlZfLwfEbg BfyLwfZEbgZ[uehba_klghihk_c]jZgbp_Hg[uefhehûf q_eh_dhf dhlhjh]h ^mob udjZeb m ex^_c _mrdb dhlhju_ klj_qZebkvk gbfijhiZ^ZebgZk_]^Z M Ehj^ZDZjl_joZnZ[ueZfheh^Zy^hqvdhlhjmxaZeb@Zg_l² mfgZy djZkbZy ^_mrdZ k ahehlbklufb hehkZfb HgZ [ueZ f_qlZ- l_evghc?cohl_ehkvklj_lblvkyk LwfhfEbghfH^gZ`û_k_ggbf ^g_f @Zg_lj_rbeZ ij_g_[j_qv ij_^mij_`^_gbyfb b gZclb her_[-

1416. 208 gucdheh^_pHgZureZbaaZfdZkh_]hhlpZb hreZ e_kGZdhg_p hgZgZreZdheh^_p]em[hdh e_kmb jy^hfk gbf[ueZ[_eZyehrZ^v ghlZfg_[uehLwfZEbgZ=em[hdhaZ^mfZrbkv@Zg_lkhjZeZ[_- emxjhamDZdlhevdhhgZwlhk^_eZeZihybekyfheh^hcq_eh_ddZd _keb[uhg[ueijbajZdhfHg[ueukhdbfb djZkbufm g_]h[ueb ]em[hdb_k_ju_]eZaZb l_fgu_hehkuWlh[ueLwfEbg ©Qlhijb_ehl_[y fhce_k^_mrdZb ihq_fmlukh[bjZ_rv p_luk fh_]hdheh^pZª²kijhkbehg ©DZjl_joZnihf_klv_fh_]hhlpZª²kdZaZeZ@Zg_l©Ihwlhfm y [m^mijboh^blvb ]meylvihDZjl_joZnmg_kijZrbZygbm dh]h jZaj_r_gbyª ©Lukf_eZy^_mrdZª²kdZaZeLwfk meu[dhc©Wlhle_kijb- gZê_`bl^moZfb ya^_kvqlh[uaZsbsZlv_]hêygboª ©Luh^bgbagboª²kijhkbeZ@Zg_lk m`Zkhf ©ZwlhlZdª²kdZaZeLwf©Ghy g_k_]^Z[ueh^gbfbagbo ?kebluihc^_rvkhfghc@Zg_ly jZkkdZ`ml_[_kxbklhjbxª Gh@Zg_lg_fh]eZhklZlvky ©Y ^he`gZb^lbª ²kdZaZeZ hgZ ©?keb y g_ ijb^m ^h _q_jZ f_gygZqgmlbkdZlvY m`_^ZghmreZª ©G_lZdm`^Zghª²jZkkf_yekydjZkZ_pLwf©G_lZdm`^Zghª B wlh[uehijZ^hcDh]^Z@Zg_l_jgmeZkv aZfhdbaher_[- gh]he_kZgbdlhg_aZf_lbeqlh__ g_[ueh Dhg_qgh @Zg_l ex[beZkv djZkbh]h LwfZ EbgZ Dlh hg [ue Ihq_fmhgZg_b^_eZ_]hjZgvr__cklbl_evghebhgg_[ue`buf q_eh_dhf?kebhg[ue`bufq_eh_dhfex[blkyebhg g__k_ e_lhhgZg_fh]eZ^mfZlvgbh dhfb gbh q_f[hevr_BlZdgZdhg_p hgZj_rbeZ_jgmlvky e_kqlh[uklj_lblvkyk Lwfhf HgZkghZ mb^_eZ[_emx ehrZ^v m dheh^pZghLwfZg_[ueh H^gZdhgZjhahhfdmkl_k__s_[uebjhaub @Zg_lkhjZeZp_- lhdB kghZbagbhldm^ZihybekyLwfdZd[m^lhhg`^Ze__ ©KdZ`bfg_LwfEbgªkdZaZeZ@Zg_l©Y ^he`gZagZlvwlh² kdZ`bfg_dlhluLuojbklbZgbgbebluh^bgba^mohª Lwf^he]hkfhlj_egZg__GZdhg_phgihdZqZe]hehhcb kdZaZe ©Lh]^Zy jZkkdZ`ml_[_i_qZevgmxbklhjbxFhc^_^mrdZ[ue]jZ- nhf Jhdk[mj]kdbf H^gZ`û oheh^guf ^g_f fu hajZsZebkv k hohlu?keb[uy g__oZegZwlhc[_ehcehrZ^bb g_miZek g__dh- jhe_Z^mohgbdh]^Zg_ihcfZeZ[uf_gyb g_k^_eZeZkhbfkem- ]hcHgZ^hhevghijbylgZy]hkih`ZghhgZg_^h[juc^moDZ`û_ k_fve_lhgZm[bZ_lfm`qbgmb deZ^_l_]h dheh^_p?kebg_kem- qblkyqm^Zlh ke_^mxsbcjZa[m^_lfhyhq_j_^vª ©?keb [u lu ex[beZ f_gy @Zg_l lu fh]eZ [u kiZklb f_gyª ijh^he`ZeLwfb k_cqZk _]h]hehk_[ueZfhev[Z©?keb[uy [ue `bufq_eh_dhflu[uk`ZebeZkvgZ^hfghcª

1417. 209 ©Ghy ex[exl_[yk_fk_j^p_fb _keb[uy lhevdhagZeZqlh^_- eZlvy [uk^_eZeZk_qlh[uihfhqvl_[_ª²kdjbdgmeZ@Zg_l ©Lh]^Z kemrZc k_]h^gy ghqvx dZgmg gy k_o kyluo b wlh _^bgkl_ggZyghqvdh]^Zlufh`_rvf_gykiZklbª²kdZaZeLwf Ebg© iheghqvg_jZgvr_b g_iha`_^mobijh_^mlijhp_kkb_c q_j_ae_kY [m^mk gbfb?keblu^_cklbl_evghex[brvf_gylu ijb^_rvkx^Zwlhcghqvxª QZklv ©GhdZdy magZxl_[yLwfEbgª²kijhkbeZ@Zg_l ©hlqlhlu^he`gZk^_eZlvª²kdZaZeLwf©Y [m^mgZ[_ehc ehrZ^b;ukljhih^[_]b d g_cb kdbgvgZ_a^gbdZk ehrZ^bWlbf gZ_a^gbdhf[m^my gZfh_cijZhcjmd_[m^_li_jqZldZgZe_hc ²g_lfhyreyiZ[m^_lk^bgmlZgZaZ^hldjuZyfhbhehkuª ©_j`bf_gy jmdZokhk_ckbehc^_mrdZ?keb lu[m^_rv ^_j`Zlvf_gy^mob[m^mlij_jZsZlvf_gy jZaguo`bhlguo af_xihlhfhf_^_^yhevZb jZkdZe_gguc^hdjZkgZ`_e_a- guc[jmkhdb dhgp_ ]hjysbcdZf_gvAZl_fb lhevdhlh]^Zlu ^he`gZ[ukljh[jhkblvf_gy h^mdheh^pZ?kebluk^_eZ_rvk_ wlhy [m^mlh_cgZklhys_cex[hvxgZk_]^Zb ykghZklZgm`b- ufq_eh_dhfGhwlhhq_gvljm^ghk^_eZlvb g_h^gZ^_mrdZg_ kfh]eZfg_ihfhqv^hwlh]h?kebluk^_eZ_rvk_wlh@Zg_ly [m- ^mkiZk_ghldhjhe_u^mohB aZihfgb_kebluex[brvf_gygb- qlhg_ijbqbgbll_[_[hebª @Zg_lkemrZeZihdZLwfjZkkdZauZeb ihh[_sZeZk^_eZlvlZd dZdhg]hhjbe Ke_^mxs_cghqvxhq_gvl_fguf[_aemggufdZgmghfgyk_o kyluohgZgZ^_eZl_iemxa_e_gmxgZdb^dmureZba^hfZb ih- [_`ZeZ q_jgucher_[guce_k Jhgh iheghqv hgZ mkeurZeZ ahg dhehdhevqbdh b mb^_eZ ijhp_kkbxher_[gu_nhgZjb lmkdehk_lbebkv b @Zg_lkfh]eZ mb^_lv dhjhe_m b ^jm]bo ^moh GZdhg_p @Zg_l mb^_eZ [_emx ehrZ^vHgZukdhqbeZb kibogmeZLwfZb k`ZeZ_]hkhk_ckbehc AZl_f ^mob gZqZeb djbqZlv hdjm] g__ Ijhf_evdgmeZ a_e_gZy kiurdZb @Zg_lg_aZighihqmklhZeZqlh^_j`blaf_x@Zg_l bgklbgdlbghohl_eZ[jhkblv__ghhgZkihfgbeZijhfhev[mLwfZ b _]h h[_sZgb_ b hgZ ^_j`ZeZ dj_idh AZl_f [ue f_^_^v aZl_f e_k_`_@Zg_lbolh`_dj_idh^_j`ZeZAZl_fhgZihqmklhZeZ [hevdZdd[m^lhhgZ^_j`ZeZjZkdZe_ggh_^hdjZkgZ`_e_ahGhhgZ ijh^he`ZeZ ^_j`Zlv B aZl_f [ue m`Zkguc ]jma ]hjys_]h dZfgy @Zg_lihem`bZyk ljm^hfk[jhkbeZ_]h l_fgu_h^udheh^pZ ;uekie_kdb LwfEbgu[jZekybah^ufhdjucb [e_^gucgh _s_[he__djZkbucq_fjZgvr_

1418. 210 AZl_f aZ]hhjbeZ dhjhe_Z ^moh ©IjhdebgZx l_[y `_gsbgZ LumdjZeZkZfh]hdjZkbh]hbafhbojupZj_cfh_]h`_gboZªdjb- qZeZhgZb dZdhcaehcdhjhe_hchgZ[ueZ Gh@Zg_lb Lwfk_cqZk[uebkh[h^guhlfZ]bq_kdbokbedhjh- e_u^mohEx[hv@Zg_l[ueZkbevg__q_fqZjudhjhe_ub dh- jhe_ZagZeZqlh[ueZih[_`^_gZ@Zg_lb Lwf_jgmebkv aZfhd Hgb`bebf_kl_hq_gvkqZklebhkxbo`bagvb bodjZkbuckug klZeEhj^hfDZjl_joZnZ GZc^bl_ l_dkl_ijb^Zlhqgu_j_Zevgh]hmkehby If I don’t come before night, they will be looking for me. If a miracle doesn’t happen, next time will be my turn. If you really love me, you will come here this night. If you hold me, the fairies will turn me into all sorts of beasts… And remember that if you love me, nothing can hurt you. These are all the clauses of real condition, that’s why we use the Present Indefinite in the principal clause and the Future Indefinite in the subordinate clause. She wished she met Tam Lin. If you came with me, Janet, I would tell you the whole story.(unreal condition referring to the present, that is why we use the Past Indefinite and would + the Indefinite Infinitive) If he were a mortal man, would he love her? (unreal condition referring to the present, that is why we use the Past Indefinite and would + the Indefinite Infinitive) If I knew what to do, I would do anything to help you. (unreal condition referring to the present, that is why we use the Past Indefinite and would + the Indefinite Infinitive) If I had not been riding this horse and had not fallen from it, the Queen of the Fairies would have never caught me and made me her servant. (unreal condition referring to the past, that is why we use the Past Perfect Continuous and would + the Perfect Infinitive) If you did all this, then I would be your true love forever, and I would become a mortal man once more. (unreal condition referring to the present, that is why we use the Past Indefinite and would + the Indefinite Infinitive) Hl_lugZhijhku

1419. DlhlZdhcLwfEbg Tam Lin was a young man whom fairies had stolen from people.

1420. =^_hg`be He lived in a fairy wood, by the fairy well.

1421. Dlh[ueZ@Zg_l Janet was a young daughter of the Lord of Carterhaugh. She was a clever and bonny girl with golden hair.

1422. 211

1423. =^_hgZ`beZ She lived in her father’s Hall in Cartrhaugh.

1424. Ihq_fmex^b[hyebkvher_[gh]hdheh^pZ People were afraid of the fairy’s well, as Tam Lin was there. And girls who met Tam Lin disappeared forever.

1425. Ihq_fm@Zg_lj_rbeZgZh[jZsZlvgbfZgbygZij_^mij_`- ^_gby Janet decided to ignore all the warnings, because she was a dreamer and she wished she met Tam Lin.

1426. Mb^_eZebhgZLwfEbgZm dheh^pZ At first there was no Tam Lin beside the well.

1427. DZd@Zg_lmb^_eZ_]hi_ju_ Janet plucked a white rose, and no sooner had she done this than a young man appeared, as if he were a ghost.

1428. K^_eZeebLwfEbgqlhgb[m^liehoh_@Zg_l No, he didn’t.

1429. DZdh_hlghr_gb_d LwfEbgm[uehm @Zg_lihke_boi_jhc klj_qb Janet was in love with Tam Lin.

1430. ;ueebLwfEbgkf_jlguf Tam Lin was a mortal man, but he was stolen from people by a fairy folk.

1431. DZdhgklZeh^gbfba^moh One cold day Tam’s grandfather and Tam were riding back from the hunting. If Tam had not been riding that white horse and had not fallen from it, the Queen of the Fairies would have never caught him and made him her servant.

1432. DZd@Zg_lfh]eZkiZklbLwfZ Tam told Janet that the only way for her to save him was to come to the wood at Halloween night when the fairy folk rode in the procession through the wood. He told her that she should pull him down from his horse and then hold him tight in her arms, although the fairies would turn him into all sorts of beasts.

1433. Qlhkemqbehkv O_eehmbg At Halloween Janet came to the wood and did everything Tam had told her to do.

1434. DZdZyj_Zdpby[ueZm Dhjhe_umoh The Fairy Queen knew she had been beaten and was extremely angry.

1435. DZddhgqZ_lkyjZkkdZa The story ends happily saying that Tam and Janet lived together in great happiness all their lives, and their bonny son became the Lord of Carterhaugh.

1436. 212 Lesson 4 KIhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo ijZbevghfj_f_gb Had had, would have stopped; would have been, had dropped in; had paid, would not have; would study, were; will find, will never meet; had taken, would not have to; will sack don’t agree. 'Baf_gbl_ij_^eh`_gbydZd ijbf_j_ 1) I wish Chris did not watch a lot of television. 2) I wish they would not see her tomorrow. 3) I wish he were her brother’s friend. 4) I wish Tom had not lost his wallet. 5) I wish the delegation had arrived. 6) I wish Ann were not sick. 7) I wish the message had been sent. 8) I wish they were not late. 9) I wish James had given Helen the flowers for her birthday. 10) I wish the letter had not been translated. Homework Ihl_jyrb_ky ©?keb[ululhevdhihkemrZef_gyk_cqZk[ufu m`_dj_idh kiZeb gZrbodjhZlyoªhjqZeZR_ceZ©Z^hjh]Zy^mfZxqlh kiZeb[uª²kdZaZeFZedhef iulZykv khkj_^hlhqblkygZ h`^_- gbbb gZkh_cjZa^jZ`_gghc`_g_ohly lh`_j_fym^_eyeqZklv gbfZgbykhbfkh[kl_gguffukeyfh`^vklmqZeih_ljhhfm kl_demhjh]Z[ueZmadhcb hiZkghcb hgbihl_jyebkv ?keb[uhgbih_jgmebgZijZhgZihke_^g_fk_lhnhj_hgb[u ^h_oZeb ^h g_[hevrhc ^_j_mrdb JbdZjlhg gh hiylv `_ hgb g_ ^h_oZebIhq_fmwlhq_jlhhf_klh[uehlZdly`_ehgZclb?keb[u hgbih_oZeb ;ewdimedZdhgb^_eZebihke_^gb_^Z^pZlve_lhgb [uba[Zbebk_[yhlk_owlbooehihlLZdbebbgZq_wlh[ueZb^_y R_ceuM g__k_]^Z[ueblZdb_[e_klysb_b^_bdZdwlZ ©he]h_s_ª²kijhkbeZhgZ ©G_bf_xgb fZe_cr_]hij_^klZe_gby^hjh]Zyª²_]hhl_l [uefy]dbf©Y [hxkvfuihl_jyebkvª ©Ihl_jyebkvª ©Y [hxkvqlh^ZªFZedhefhklZghbefZrbgmb dexqbek_l gmljbHgiulZekygZsmiZlvdZjlm ©L_[_ ke_^hZeh a]eygmlv gZ wlh ^h lh]h dZd fu m_oZeb ba W^bg[mj]ZY [uijh_jbeZfZjrjml_keb[uy agZeZqlhlukh[b- jZ_rvky k[blvky k imlbª Ihq_fm hgZ k_]^Z lZd ]hhjbl ^mfZe FZedhefIhkemrZlv__lZdy ki_pbZevghk[bekyk imlbGhk_qlh hgkdZaZe[ueh©Y ^mfZxy agZx]^_fuih_oZebg_ijZbevgh^h- jh]Zy?kebfujZa_jg_fkya^_kvb ijh_^_fh[jZlghfbexbeb^_

1437. 213 fuijb_^_fd i_j_dj_kldm?kebfuih_jg_fgZe_hfuijb_^_f K_edbjd GZf ke_^hZeh ih_oZlv ih ^hjh]_ ; ba W^bg[mj]Z ?keb[ufulZdk^_eZebFu[ueb[u JbdZjlhg_klhe_lgZaZ^ª R_ceZgbq_]hg_kdZaZeZ©Y ihdZ`ml_[__keblug__jbrvª² ijh^he`Zehg ihjy^d_hiulZ]Z^ZygZqg_lebhgZkihjblvk gbf k_cqZk beb ihlhf ©Fu ih_oZeb wlbf iml_f Ihlhfm qlh lu _]h ij_^eh`beZfhy^hjh]Zyª©Y lZdb agZeZqlhluh[bgbrvf_gyª ²ahjZeZkvhgZ©Gbdlhgbdh]hg_h[bgy_lª²hl_lbehgiu- lZykvk^_eZlvkhc]hehkdZdfh`gh[he__[eZ]hjZamfguf©Ijhklh [m^vjZkkm^bl_evghcZ ykhkh_cklhjhguk^_eZxk_qlh[uijb- [ulv hl_ev q_j_a«ª hg ihkfhlj_e gZ qZku ©«q_j_a qZk kZfh_ [hevr__ªHgZih^`ZeZ]m[uiulZykvkijZblvkykhaehklvx©GZ lh_ff_kl_y [uihr__ebeZkvK_cqZkihqlbiheh^bggZ^pZlh]h b _kebfug_ijb_^_flm^Zd iheghqbhgbhl^Z^mlgZrmdhfgZlm dhfmgb[m^v_s_ª Lesson 5 Ijh_jvl_k_[y :KhklZvl_hijhkhd l_dklm©Ihl_jyrb_kyª 1) What was the place of their destination? 2) Why did they get lost? 3) What way out did Malcolm suggest? 4) What was Sheila’s reaction to the news that they had got lost? 5) Why did they began to argue? %hihegbl_ke_^mxsb_ij_^eh`_gby 1) …, he would speak English fluently. 2) …, there will be no human beings on the Earth soon. 3) …, he had not had so many accidents. 4) …, the weather were fine. 5) …, he had not been an hour late. 6) …, I would buy a castle. 7) …, it had not been so stuffy in the bus. 8) …, it were not so old. IhklZvl_ ]eZ]heu kdh[dZo ijZbevgmx j_f_ggmx nhjfm Would not have been, had rang; would have gone, had known; would not enjoy; would have had, had not told. D. I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbc 1) I wish we had visited Australia. 2) He would not have missed the train if he had got up earlier. 3) She would not have got wet, if she had taken her umbrella. 4) I wish she had not gone.

1438. 214 5) I would buy this book if I were in your place. 6) She speaks English as if she spent many years in England. 7) I wish I could visit this Zoo. 8) What would you do if you were in my place? 9) Bill’s parents did not know when he would come. 10) I wish you had seen «The Titanic» This film is worth seeing. 11) Where would you go if you were free tomorrow? 12) She would not have come if Bob had not phoned her. Lesson 6 %GZc^bl_b i_j__^bl_ij_^eh`_gby dhlhjuoklj_qZxl- kykehZ VSHFLHVKDELWDWWRLQFOXGH Australia has nearly half million species of plants and animals — one RIWKHJUHDWHVWYDULHWLHVRIDQFRXQWULQWKHZRUOG :kljZebbihqlb fbeebhgb^hjZkl_gbcb `bhlguoihqlbkZfh_[hevrh_jZagh- h[jZab_bak_okljZgfbjZ Australia, South America and Africa occupy approximately the same UDQJHRIODWLWXGHVDQGKDYHDVLPLODUYDULHWRIKDELWDWV:kljZebyX`gZy :f_jbdZb :njbdZgZoh^ylkyijb[ebabl_evghgZl_o`_kZfuorbjh- lZob bf_xlijb[ebabl_evghh^bgZdhmx_kl_kl_ggmxkj_^m The team «animal» includes not only mammals, but also insects, UHSWLOHVDPSKLELDQVELUGVHWFL_jfbg©`bhlgh_ªdexqZ_l k_[yg_ lhevdhfe_dhiblZxsboghb gZk_dhfuoij_kfudZxsbokya_fgh- h^guoilbpb l^ It is believed that between 20 000 and 300 000 species are in $XVWUDOLDEXWVRIDURQODERXWKDYHEHHQGHVFULEHGKqblZ_lky qlh :kljZebbf_`^mhl^hb^h`bhlguogh ^hkboihjlhevdh[uebhibkZgu hdZ`bl_qlh :kljZebbg_h[uqgZynZmgZ Australia is unusual in fauna because there are 70% of the world’s marsupials, all of the world’s monotremes, a small percentage of placentals, an enormous diversity of parrots, a fascinating range of reptiles, amphibians and fish. There are also many unusual invertebrates. 'Hl_lvl_gZke_^mxsb_hijhku

1439. DZdfe_dhiblZxsb_dhjfylkhbo^_l_gur_c Mammals produce milk to suckle their young.

1440. Kh[ZdZ²fe_dhiblZxs__ A dog is a mammal.

1441. DZdfugZauZ_ffe_dhiblZxsbodhlhju_hldeZ^uZxlfy]- db_ycpZ Mammals that lay soft eggs are called monotremes.

1442. DZdfugZauZ_ffe_dhiblZxsbodhlhju_ghkyl^_l_gur_c kmfdZoIhq_fmbfijboh^blkywlh^_eZlv

1443. 215 Mammals that carry their young in the pouches are called marsupials. They have to do so because the young are born in an immature state.

1444. Qvb^_l_gurbjh`^Zxlky[he__jZablufbq_fm kmfqZluo Placentals’ young are born in a more mature state than those of marsupials.

1445. Ihq_fmk hklZevguffbjhf[uehfZeZh[f_gZ`bhlgufb There has been little exchange with the rest of the world because Australia has been isolated for long periods of time.

1446. DZdb_ijh[e_fulj_[mxlhkh[hcZ^ZilZpbb Such problems as draught, frequent floods and fires require unique adaptation. Lesson 7 Hl_lvl_gZke_^mxsb_hijhku

1447. Ihq_fmbkq_ad_g]mjmZeeZ[b Toolache wallaby have become extinct because of the combination of habitat clearing and sport shooting.

1448. Qlhihhsjy_lg_e_]Zevgucuhaihim]Z_k ahehlufbie_qZfb High prices encourage the smuggling of the gioldenshouldered parrot.

1449. Qlh^_eZ_lky^eylh]hqlh[uaZsblblvdjZq_d Wildlife agencies and volunteers fence off the nest sites and patrol the beaches to help protect terns.

1450. Ihq_fmdhebq_klhju[u j_qghckbkl_f_Fxjj_cZjebg] mf_gvrbehkv The number of fish in the Murray Darling River system decreased because of habitat loss and fishing.

1451. DZdb_ `bhlgu_ yeyxlky jZajmrbl_eyfb ZkljZebckdhc ijbjh^uIhq_fm Cats, foxes and rabbits are destructive for Australian wildlife. Cats kill many animals including small mammals, birds, frogs, reptiles and insects. Foxes are dangerous for brush-tailed bethongs, plain wanderers and other ground dwelling animals. Rabbits destroy arid parts by overgrazing. They not only eat palatable grasses but ringbark shrubs and trees. Homework ;m^vl_]hlhu jZkkdZaZlvh dhZeZo Ke_^mxsb_ hijhku ihfh]mlZf

1452. yey_lkyebDhZeZkZfufba_klgufZkljZebckdbf`bhlguf Yes, it is.

1453. =^_`bmldhZeu Koalas live in lightly wooded areas containing suitable food.

1454. Q_fhgbiblZxlky Koalas feed almost entirely on eucalyptus leaves.

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1456. 216 They seldom drink because they obtain enough water from the diet of leaves.

1457. Dh]^ZdhZeugZb[he__Zdlbgu Koala is most active just after sunset.

1458. DhZeZ ² wlh h^ghZi_jlmjgh_ kmfqZlh_ beb ieZp_glZjgh_ fe_dhiblZxs__ Koala is a marsupial mammal.

1459. DZdhckj_^gbckjhd`bagbdhZe A koala’s average life span is about 12 years in the wild, and sometimes 15 in captivity. Lesson 9 Homework AZ^Zcl_hijhkhd l_dklm 1) What is the main objective of the Zoo’s Education Centre? 2) What do they try to do? 3) Are we all part of the natural environment? 4) Do we need to be responsible for our interactions with our environment? 5) What should children and grow-ups recognize? 6) What do we need to think about? 7) Can our use of water, production of rubbish and energy consumption destroy our wildlife? 8) What will happen if we don’t change our behavior? 9) What can we do? 10) Should we appreciate the beauty of the nature? Lesson 11 Homework AZihegbl_ijh[_eu baby babies j_[_ghd / ^_lb tooth teeth am[ / am[u radio Radios JZ^bh leaf Leaves ebkl / ebklvy tax taxes GZeh]gZeh]b hero Heroes =_jhc]_jhb lorry Lorries =jmahbd]jmahbdb wife Wives `_gZ / `_gu loss Losses Ihl_jyihl_jb Monkey monkeys H[uavygZh[_avygu piano Pianos IbZgbgh wish Wishes @_eZgb_`_eZgby nucleus Nuclei Y^jhy^jZ way Ways Imlvimlb

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1518. Zg]ebckdhf_klvg_kdhevdhqZklhmihlj_[ey_fuoujZ`_gbc ijhbahr_^rbohleZlbgkdh]hohlyfgh]b_Zg]ebqZg_g_ agZxl h[ bodhjgyo(JhlH[HPSOLJUDWLDhagZqZ_lgZijbf_jLHhlLGHVWha- gZqZ_llh_klv hafh`ghh^gZbakZfuoagZf_gbluokhdjZs_gguonhjf Zg]- ebckdhfwlh2.ghgbdlhlhqghg_agZ_lhlq_]hhgZijhbahreZ ohlyih^ZghmklZghbr_fmkyij_^iheh`_gbxkqblZ_lkyqlhdZ- dhclhihem]jZfhlguclhj]h_p ijhrehfibkZegZf_rdZob lx- dZo©2.ªihhrb[d_^mfZyqlh©DOOFRUUHFWªibr_lky©RONRUUHFWª LZdbebbgZq_k_cqZkwlhZ[[j_bZlmjZ[_aiheghcnhjfu Lesson 12 %AZihegbl_fgh`_kl_ggh_qbkehlZf]^_wlhgm`gh dZ- `^hfij_^eh`_gbb 1) cat, mice; 2) thief, himself (thieves, themselves); 3) loaves, pounds, fish; 4) photos, this baby(these babies); 5) data; 6) pence; 7) children, teeth; 8) tomatoes, potatoes; 9) sheep, donkey; 10) leaves, trees.

1519. 219 AZihegbl_lZ[ebpm B.C. Before Crist ^h gZr_c wju U.N.O. United Nations Kh_^bg_ggh_ Dhjhe_klh B.B.C. British Broadcasting Cor- poration ;jblZgkdZy jZ^bh_sZl_evgZy dhfiZgby C.O.D. Cash On Delivery gZeh`_gguc ieZl_` No Number ghf_j Ms Mistress ]hkih`Z Ms Miss+Mrs ]hkih`Z M.A. Master of Arts fZ]bklj ]mfZgblZjguo gZmd Tues Tuesday lhjgbd Mr Mister ]hkih^bg V.A.T. Value Added Tax gZeh] gZ ^h[Ze_ggmx klhbfhklv P.S. post scriptum ihklkdjbilmf NATO North Atlantic Treaty Or- ganization K__jhZleZglbq_kdbc khxa I.O.U. I owe you Y Zf ^he`_g Aug August Z]mkl R.S.V.P. please reply ih`ZemcklZ hl_lvl_ p.a. per annum ]h^ C.B.D. Cash before Delivery ieZl_` gZebqgufb ^h k^Zqb lhZjZ O.K. all correct k_ ijZbevgh P.T.O. Please Turn Over kfhljb gZ ke_^mxs_c kljZgbp_ i.e. id est lh _klv A.D. anno Domini ^h gZr_c wju e.g. exempli gratia gZijbf_j Fri Friday iylgbpZ Ph.D doctor of Philosophy ^hdlhj nbehkhnbb A.S.A.P. As Soon As Possible dZd fh`gh [uklj__ Homework =^_ u fh`_l_ klj_lblv wlb Z[[j_bZlmju IhklZvl_ dZ`^mxZ[[j_bZlmjmgZgm`gh_f_klh 1) — b; 2) — d; 3) — a; 4) — c; 5) — f; 6) — e. klZvl_ LVDUHZHUHZDV ijh[_eu are; is; is; is; was; are; is; is; is. Lesson 13 %Mihlj_[bl_Z]^_wlhgm`gh What a pretty girl! What a talented doctor! What a smart woman! 'I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) If he had lent me money the previous year I would have bought a car. 2) They did not know when computer was invented. 3) Who discovered America?

1520. 220 4) It is the picture by Rafael, and it is worthless. 5) What time does the sun rise in April? 6) The veil was raised and the play began. 7) The load was being raised with the help of a crane when we came. 8) Tolkien’s novels were unknown in Russia for many years. 9) Few respect untruthful people. Homework Ijhqlbl_ ke_^mxsbc iZjZ]jZn b i_j__^bl_ _]h gZ jmkkdbcyaud GZaZgbyfhg_l njZaZo Zg]ebckdhffgh]hujZ`_gbc dhlhjuomihlj_[eyxlkygZaZ- gby;jblZgkdbofhg_l kyabk ^_ghfbgZpb_c]h]h^Zg_dhlh- ju_bafhg_l[hevr_g_kms_klmxlghujZ`_gbyk__s_`bu If you take care of the pennies, the pounds will take care of themselves dhi_cdZjm[ev[_j_`_l

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1528. wlhagZqblqlhhggZfgh]hgZfgh]hemqr_ KhihklZvl_jbkmgdbb ujZ`_gby a) — 6; b) — 1; c) — 5; d) — 2; e) — 3; f) — 4.

1529. 221 Ih^mfZcl_h jmkkdboihkehbpZob ujZ`_gbyodhlhju_ agZqZllh`_qlhb Zg]ebckdb_ihkehbpu l_dkl_ dhi_cdZjm[ev[_j_`_l wdhghfguc f_ehqZo jZklhqbl_evguc djmighf gZaZeky ]jma^_f²ihe_aZc dmahgZklhysbc^`_glevf_giZe_p jhlg_ deZ^b Lesson 14 I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) If he saved money he would be rich. 2) He was penny wise, pound foolish. 3) This car cost a pretty penny. 4) It’s a pity he doesn’t care an inch. 5) He couldn’t help helping her because he followed the rule «in for a penny, in for a pound». 6) John understood that he couldn’t get a quart into a pint pot. 7) You have to be careful with this man. You give him an inch, he will take a mile. 8) «What is he like?» — «he’s every inch a gentleman. 9) This event was a milestone in the development of their relationships. 10) His English is miles better than John’s. Homework I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) She asked where the children were. 2) We don’t know if there is fish in this lake. 3) Mother asked Ann where her clothes were. 4) He didn’t know if there was some money in the house. 5) He said that the goods were delivered in time. 6) The police doesn’t know where Jonathan is, does it? 7) Why is the furniture in her house so old? 8) Is her knowledge in mathematics is poor she won’t pass the exam. 9) Was there butter in the cake? Yes there was. 10) He didn’t know if his information would be useful. 11) He asked his friend how many fish he had caught. CHAPTER 6 Lesson 1 Homework I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) Australians are enthusiastic in art and music. 2) To go to the theatre women wear long dresses and men wear tuxedos.

1530. 222 3) Aboriginal art is very interesting. 4) They should have visited the National Gallery in Canberra. 5) There are many special exhibitions at the Gallery. 6) There are films and videofilms about art and artists. 7) The National Gallery has a travelling exhibition. 8) A suitcase of different kinds of artwork is sent to remote areas. 9) All museums have special services for the disabled. 10) How many museums are there in Australia? 11) She would like to see Aborigines’ drawings very much. 12) What cities did they visit during their trip to Australia? 13) If I were him I would have worn a tuxedo. 14) Do you like Aboriginal art? 15) After they were shown a film about this artist she wanted to see his paintings. Lesson 2 'I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) Is he a famous painter? 2) His paintings will be displayed at the National Gallery, won’t they? 3) When we were watching a film he remembered that he had seen this paainter’s works when he was in Australia. 4) She asked whom this painting was by. 5) When we were being told about this musician I wanted to listen to his music. 6) Is this museum visited by many tourists? 7) Who was this story written by? 8) There are endangered animals in Australia. 9) She were to meet at the theatre entrance, were they not? 10) There are many ways to help animals. 11) Will there be anyone at home when he comes? 12) I hope there will be no mistakes in your test. Lesson 3 %hihegbl_ij_^eh`_gbyb gZibrbl_bo ijZbevghfih- jy^d_ 1) Easter holidays. — 5 2) Are interested in making up coursework of by those who would like to accelerate their program. — 7 3) Four years — 1 4) the second, January, the end of May. — 4 5) the last week of august, until the middle of December, four week, Christmas — 3 6) courses of study during the summer months. — 6

1531. 223 7) Two terms or semesters. — 2 Homework Hl_lvl_ gZ ke_^mxsb_ hijhku b k^_eZcl_ ^hdeZ^u h[ Zf_jbdZgkdbo mgb_jkbl_lZo dhee_^`Zo bkihevamy hijhku dZdieZg 1) Kdhevdhijh^he`Z_lkyh[mq_gb_ The period of study is four years. 2) Kdhevdhk_f_kljh dZ`^hf]h^m Each year comprises two terms. 3) Dh]^ZgZqbgZ_lkyi_juck_f_klj The first term begins the last week of August. 4) Ijh^he`Z_lkyeblhjhck_f_klj^hdhgpZfZy Yes, it does,. 5) Qlhij_^hklZeyxlfgh]b_dhee_^`bhj_fye_lgbof_kyp_ Many colleges offer courses during summer months. 6) KdhevdhaZq_lh^he`_gihemqblvklm^_glaZdZ`^uck_f_klj An average student is expected to take 15 — 16 credits. 7) IjbdZdhfmkehbbklm^_glfh`_li_j_clbgZke_^mxsbcdmjk A student can pass to the next year if he has accumulated more than 30 credits. 8) DZdhgbgZauZxllhjhdmjkgbdZ They call a second year student a sophomore. 9) Dh]^Zklm^_gl]hlhaZdhgqblvmq_[gh_aZ_^_gb_ A student is ready for graduation after he has completed four years of study and has acquired 124 or 150 credits. I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) After he has taken his credits he will sit for examinations. 2) You have to work hard during a term, don’t you? 3) We would like this work to be done by the end of the month. 4) She is unlikely to have told him. 5) The teacher had to explain this rule once more. 6) She seems to have been in England. 7) When he called they were having a party. 8) He has been waiting for her for nearly an hour, and she hasn’t come yet. 9) How long have you known this man? 10) She asked if he had received her letter. Lesson 4 KHl_lvl_gZke_^mxsb_hijhku 1) Hdnhj^kdbcmgb_jkbl_l²wlhkhvjZgb_dhee_^`_c 2) Dh]^Z[uebhkghZgug_dhlhju_badhee_^`_c

1532. 224 3) DZdb_nmgdpbbm mgb_jkbl_lZ 4) DZdb__klm^_glu_klv dZ`^hfdhee_^`_ 5) H[tykgbl_qlhlZdh_kbkl_fZ ijbdj_ie_gby ij_ih^ZZl_ey d mq_gbdm 6) GZkdhevdhk_f_kljhjZa^_e_gmq_[guc]h^ 7) Dh]^Zijhh^ylkywdaZf_guaZk_f_klj 8) Qlhijhbkoh^bl_kebklm^_gjijhZebZ_lkygZwdaZf_g_ 9) Qlh [jblZgkdb_ klm^_glu ^he`gu gZ^_Zlv aZdZ_qbZy mgb- _jkbl_l ?I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) Are you interested in American Education system? 2) The period of study in an american college is four years, isn’t it? 3) How many credits must a student take every term? 4) There are amnt colleges in Oxford that ahve students of all kinds. 5) The academic year in england is divided into three terms. 6) The examinations are held at the end of each term. 7) For a break of discipline a student can be fined. Homework IjhqblZcl_b i_j__^bl_wlhll_dkl K_gly[jv. Ijb[ulb_ Y kb`m kh_cdhfgZl_hdjm`_ggZyq_fh^ZgZfbHgZimklZyb ^Z_lkhhl_lklmxs__hsms_gb_F_gylhevdhqlhijb_aeb mgb- _jkbl_lfhb ^jmavyIj_`^_k_]hfuh[jZlbebkv kijZhqgmx ]^_gZfkdZaZebqlh^_eZlvI_juff_klhfgZr_]hgZagZq_gby[u- eZkem`[Z`bevy]^_fuihemqbebdexqhlfh_cdhfgZluAZl_ffu lZd`_ihreb kem`[mijb_fZklm^_glhqlh[uihemqblvklm^_gq_- kdbc[be_lghhgZk__s_aZdjulZb g_hldjh_lky^haZljZihe- g_m^he_lhj_ggu_l_fqlhhgbk^_eZebfhb^jmavyhklZbebf_- gyh^gmb ih_oZeb^hfhcB hly a^_kvqlh[ugZqZlvfhxghmx `bagvklm^_glZ wlhc`bagbfg_ijb^_lkyaZ_klbghuo^jma_cb jZ]h magZlv dZd oh^blv aZ ihdmidZfb b klbjZlv u[jZlv [Zgd ]^_ y hldjhx kq_l gZclb kZfmx ^_r_mx l_e_nhggmx dhfiZgbx qlh[uahgblv^hfhcb «dhg_qghmqblkyGZ^hk^_eZlvk_wlhb g_lgbdh]hdlh[ufh]ihfhqvbeb^Zlvkh_lK wlh]hfhf_glZfhc ^hf ² [Zrgy J_ce_c h^gZ ba x`guo [Zr_g mgb_jkbl_lZ BlZd k_cqZkm f_gy_klv^ZZjbZglZEb[hmiZklvgZdjhZlvb e_e_ylv khb]jmklgu_fukebeb[h«uclbbadhfgZlub ihkfhlj_lvqlh ijhbkoh^bl dhgp_dhgphy ureZbadhfgZlub hq_gvkdhjhy m`_kb^_eZgZdmog_jZa]hZjbZyk ^mfy^_mrdZfbHgbh[_ba BjeZg^bbb h[_boahmlW_ebgb hgbu]ey^yllZd`_jZkl_jyggh b h^bghdhdZdb yghf_kl_fuihqmklhZebk_[ygZfgh]he_]q_

1533. 225 b jZkieZgbjhZeb^_gvIj_`^_k_]hfuihh[_^Z_f h^ghfbadZ- n_gZl_jjblhjbb mgb_jkbl_lZaZl_ffukh[bjZ_fky kmi_jfZj- d_l Z aZl_f « ihkfhljbf Fu ^_eZ_f dZd aZieZgbjhZeb fZ- e_gvdhfdZn_gZ]eZghciehsZ^biehsZ^v

1534. fgh]hex^_cA^_kv ufh`_l_mb^_lvij_^klZbl_e_cihqlbk_okljZga_fgh]hrZjZ ;hevrbgklhba gbokb^blaZ klhebdZfb gZ mebp_ jZa]hZjbZy b kf_ykvb dmjyY kfhljxgZgboghg_fh]mihgylvdlhbagbodZdb y lhevdhqlhijb_oZek_u]ey^ylkqZklebhb jZkkeZ[e_gghIh- ke_[ukljh]he_gqZfuhlijZey_fky kmi_jfZjd_l]^_fuijhh- ^bfhdhehihemqZkZWlhL_kdhb hg^_cklbl_evghhq_gv[hevrhc Fu [jh^bf ^hev [_kdhg_qguo ihehd iulZykv jZah[jZlvky qlh emqr_ dmiblv Fu k_ ^he`gu [ulv hq_gv ZddmjZlgu k jZkoh^hf ^_g_]GZdhg_pu[hjk^_eZgb fukghZ^hfZM gZk_s__klvg_- fgh]hj_f_gb^hh[_^Zb fuj_rZ_fohjhr_gvdh h]ey^_lvkyh- djm]Fub^_f Nblg_kkp_gljb [b[ebhl_dmK_cqZkm`_ihqlb l_fghb fufh`_fihex[hZlvkyhljZ`_gb_f[b[ebhl_db l_fguo h^Zoha_jZFulZd`_b^bf^hfZf_klh]^_`bml^jm]b_klm^_g- luIhke_wlh]hfuj_rZ_fqlhk gZk^hklZlhqghb ijhh^bfkih- dhcguc_q_j ©_jog_f;Zj_ªgZr_ff_klghfiZ[_« Hdly[jv Mq_[Z K_]h^gyfh_i_jh_aZgylb_Y _s_g_ihagZdhfbeZkvgbk fhbfb mqbl_eyfbgbk fh_c]jmiihcI_jh_kh[jZgb_ebg]bklbq_kdh]hhl- ^_e_gby khklhblky mljZ e_dpbhgghf a^Zgbb Y ^he`gZ [ulv hq_gv ZddmjZlgZ qlh[u g_ ijhimklblv _]h l_jjblhjby mgb_jkbl_lZ ^_cklbl_evgZ[hevrZyb yk__s_bf_xkeZ[h_ij_^klZe_gb_h lhf ]^_ gZoh^blky e_dpbhggh_ a^Zgb_ Dhg_qgh y hiZa^uZx gh k_ `_ ijboh`mhj_fyqlh[umagZlvdlh^bj_dlhjufh_]hdmjkZb dZd[m- ^_lhj]ZgbahZgZmq_[ZGZr_hl^_e_gb_hq_gv[hevrh_b hghjZa^_- e_ghgZjZagu_]jmiiu khhl_lklbbk h[eZklvxki_pbZebaZpbbFhc hkghghcij_^f_lkhpbhebg]bklbdZKhpbhebg]bklbdZf_kl_k kh- pbhebg]bklbq_kdbfb f_lh^Zfb fhb h[yaZl_evgu_ ^bkpbiebgu Y ^he`gZihk_sZlvboj_]meyjghjm]b_^bkpbiebgu_s_

1535. y fh]mu- [jZlvkZfZ?klvhdhehij_^f_lhu[hjZb g_h[yaZl_evgh^_eZlv u[hjijyfhk_cqZkGZf^Zebhdheh^mog_^_evqlh[uihoh^blvih- kemrZlv e_dpbb b j_rblv qlh fu kh[bjZ_fky ^_eZlv l_q_gbb hk- lZevghcqZklbq_l_jlbH^gZdh ke_^mxs_cq_l_jlbfukfh`_fu- [jZlv^jm]b_^bkpbiebguIhke_u[hjZ^bkpbiebggZfg_h[oh^bfh ihk_sZlv boj_]meyjgh b ^_eZlv jZ[hlu gZ ij_êh`_ggu_ mqbl_e_f l_fuLZd`_kms_klmxldjZcgb_kjhdbêyk^ZqbjZ[hlDjZcgbckjhd wlh²ki_pbZevgZy^ZlZb j_fydh]^Zklm^_gl^he`_gijbg_klbjZ[h- lmk_dj_lZjxhl^_e_gbyDZdlhevdhk_dj_lZjvihemqZ_l__hgZaZghkbl j_fy dhfivxl_jL_dlhhiZaûZxll_jyxlbebimgdlZ ijh-

1536. 226 p_glghfkhhlghr_gbb

1537. ^_gvhlbodhg_qghchp_gdbJZ[hlZhp_gbZ- _lky ijhp_glZoLZdl_hj_lbq_kdbukrZyhp_gdZ²SHUFHQWgh ^_cklbl_evghklb²SHUFHQW²kZfucukhdbchafh`gucj_- amevlZlQlh[uihemqblvkl_i_gvklm^_gl^he`_gihemqblvg_f_gvr_ q_fSHU FHQWaZdZ`^mx bajZ[hleyklm^_glh ihke_^g_]hdmjkZ wlhlmjh_gvgZfgh]hgb`_ Mgb_jkbl_lkdb_h[s_klZ K_]h^gy_ebdbc^_gvGZrbmgb_jkbl_lkdb_h[s_klZ^_eZxl [hevrmxuklZdmqlh[ughu_klm^_glufh]ebklmiblv h[s_- klhdhlhjh_bfbgl_j_kghQlh[uklZlvqe_ghfgm`ghaZieZlblv klmibl_evguc aghk g_dhlhjuo kemqZyo wlh k_]h ebrv h^bg nmgl ^jm]bokemqZyowlhgZfgh]h[hevr_H[uqghqe_gh[s_klZ ZlhfZlbq_kdbihemqZ_lkxbgnhjfZpbxijb]eZrZ_lkygZe_dpbb h[km`^_gbyb _q_jbgdbbdjhf_lh]hhgihemqZ_l[hevrmxkdb^- dmgZoh^ghc[be_lgZ_q_jbgdbh[s_klZKms_klm_lijbf_jgh jZaguoh[s_klb dZ`^h_bagboij_^klZe_ghgZ]eZghcieh- sZ^bY bfhb^jmavyoh^bfhdjm]^mfZyb jZa]hZjbZyG_dhlh- ju_bah[s_klg_hq_gv bgl_j_kgu êy gZk =j_q_kdh_ h[s_klh Lmj_pdh_h[s_klhBjeZg^kdh_h[s_klhF_dkbdZgkdh_h[s_klh Hgbêyl_oex^_cdhlhju_ijb_oZebbawlbokljZgFuijb^_fd gbfiha`_dh]^Zm gbo[m^ml_q_jbgdbb hgbijb]eZkylk_oih- kemrZlvbofmaudmihijh[hZlvbo_^mb ihlZgp_Zlvk gbfbQlh- [uk^_eZlvwlhg_h[yaZl_evgh[ulvqe_ghfLZd`_kms_klmxlh[- s_klZ hj]ZgbahZggu_ hl^_e_gbyfb lZdb_ dZd h[s_klZ khpbheh]bb dhfivxl_jZijZZ Hgb lh`_ g_ hq_gv ihimeyjgu dhgp_dhgphfu`_ihk_sZ_faZgylbyLZdqlh[hevrbgklhklm- ^_glhZlZdmxliZjmklhehijbgZê_`Zsboh[s_klm ex[bl_e_c dbghZ[khexlgucih[_^bl_ev

1538. b h[s_klmnblg_kZklmiblv gbo ^hhevgh^hjh]hghwlhklhbllh]hGZijbf_jh[s_klhex[bl_e_c dbghihdZauZ_lljbnbevfZ g_^_exb _]hqe_gufh]mlkfhlj_lv bo ijZdlbq_kdb [_kieZlgh lh j_fy dZd hklZevguf klm^_glZf ijboh^blkyieZlblvihnmglZaZdZ`^ucnbevfH[s_klhnblg_- kZ ^Z_ll_[_ijZh[_kieZlgh]hoh^Z mgb_jkbl_lkdbcnblg_kaZe IhwlhfmfuklZghbfkyqe_gZfbwlboh[s_kl Hl_lvl_gZhijhku Ijb[ulb_ 1) Marianna will be doing her master’s in the University of Essex. 2) MA means Master of Arts. 3) In her new life Marianna will have to make new friends and enemies, find out how to do her shopping and her laundry, choose a bank where she will open an account, find the cheapest telephone company to phone home and study. 4) Tesco is a supermarket.

1539. 227 5) Marianna’s impressions about Tesco are that it is a really enormous supermarket with endless shelves. 6) The students must be careful spending money, 7) as they don’t have enough money for wasting it? Besides extra expenditures are possible. Mq_[Z 1) Campus is the grounds and buildings of a university or college. 2) Marianna was able to find out who her course directors were and how the studies were going to be organized. 3) Marianna’s main subject is Sociolinguistics. 4) Module means anyone of several independent units that together form a course of study at a college or university. 5) Marianna has to choose three modules. 6) There are about 70 options to choose from. Students are given about two weeks to go, listen to the lectures and decide what they want to be doing for the rest of the term. Next term, however, they can pick up new modules. 7) Once the modules are chosen it is students’ responsibility to attend them regularly and write assignments on the topics suggested by the teacher. 8) A deadline is a special date and time when the student must bring the assignment to the secretary of the Department. 9) The assignment is brought to the secretary of the Department. As soon as she gets it she puts the time into her computer. Those who are late lose 2 or 3 points (per cent) per day from their final mark. 10) The work is marked in percent. 11) Theoretically the highest mark is 100per cent, but in reality 70 — 75per cent is the highest possible result. 12) To be awarded the degree a student should get not less than 60per cent for each of his assignments. This standard is much lower for the undergraduates. Mgb_jkbl_lkdb_h[s_klZ 1) University socs are making a big exhibition so the new students can join the societies they are interested in. 2) To become a member one should pay an entrance fee. 3) Usually a soc’s member automatically receives all the news, is invited to lectures, discussions and parties and, moreover, gets a big discount from the entrance fee to the soc’s parties. 4) At the University of Essex there are about 50 different socs. 5) There are socs for those, who came from different countries: a Greek soc, a Turkey soc, an Irish soc, a Mexican soc. There are also socs, organized by departments: a Sociology soc, a Computer soc, a Law soc. The most popular socs are the Film soc and the Fitness soc, the members of the first one watch film nearly for free, the members of the second one are given a free annual entry to the University fitness room.

1540. 228 6) Marianna chose the Film soc and the Fitness soc. Lesson 5 Homework Ijhqlbl_b i_j__^bl_ Ghy[jv G_fh]mih_jblvqlhijhr_ek_]hebrvf_kypk l_oihjdZdy ijb_oZeZ mgb_jkbl_lK_cqZkl_jjblhjbymgb_jkbl_lZwlhfhc^hf Y klZxb b^mgZe_dpbbHgbk_]^Zbgl_j_kgu_b bgnhjfZlbgu_ E_dlhju^ZxlgZfijhki_dlukhk_fqlh[m^_l l_q_gb_e_dpbblZd qlhgZfg_ijboh^blkyl_jylvj_fygZlhqlh[uibkZlvf_klhwlh]h fu fh`_f ijbgbfZlv mqZklb_ b [_kdhg_qgh ^bkdmlbjhZlv Fu m`_ agZ_fl_fugZrbojZ[hlghgbdlh_s_g_gZqZeibkZlvboMqbl_ey lh`_g_kijZrbZxlgZkh gboHgbk_]^ZjZûihfhqvghlhevdh_k- ebfuijhkbfboh[wlhfM gZkk__s_f_kyp^hi_jh]hdjZcg_]h kjhdZk^ZqblZdqlhfugZkeZ`^Z_fky`bagvxb gZrf_klguciZ[dh- lhjucgZauZ_lky©_jogbc[Zjªk_]^Zihehg_q_jhfFukfhljbf nbevfuoh^bf nblg_kaZeb gZjZagu__q_jbgdbmkljZbZ_fu_h[- s_klZfbIhke_^gyybagbo[ueZhj]ZgbahZgZf_dkbdZgkdbfh[s_kl- hfb [ueZihkys_gZgxk_okyluo_kvmgb_jkbl_lk^_eZedhk- lxfub dmibefZkdbWlh[ueihljykZxsbc_q_j LZd`_[uZxl_q_jZdh]^Zy kebrdhfmklZeZqlh[udm^Zlhb^lb Lh]^Zy ijhklhhklZxkv^hfZ gZr_cdZjlbj_ljbgZ^pZlvdhfgZlGZ kZfhf ^_e_ wlh g_ dZjlbjZ Z wlZ` q_lujgZ^pZlbwlZ`gh]h ^hfZ gh ljZ^bpbhggh_]hgZauZxldZjlbjhcFuk_`b_f gZrbokh[kl- _gguo dhfgZlZo gh dmogy h^gZ êy k_o GZf wlh gjZblky HgZ [hevrZyb khj_f_ggZyb k_]^ZihegZex^vfbdhlhju_ukemrZxl l_[yihfh]mll_[_bebijhklhm]hklyldZdbfgb[m^vhkh[uf[ex^hf dhlhjh_lugbdh]^ZjZgvr_g_ijh[hZeWlhdem[gZr_cdZjlbjuk h]jhfgufklhehfihk_j_^bg_aZdhlhjufoZlZ_lf_klZêyk_o Ghy[jv Y ^_cklbl_evghih^Ze_gZDjZcgb_kjhdbk^Zqbijb[eb`Zxl- kyZ fhbjZ[hlugZibkZgulhevdhgZihehbgmY g_agZxdZdy kh- [bjZxkv aZdhgqblv k_ hj_fy M f_gy bkkydeb b^_b y mklZeZ y g_kqZklgZDlhgb[m^vihfh]bl_fg_Ihq_fmy g_gZqZeZjZgvr_ Wlb^gby mqmkv^_gvb ghqvY ijhh`m[hevrmxqZklvj_f_gb [b[ebhl_d_KeZZ[h]mhgZjZ[hlZ_l^h^_kylb_q_jZDhg_qghk_ dgb]bdhlhju_fg_gm`gum`_^ZghjZah[jZebgh_klvlZd`_dh- ibbk_odgb]dhlhju_ex^bg_fh]mlughkblvlZdqlhy ihevam- xkvbfbhafh`ghihlj_[hZlvdgb]bh[jZlghm ^jm]boqblZl_e_c ?keby ijhrm[b[ebhl_dmhgbgZibrmlq_eh_dmm dhlhjh]hdgb]Z qlhfg_hgZgm`gZb aZklZyl_]h_jgmlv__ jZgvr_H^gZdhy g_ agZxihfh`_lebfg_wlhk_cqZkM f_gyg_lj_f_gb`^ZlvDhf-

1541. 229 ivxl_jgu_eZ[hjZlhjbbihegu wlb^gbKlm^_glu^he`gu`^Zlv êbgguohq_j_^yoqlh[uihihevahZlvkydhfivxl_jhfk_ibrml jZ[hludZ`ûcu]ey^blhaZ[hq_ggufb [e_^gufEZablv bgl_j- g_l_kljh]haZij_s_ghex^yfgm`gudhfivxl_juêyjZ[hluFg_ ihkqZklebbehkvm f_gy_klvkh[kl_ggucdhfivxl_j dhfgZl_Y g_ fh]m ij_^klZblv dZd ex^b fh]ml khkj_^hlhqblvky i_j_ihe- g_gguoeZ[hjZlhjbyoMqbl_eyk_cqZk_^Zeb^hklmiguêyjZa]h- hjhBodhgkmevlZpbhggu_qZkuiheghklvxjZkibkZgulZdqlhl_ dlhg_ih^mfZeh[wlhfjZgvr_mkeurZlihl_e_nhgmfmaudm G_dhlhju_ ba fhbo ^jma_c ijhê_Zxl kjhdb jm]bfb kehZfb hgboh^ylgZe_dpbb`ZemxlkygZ`bagvgZa^hjhv_ gZijy`_ggu_ hlghr_gby?kebbfih_a_lmqbl_evijhêblbfdjZcgbckjhdk^Zqb gZh^gmbeb^_g_^_ebIhqlbdZ`ûc]hhjblh ihemq_gbbijhê_- gbygh[hevrbgklhbagZkkebrdhf]hjûqlh[uijhkblvh g_f _dZ[jv ©KqZklebh]hJh`^_klZdjhrdZª²ihxykemrZyfmaudmb miZ- dhuZyq_fh^ZguY k^_eZeZwlhY gZibkZeZjZ[hlub k^ZeZboh- j_fyY kh[bjZxkvijh_klbfhbabfgb_dZgbdmeu ZebckdhfLhjg- [jb^`_Y g_b^_eZbok lh]hi_qZevgh]hfhf_glZdh]^Zhgbijb_aeb f_gygZl_jjblhjbxmgb_jkbl_lZ;m^_li_qZevghijhsZlvkyk fhbfb khdmjkgbdZfbgZf_kypghihqlbk_m_a`ZxlL_jjblhjbymgb_jkb- l_lZu]ey^blk_jhcb imklhcIhdZIh^t_oZehfh_lZdkb Hl_lvl_gZhijhku 1) Yes, Marianna like the lectures, because they are always interesting and informative. The lecturers give the students handouts with everything they say during the lecture, so they don’t have to waste their time on writing. Instead they can participate and have endless discussions. 2) No, the students don’t bother about writing assignments? As they still have a month before the first deadline. The teachers do not ask about them either. They are always happy to help, but only if the students ask them to. 3) They watch films, go to the fitness room and to different parties arranged by the socs. They are all enjoying themselves. 4) The Mexican soc organized a party devoted to Halloween. The whole University made costumes and bought masks. It was a great night. 5) The name flat is traditionally given to a floor of a 14-storeyed building. Every student lives in his own room, but the kitchen is for everybody to share. 6) Marianna has to spend day and night in the library as the deadlines are approaching and she is somewhere in the middle of writing her assignments.

1542. 230 7) Of course all the books Marianna needs are already taken, but there are copies of all books, that people cannot take out, so she is using them. 8) To reclaim the book means that it is possible to ask the library for a book which has been taken by someone else, and then they will write to this person that you need it and make him return it quicker. 9) The computer labs are full these days, as all the students have to use computers in their work. 10) The teachers are hardly available for talks now. Their consultation hours are fully booked, so those who did not think about it earlier have to face the music. 11) The expression «to get an extension» means, that if the teacher finds ground for it, he may extend the deadline for one or two weeks. 12) In order to get an extension one goes to the lectures and complain about life, health and stressful relationships. Lesson 6 %Ijhqlbl_qlhijhbahreh^Zevr_ Z]h^Zkimkly K_]h^gyfhcuimkdghc^_gvfhcihke_^gbc^_gv Wkk_dk_k_ jZ[hluwdaZf_gu^he]b_ghqb iZ[Zok_wlhk_cqZkihaZ^bY m`_g_ ihfgxdZdly`_ehfg_ ijbrehkvjZ[hlZlvjZ^bwlh]h^gyy ijhklh qmklmxi_qZevbaaZlh]hqlhijhrebfhb klm^_gq_kdb_^gb Fhb ^jmavyb ykh[bjZ_fkyihclb mgb_jkbl_lkdbckh_l]^_lblmefZ]b- kljZ]mfZgblZjguogZmdaZdj_iblkyaZgZfb ^Zggucfhf_gly ijb- f_jyxfZglbxb klm^_gq_kdmxreyimFZglby^ebggZyq_jgZyb kh- [h^gZy k [hevrbf dZixrhghf b djZkgh[_ehc ih^deZ^dhc HgZ u]ey^bldZdkj_^g__dhZyqlhg_m^bbl_evghljZ^bpbyghkblvwlb h^_`^u mgb_jkbl_l_^hhevgh^j_gyyKlm^_gluHdk[jb^`ZD_f- [jb^`Zb Hdknhj^Z

1543. dZdfubogZauZ_fk__s_ghkylfZglbbgZwd- aZf_gugh ^jm]bomgb_jkbl_lZofZglbbgZ^_Zxlebrvihhkh[uf kemqZyfB mgb_jkbl_lkdbckh_lwlh²kZfh_ Z`gh_ kh[ulb_J_- amevlZle_lmq_[uQ_j_a^_kylvfbgmly m`_kb`m _ebdhfAZe_Hg djZkbhmdjZr_gb gZ]eZghckl_g_gZibkZg^_bamgb_jkbl_lZWk- k_dk©Q_fljm^g__l_fk_j^p_kf_e__ªB]jZ_l]bfgb ijhn_kkhjZb ^hdlhjZ mgb_jkbl_lZ oh^yl aZe Ihke_^gbf oh^bl ehj^dZgpe_j GZg_fdjZkgZyfZglbyb reyiZHgijb_lklm_luimkdgbdhbojh- ^bl_e_cb ^jma_caZl_fgZauZ_lgZrbbf_gZh^ghaZ^jm]bfDh]^Z ih^oh^blfhyhq_j_^vy ihem`bZhlheg_gbyb g_ihfgxqlh^_eZlv ohlyi_j_^p_j_fhgb_cy gbfZl_evghijhqblZeZbgkljmdpbbGZdhg_p y ih^oh`md ehj^dZgpe_jmhgiha^jZey_lf_gyih`bfZ_lfg_jmdm b yihemqZxkhc^biehf«

1544. 231 Homework _jghbebg__jghbebg_lbgnhjfZpbb?kebg_lbgnhj- fZpbbihijh[mcl_ihjZafureylvbebmagZcl_ 1) wrong; 2) no information; 3) right; 4) wrong; 5) right; 6) wrong; 7) no information; 8) no information (but it is not right, Essex is close to London); 9) no information; 10) wrong; 11) wrong; 12) wrong; 13) wrong; 14) wrong; 15) no information; 16) right; 17) right; 18) wrong; 19) wrong; 20) wrong; 21) wrong; 22) no information; 23) no information; 24) no information (but it is true); 25) right; 26) wrong; 27) wrong; 28) wrong; 29) wrong. B]jZ;jhkvl_fhg_luK^_eZcl_^Zbebljboh^Z aZb- kbfhklbhllh]hqlhm Zkhj_ebebj_rdZJZ[hlZcl_iZjZfb

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1562. Ihk_lbl_mgb_jkbl_lkdbckh_l Lesson 7 $IhklZvl_]eZ]heu kdh[dZo ijZbevgmxnhjfm be_ffZ Was, lived, had, spent. Died, sent. Would meet. Had had, spoke, hated / Came, was lying. Unlock, will lie. Thought, was, would be.

1563. 232 Went, started, had read. Leave, remember, contains, unlock, will be blown. Exploded, explode, will blow. Could, opening, did not believe. Was, would think. %GZc^bl_bgnhjfZpbxdhlhjhcg_l l_dkl_ 1;3;4;5;7. Lesson 8 'Ijhgmf_jmcl_kh[ulby`bagbEZjjbKblkdb ijZbev- ghfihjy^d_ 4; 3; 6; 2; 1; 5. Lesson 9 %Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

1564. Ihq_fm:kljZebckdbcFheh^_`gucHjd_klj[ueZ`ghckbehc fmaudZevghc`bagbgZpbbh[mqZyemqrbofheh^uofmaudZglh It has been a vital force in the nation’s musical life, because it trains the best of Australia’s young musicians the rigours of professional orchestral life.

1565. hdZ`bl_qlh m hjd_kljZu^ZxsZyky j_imlZpby :kljZ- ebbb hk_ffbj_ The Orchestra has played in many countries.

1566. I_lZQ_cab]jZ_lgZkdjbid_bebgZibZgbgh Peta Chase plays the violin.

1567. hdZ`bl_qlhhgZlZeZglebucfmaudZgl She is a talented musician. She joined the Newcastle Conservatorium Children’s Symphony Orchestra and later became its leader. Then she was the leader of the Senior Orchestra at the Newcastle University conservatoruim. She had been awarded several scholarships and prizes for her contribution to music. Homework I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) What language is spoken in Holland? — Dutch is spoken in Holland. 2) Is her husband a Spaniard or a Portuguese? 3) The Danes speak Danish, don’t they? 4) The Londoner love their city. 5) Liverpudlians are proud of the fact that «Beetles» are from Liverpool. 6) People in Mexico speak Spanish, don’t they? 7) German is spoken in Austria. 8) Glaswegians speak English. Don’t they? 9) Japanese and Chinese are known to be the most difficult languages to study. 10) The Scots are very courageous.

1568. 233 Lesson 10 JZkkdZ`bl_h g_fbkihevamyke_^mxsb_kehZ Duncan Gifford is one of the most talented young musicians. He is in his fifth year at the Moscow Conservatoire. He is the winner of every major competition in Australia. He has appeared as soloist with many orchestras and toured Europe with the Australian Youth Orchestra. He has performed through Australia and many other countries all over the world. His first CD was released in 1993. 'J_deZfgu_h[tye_gbyBamqbl_ke_^mxs__;jblZgkdb_ f_klgu_ ]Za_lu h[uqgh kh^_j`Zl g_kdhevdh kljZgbp h[tye_- gbcdhlhju_k]jmiibjhZguihdZl_]hjbyfhlg_dhlhju_dZ- l_]hjbb b g_kdhevdhlbibqguo h[tye_gbc u[_jbl_ dZl_]h- jbx^eydZ`^h]hh[tye_gby 1) f; 2) c; 3) g; 4) a; 5) h; 6) e; 7) d; 8) b. Lesson 11 Homework Ijhqlbl_b i_j__^bl_ke_^mxsbciZjZ]jZn G_koh^bl_k mfZ Fgh]b_ ujZ`_gby Zg]ebckdhf bf_xl kehZ hlghkysb_ky d ]hjh^Zfb kljh_gbyfhlg_dhlhju_bagbo?kebuSDLQWWKHWRZQ UHGmkljhblvihihcdm

1569. uijZa^gm_l_hq_gvrmfgh iZ[_bebj_k- lhjZg_?kebqlhlhLVMXVWXS RXU VWUHHW jZa[bjZlvky q_feb[h

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1582. u kmfZkr_^rbc Khhlg_kbl_jbkmgdbb ujZ`_gby a — 5; b — 4; c — 6; d — 3; e — 1; f — 2.

1583. 234 I_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaud

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1591. AZ^Zgb_[uehdZdjZa^eyg_]h I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) This work is not up his street. 2) He realized he took the wrong turning. 3) Her husband has always been a tower of strength for her. 4) He was notorious for the fact, that he could drop a brick at any moment. 5) If you don’t stop thinking about it, you will go rou6) nd the bend. 7) I had to tell everything, because I had my back to the wall. 8) He did not want to paint the town red on his birthday. 9) It is easier to live without building castles in Spain. 10) Don’t waste your time. You are banging your head against a brick wall. Lesson 12 GZc^bl_bgnhjfZpbxdhlhjZykh^_j`blky l_dkl_ 1, 3, 6, 8, 9 Homework GZc^bl_ l_dkl_kehZih^oh^ysb_ih^ke_^mxsb_hij_- ^_e_gby 1) robbery; 2) an outlaw ; 3) a bushranger; 4) excitement; 5) bold; 6) threaten; 7) reply; 8) thunderbolt; 9) landscape; 10) western; 11) goldrush. KdZ`bl_g_kdhevdhkehh dZjlbg__©HklZghe_guª This painting is by an Australian artist Tom Roberts. It is based on a true story about a coach that was robbed during the goldrush in New South Wales. «Bail up» are the words the bushrangers shouted when they were robbing a coach. It reminds of an American western but the clothes, the landscape, the coach and the action in the picture are painted in such a way that it is clear that it is Australia. One robber is talking to a woman and we can see that he is not threatening her.

1592. 235 Lesson 14 :KhihklZvl_bf_gZ dhehgdZob kehZIjb_^_ggu_gb- `_KehZfh]ml[ulvbkihevahZgug_h^bgjZa A — 15, 3, 2; B — 6, 5, 3, 9, 24; C — 6, 4, 20, ; D — 10, 21, 22; E — 11, 7; F — 6; G — 12; H — 25, 14; I — 28, 8, 6. GZc^bl_kehhdhlhjh_u^_ey_lkybahklZevguo London — is odd because the rest are the names of territories. Spiritual is odd because the rest of words are connected with nature. Artefacts is odd because the rest of words are connected with religion. Gang-ngarl is odd because the rest of words are not the names of clans. Matata is odd because the rest of words are the names of the paintings. 1935 is odd because the rest of words are the years of births of artists. desert is odd because the rest of words are not connected with nature. AZihegbl_ g_^hklZxsmx bgnhjfZpbx b k^_eZcl_ fbgb ij_a_glZpbbh dZjlbgZo Om^h`gbd =h^ GZaZgb_dZjlbgu =eZ]heu Kms_klbl_evgu_ Artist Descendant Member Promotion Goose Egg Hunt To teach To develop To gain to display Kalumpiwarra- Ngulanintji Stockman Images Reference Features Significance Ginger Ri- ley Mundu- walawala Ngak-Ngak To paint To represent To focus To appear To show To depict To feature To issue To introduce To complete Stamps Watercolor Exhibitions Recognition Founder Award Community Desert Rituals Design

1593. 236 Om^h`gbd =h^ GZaZgb_dZjlbgu =eZ]heu Kms_klbl_evgu_ Content Fertility Belief Practice Nurture Sites Homework Om^h`gbd =h^ GZaZgb_dZjlbgu =eZ]heu Kms_klbl_evgu_ Hector Jan- dany 1991 Ngarrgooroon Country To show To complete To resign Stockman Cook Concerns Dreamtime stories Establishment Catholic Church Chairman Artefacts Lesson 15 Homework Hl_lvl_gZhijhku

1594. Ihq_fm`bfmevn_gkhgi_j_^Ze ^ZjGZpbhgZevghc=Ze_- j_b:kljZebbnhg^u He donated funds to the Gallery to enable it purchase works of art to be taken to children who live in remote areas of Australia.

1595. Qlhfh]ml^_lb^_eZlvk wdkihgZlZfb Children can discuss and explore objects.

1596. ;Z]h^Zjydhfmq_fh^Zgk ijhba_^_gbyfbbkdmkklZiml_r_- klm_lihk_c:kljZebb Thanks to Jim and Elaine Wolfenson’s gift suitcase with artworks travells all over Australia. Lesson 16 GZc^bl_ l_dkl_kehZdhlhju_ih^oh^yld ke_^mxsbf ]jmiiZfkeh Dazzling foremost Devote Win Focus 'AZihegbl_ijh[_eub i_j_kdZ`bl_l_dklBkihevamcl_dZd fh`gh[hevr_kh[kl_gguokeh One of the Australia’s foremost artists (outstanding, famous) His work (his paintings)

1597. 237 Dazzling beauty of Australia (magnificent nature) Sit (is situated, is located) Sydney Harbour The surrounding sandy beaches, sounds of lapping water, cjanging light In Sydney in 1940 To be an artist (to become) Began to study in one of the most important art schools Advertising Devote his energy to the creation of art Lives and works Australians and Australia Lesson 17 Homework IjhqblZcl_b i_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaud G_l_jycl_j_fyihgZijZkgm JZkl_gby b p_lu ^Zeb fgh`_klh jZa]hhjguo ujZ`_gbc Zg]ebckdhf hl g_kdhevdh ba kZfuo mihlj_[bfuo lZdbo ujZ`_- gbc $IDPLOWUHHjh^hkehgh_^j_h

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1613. 238 I_j__^bl_ij_êh`_gbygZZg]ebckdbcyaud ibkvf_g- ghcnhjf_ 1) I’m afraid you are barking the wrong tree. 2) They had been talking for two hours yet, and I understood, that the partners were beating about the bush. 3) Does he work in a branch office? 4) I’m afraid they do not see the wood for the trees and will arrive at a wrong decision. 5) His grandfather came from Russia and put down roots in California. 6) She feared greatly that Henry would not twig the truth. 7) When he was thinking about his sister he reminded a proverb that there’s no rose without a thorn. 8) Don’t gild the lily! You already look very nice. CHAPTER 7 Lesson 1 IhklZvl_]eZ]he kdh[dZo gm`gmxnhjfm 1) well, good; 2) wrongly, wrong; 3) terribly; 4) fast, fast; 5) good, well; 6) suddenly, sudden. Nearly; 7) easy, easily; 8) dark, rapidly; 9) good, easy, well, fard; heavily, heavy; 11) seriously; 12) happy, happily; 13) angrily; 14) hard, hard, busy; 15) hardly; 16) bad, bad; 17) usually Homework Ijhqlbl_ b i_j__^bl_ l_dkl Ih^q_jdgbl_ ijbeZ]Zl_ev- gu_gZj_qbyb khq_lZgbygZj_qbcb ijbeZ]Zl_evgo l_dkl_ aZl_fh[km^bl_dZdb_kehZqlhh[hagZqZxl Lhgg_evihÊZFZgr_f B^_y lhgg_ey ih^ EZFZgr_f g_ihkj_^kl_ggh kh_^bgyxsbf :g]ebxb NjZgpbxg_ghZye_lgZaZ^njZgpmakdbcbg`_g_j kdZaZeGZihe_hgmqlhihkljhblvêbgguclhgg_evihÊZFZgr_f iheg_hafh`ghlZddZdfhjkdh_^ghlZd`_dZdb kdZeuihh[_bf klhjhgZf EZFZgrZ khklhyl ba l_j^h]h f_eZ GZihe_hgZ [hevr_ bgl_j_khZeZ[hjv[Zk [jblZgpZfbq_fkh_^bg_gb_^mokljZggZ- k_]^Zb kdhj_ihke_wlh]hghZyhcgZf_`^m:g]eb_cb NjZgpb- _cij_^hljZlbeZex[h_^Zevg_cr__jZablb_wlh]hijh_dlZ AZl_f dhgp_ uo LhfZk ^_ =Zfhg^ ba NjZgpbb b K_j `hgOhdrhba;jblZgbb^Zhq_gvmki_rguobg`_g_jZkha^Zeb iheg_ j_Zebklbqguc ieZg `_e_agh^hjh`gh]h lhgg_ey dhlhjuc gZdhg_p ij_djZlbe [u baheypbx :g]ebb dZd hkljhZ DhfiZgbb [ueb[ukljhkha^ZgudZd ;jblZgbb lZd b h NjZgpbb gh kZfb a_feygu_jZ[hlug_gZqZebkv^huoWdki_jbf_glZevguclhg- g_evêbgghc ^Z dbehf_ljZ [ue ujul ba NhedklhgZ ih^ EZ

1614. 239 FZgr_fgh^Zevg_crb_^_cklby[ueb[ukljhijbhklZghe_guba aZhagbdr_]hj_Zevgh]hjbkdZ^jm]hc_jhi_ckdhchcgu B lhevdhihke_ihke_^g_chcgu;jblZgbyb NjZgpbygZqZebk_- jv_aaZ^mfuZlvkyh[hklZghe_gghfijh_dl_ ]jmiiZbamqZx- sZyijh_dluEZFZgrZhim[ebdhZeZij_êh`_gb_h `_e_agh^hjh`- ghflhgg_e_baNhedklhgZ DZe_b q_luj_]h^ZkimklyijZbl_evklZ ^mokljZgk g_hohlhckh]eZkbebkvgZdhg_pijh^he`blvwlbqZklhhl- deZûZ_fu_ijh_dluA_feygu_jZ[hlugZqZebkvghlhgg_evf_ê_g- ghijh^b]Zekyk_]hebrv^Zk ihehbghcdbehf_ljZlhgg_ey[ueb ijhjuluk h[_boklhjhgEZFZgrZdh]^ZijZbl_evklh;jblZgbbg_- ^Zevghb^ghij_djZlbehijh_dl H^gZdh uo;jblZgbyb NjZgpbyhah[ghbebi_j_]hhju b j_rbebkha^Zlvdhgkhjpbmfqlh[uaZdhgqblvijh_dlbkihevamy dZiblZekh[jZggucqZklgufh[jZahf;uehj_r_ghujulv`_e_a- gh^hjh`guclhgg_evq_j_akxl_jjblhjbxf_`^m^mfykljZgZfb ]^_ Zlhfh[bebklu fh]eb [u _a^blv gZ hldjuluo lhZjguo ieZl- nhjfZob [_agbo h[hbodhgpZoLukyqbjZ[hqbojZ[hlZebdjm]- eu_kmldbbkihevamyukhdhl_ogheh]bqgh_h[hjm^hZgb_aZqZklmx hiZkguomkehbyoihdZg_gZklmibe^he]h`^Zggucfhf_gldh]^Z njZgpmakdb_b Zg]ebckdb_bg`_g_jukfh]ebgZdhg_pih`Zlv^jm] ^jm]mjmdb]em[hdhih^h^ZfbEZFZgrZ H]jhfgu_ hdaZeu [ueb khhjm`_gu dZ`^hf dhgp_ lhgg_ey kh_jr_gghghu_klZgpbb[ueb ihkljh_gu Ehg^hg_ b IZjb`_ ukhdhkdhjhklgu_ih_a^Z[uebba]hlhe_guqlh[ui_j_hablviZk- kZ`bjhba;jblZgbbgZdhglbg_gl[uklj__b k[hevrbfbm^h[kl- Zfbq_fdh]^Zeb[hjZgvr_ JZajZ[hlZggucOZdrhb =Zfhg^hflhgg_evêyi_j_k_q_gbydZ- gZeZ[uegZdhg_pims_g ^_cklb_b ;jblZgby[hevr_g_[m^_l hlj_aZgZ hl khb _jhi_ckdbo khk_^_c lZdbf bklhjbq_kdbf [Zjv_- jhf dZd EZFZgr ;m^_l g_hafh`gh ijhqblZlv lZdb_ aZ]hehdb dZd wlhl qZklh pblbjm_fuc ihybrbcky h^gZ`û [jblZgkdhc ]Za_l_©GZÊZFZgr_flmfZgdhglbg_glbahebjhZgª Lesson 2 IjbeZ]Zl_evgh_bebgZj_qb_ 1) quiet; 2) near; 3) well; 4) loud; 5) deliciously; 6) angrily; 7) fine; 8) happy; 9) sick; 10) dark; 11) easy; 12) silent. Homework I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) When we saw him he could hardly speak. 2) He gets up early lately. 3) I feel well.

1615. 240 4) He spoke so fast that we could hardly understand him. 5) We had to work hard. 6) I like these flowers. They smell well. 7) She looked fine.(well) 8) Her voice sounds strange. 9) It got dark and we went home. Lesson 3 Homework I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) Are you older or younger than your brother? 2) I’m two years older. 3) Is his younger sister an actress? 4) His task was the easiest. 5) «Sibirsky Tsirulnik «is the most interesting film she has ever seen. 6) His essay was the best one. 7) My friend lives farther from the school than I do. 8) Is your flat less comfortable than mine? 9) He knew very little about his parents. 10) She read more articles than her friend. 11) Ken Dawn is one of the most famous Australian artists. 12) She looks as well as 20 years ago. 13) He is not so kind, as you think he is. 14) The sooner he’ll understand it, the better. 15) The longer the night, the shorter the day. 16) Why study The more I study the more I know The more I know the more I forget The more I forget the less I know Why study? Lesson 5 :I_j__^bl_gZZg]ebckdbcyaud 1) My library is not so old as the one in which Tom works. 2) I think the books in our library are not less interesting. 3) Tom helps people find the books they need. 4) After everyone leaves, he reshelves the books. 5) This job is better than his last job. 6) Tom can work as much as he wants but it should not interfere with his school work. 7) Most of his friends work.

1616. 241 Lesson 7 %Ijhqlbl_b i_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbcyaud Zg]ebckdhffgh]hjZa]hhjguoujZ`_gbc dhlhjuobkihev- amxlkygZaZgbyjZaebqguoqZkl_cl_eZIURPKHDGWRWRHk ]hehu ^hiyl

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1644. 242 Khhlg_kbl_jbkmgdbk ujZ`_gbyfb a — 5; b — 7; c — 4; d — 3 ; e — 2; f — 6; g — 1. GZc^bl_ iZjZ]jZn_ke_^mxsb_ujZ`_gby to have a finger in every pie to keep someone at arm’s length to have a sweet tooth to keep stiff upper lip to be all ears to keep one’s head to pick someone’s brains by the skin of one’s teeth to stick one’s neck out to keep one’s ear to the ground to lose one’s head to see eye to eye with someone to have something on the brain to turn up one’s nose at something to be above / over one’s head to pay through the nose to have one’s tongue in one’ teeth to get cold feet to be under someone’s thumb to fall on one’s feet to be thick-skinned to pull someone’s leg to find one’s feet to be thin-skinned blood freezes in one’s veins. Lesson 10 JZ[hluDZdZyjZ[hlZm wlboex^_cGZibrbl_ijZbev- gu_ ghf_jZ jy^hf k wlbfb kehZfb R_klv keh g_ [m^ml bk- ihevahZgu Homework IjhqblZcl_b i_j__^bl_gb`_ijb_^_ggu_hljudbAZ- ^Zcl_hijhkh IhagZdhfvl_kv`_cgMw[kl_j ?chgZlhevdhqlhaZdhgqbeZ mgb_jkbl_lHgZmqbeZkvgZnZdmevl_l_f_g_^`f_glZ mgb_jkbl_l_ aZdhgqbeZk hlebqb_fb hq_gvohq_lgZclbjZ[hlm mgb_jkbl_l_k_ agZeb`_cgHgZk_]^ZaZgbfZeZkZfu_hl_lkl_ggu_^he`ghklbb b]jZeZagZqbl_evgmxjhev `bagbmgb_jkbl_lZHgZhj]ZgbahuZeZ _q_jbgdb wdkdmjkbb b ij_^klZeyeZ klm^_glh ihke_^g_]h dmjkZ

1645. 243 klm^_gq_kdhfkh_l_ l_q_gb_^mok_f_kljhH^ghbakh[ulbcdhlh- jh_hgZhj]ZgbahZeZ^Z`_mihfbgZehkv =Zj^b_g_HgZ[ueZlZd`_ dZiblZghf mgb_jkbl_lkdhc he_c[hevghc dhfZgû HgZ Zlhj g_- kdhevdboim[ebdZpbcihf_g_^`f_glmb fZjd_lbg]m?_jZ[hlu[ueb gZi_qZlZgu b HgZhq_gvdZebnbpbjhZggZy q_klhex[bZy lhjq_kdZy b kZ- fhm_j_ggZy ebqghklv D kh`Ze_gbx hgZ lZd`_ ukhdhf_jgZ g_- l_ji_ebZb oZklebZHgZ]hhjbllhevdhihZg]ebckdbgh]hlhZ umqblv ^jm]b_ yaudb _keb __ ghZy ^he`ghklv [m^_l wlh lj_[h- ZlvM g__g_lhiulZjZ[hlughhgZhavf_lkylhevdhaZukhdhhi- eZqbZ_fmxijbylgmxb dZebnbpbjhZggmxjZ[hlmOh[[b`_cg ²bklhjbyb ]hlbq_kdZyZjobl_dlmjZ 1) What did Jane study at the university? 2) Why did everybody in the University know Jane? 3) What events did Jane arrange? 4) She is an author of several publications on Management and Marketing, isn’t she? 5) Is Jane’s hobby history or gothic architecture? IhagZdhfvl_kv:e_dkMhjZg]h^Z Hgihf_rZggZdhfivxl_- jZoHgijhh^blkxkhx`bagv bgl_jg_l_HgiulZekyjZ[hlZlv g_[hevrhcdhfiZgbbb [uehl_lkl_ggufaZih^^_j`dmk_ckbkl_fu ihevahZl_e_ch^gZdhkebrdhf[hevrZyhl_lkl_gghklvk^_eZeZjZ- [hlmmlhfbl_evghcb ^Z`_hiZkghcêyg_]h ^_cklbl_evghklb_]h ihke_^gbc ijh_dl [ue iheguf ijhZehf b dhfiZgby mhebeZ _]h :e_dkhq_gv^jm`_ex[gucm g_]hrbjhdbcdjm]hahjhglhjq_kdbcb ihe_agucq_eh_dghbgh]^Zhgg_fgh]hkl_kgbl_evgucg_gZ^_`guc b jZkk_ygguc _]h[m^ms_cjZ[hl_^he`_g[ulvihklhygguc]jZnbd jZ[hlugZ[ex^_gb_b ihfhsvkhklhjhgu[m^msbodhee_] 1) What is Alex’s main interest in life? 2) Does he have any work experience? 3) Why was he sacked from his previous work? 4) What are Alex’s positive features of character? 5) What is he looking for in his new job? IhagZdhfvl_kvBZgGbdheZ_e_lHghdhgqbeFhkdhkdbc Mgb_jkbl_lHgxjbklBZgki_pbZebabjm_lkyihijZZfq_eh_dZm g_]hk_fve_lhiulZdhgkmevlZpbhgghcjZ[hluWlZjZ[hlZ[ueZhq_gv dZebnbpbjhZggZy b lhjq_kdZy gh d kh`Ze_gbx gbadh hieZqbZ_- fZyHghq_gvkihdhcguc_èbucijbylguc b hgk_fgjZblky Hgqj_auqZcghdhfi_l_gl_gb mf_gHgi_j__oZebaJhkkbb :g]ebx b bs_lghmxjZ[hlmM g_]hlZd`_hlebqgu_agZgby0LFURVRIW:RUG ([FHOb 3RZHU3RLQWM BZgZj_f_ggu_ljm^ghklbk ihemq_gb_fjZa- j_r_gbygZjZ[hlmghhggZ^__lkyqlh_]h[m^msbcjZ[hlh^Zl_evih-

1646. 244 fh`_l_fm _]hihemq_gbb ^Zggucfhf_glhg[_j_lkyaZg_dZeb- nbpbjhZggmxjZ[hlmqlh[uk_klbdhgpuk dhgpZfb 1) What University has Ivan graduated from? 2) Does he have any experience of advice work? 3) What are Ivan’s positive and negative features of character? 4) Ivan is experiencing some problems with the work permit, isn’t he? 5) What computer programs Ivan knows? IhagZdhfvl_kvKhnby;jZmg]h^Z M g__g_lki_pbZevgh]h h[jZahZgbyghhgZex[bljZ[hlZlvk ex^vfbHgZhq_gvijbe_dZ- l_evgZq_ldhujZ`Z_lkhbfukebm g__ij_djZkgucdmkb fZg_- juHgZk_]^Zohjhrhh^_lZhgZh[Zyl_evgZb dhgdmj_glhkihkh[- gZKhnbykh[h^gh]hhjblihnjZgpmakdbg_fgh]hihbkiZgkdbb ihg_f_pdbIjh[e_fZKhnbb lhfqlhhgZe_gbZHgZjZ[hlZeZ k_dj_lZj_f]h^ZgZaZ^ghkhqeZwlmjZ[hlmkebrdhfkdmqghcb g_ dZebnbpbjhZgghcH^gZdh__ jZ[hlh^Zl_eb [uebkbevghi_qZl- e_gu_xb ^Zeb_chlebqgu_j_dhf_g^ZpbbIhke_wlh]hhgZ l_q_- gb_lj_oe_liml_r_klhZeZihfbjmb l_i_jv]hlhZgZqZlvdZjv_- jm ?c gm`gh qlhlh ^_cklbl_evgh keh`gh_ b lhjq_kdh_ HgZ ]hlhZjZ[hlZlvk_jomjhqgh 1) Does Sofia have any special education? 2) What are her positive characteristics? 3) When did she work as a secretary? 4) What is Sofia’s problem? 5) What kind of work she is looking for? ur_ijb_^_gghfl_dkl_ gZc^bl_ ijbeZ]Zl_evgu_ kh- hl_lklmxsb_ hibkZgbyf ijb_^_gguf gb`_ KhklZvl_ ij_^eh`_gbyihh[jZapm People who are confident are sure of themselves and their abilities. People who are boastful like to say how good they are at something. People who are quiet don’t get excited or nervous about things. People who are creative find it easy to produce new original ideas and things. People who are ambitious hate to lose at anything. People who are competent are usually sure of their own ability to do things. People who are shy feel uncomfortable in social situations. People who are domineering are always trying to control others without thinking too much how they feel. People who are impatient hate waiting for things and have no sympathy towards people’s weakness. People who are articulate are very good at talking and expressing their ideas.

1647. 245 AZihegbl_ lZ[ebpm ijbeZ]Zl_evgufb hibkuZxsbfb q_jluq_eh_q_kdh]hoZjZdl_jZ Iheh`bl_evgu_ HljbpZl_evgu_ efficient ambitious creative confident domineering impatient boastful shy Iheh`bl_evgu_ HljbpZl_evgu_ friendly broad-minded creative helpful polite pleasant competent intelligent charismatic competitive articulate insecure absent-minded lazy Lesson 11 Homework hlg_kdhevdhh[tye_gbch jZ[hl_AZdZdhcjZ[hlhcke_- ^m_lh[jZlblvky`_cgBZgm:e_dkmb Khnbb KZehgdjZkhluFboZ_evLhfZk Kem`Zsbck_dj_lZjv_^msbcijb_fihk_lbl_e_c Ih^jh[gZybgnhjfZpbyh jZ[hl_ Ih^jh[gh_hibkZgb_jZ[hlulj_[hZgby FboZ_ev LhfZk kZehg djZkhlu ukr_]h mjhgy bs_l q_eh_dZ `_eZxs_]hk^_eZlvdZjv_jmgZ^he`ghklvkem`Zs_]hk_dj_lZjy_- ^ms_]hijb_fihk_lbl_e_cgZfgh]hnmgdpbhgZevgmxjZ[hlmeywlhc jZ[hlug_h[oh^bfhg_dhlhjh_agZgb_dhfivxl_jZb hlebqgu_gZudb h[s_gby?kebuaZbgl_j_khZebkvb ZfgjZblkyjZ[hlZlvk ex^v- fbih`ZemcklZky`bl_kvk `_gbn_jbeb_ggb To my mind Sophia should apply for this job. Kem`[Zljm^hmkljhcklZ:^_ddh I_j_h^qbd Ih^jh[gZybgnhjfZpbyh jZ[hl_ Ih^jh[gh_hibkZgb_jZ[hlulj_[hZgby Gm`guibkvf_ggu_b mklgu_gZudbi_j_h^Zk Zg]ebckdh]hgZ jmkkdbcu[m^_l_ihfh]ZlvgZklj_qZoi_j_h^blvnbgZgkhmx bgnhjfZpbx ex^yf b i_j_h^blv ^hdmf_glu u ^he`gu bf_lv

1648. 246 hiuljZ[hlu ih^h[ghc^he`ghklbu[m^_l_jZ[hlZlvk f_`^m- gZjh^gufbijhn_kkbhgZeZfb[bag_kZ WlZ^he`ghklv²j_f_ggh_jZ[hq__f_klhZ]_glklZihljm^h- mkljhcklm :^_ddh Ih`ZemcklZ ihkueZcl_ Zr_ j_axf_ k khijh- h^bl_evgufbibkvfZfbihwe_dljhgghcihql_k mdZaZgb_fmjhgy g_h[oh^bfhc aZjZ[hlghc ieZlu _keb u aZbgl_j_khZgu wlhf lj_of_kyqghfijh_dl_ I suppose Ivan may apply for this job, although he has no prior experience within a similar business setting. Nelson, Riley, Mullins Scarborough Hi_jZlhjkbkl_fuh[jZ[hldbl_dklh Ih^jh[gZybgnhjfZpbyh jZ[hl_ Ih^jh[gh_hibkZgb_jZ[hlulj_[hZgby H[jZ[hldZl_dklhjZ[hlZ lj_lvxkf_gm NbebZem ehg^hgkdhc xjb^bq_kdhc dhfiZgbb gm`_g hi_jZlhj kbkl_fuh[jZ[hldb^ZgguogZjZ[hlmk _q_jZ^hmljZk ihg_^_evgbdZihq_l_j] Hlebqgu_agZgby0LFURVRIW:RUG([FHO3RZHU3RLQW Hiul jZ[hlu h[yaZl_e_g Hiul jZ[hlu Xjb^bq_kdhc dhfiZ- gbbh[yaZl_e_gIj_djZkgZyaZjZ[hlgZyieZlZb ihhsj_gby gbfZgb_dZg^b^Zlu²lhevdhihklhyggu_`bl_eb?jhiufh- ]mlaZgylv^he`ghklv²kiZkb[h Neither Jane, nor Ivan, nor Alex, nor Sophia should apply for this job. GZ[hjkhljm^gbdh^ey$ELJDLO6WDIILQJ Ih^jh[gZybgnhjfZpbyh jZ[hl_ he`ghklvMq_gbdf_g_^`_jZDhfiZgby$ELJDLO6WDIILQJ LbiihegucjZ[hqbc^_gvAZjZ[hlgZyieZlZ HibkZgb_jZ[hlu H]jhfgu_dZjv_jgu_hafh`ghklb DZgZ^_^eyg_^Zgbouimkd- gbdh dhee_^`_c u ^he`gu [ulv h[sbl_evgu aZbgl_j_khZgu ^_gv]Zo]hlhud dhgdmj_gpbbb bf_lvq_ldmxp_evIhke_lj_gbjh- hqghcijh]jZffu²f_kyp_

1649. Zf[m^_lij_^eh`_gl_klihf_- g_^`f_glmb _kebu_]hijhc^_l_Zku^bgmlgZ^he`ghklvih- fhsgbdZ f_g_^`_jZ ]^_ ZrZ aZjZ[hlgZy ieZlZ [m^_l m_ebq_gZ Ihfhsgbdf_g_^`_jZihemqZ_lijbf_jgh² ]h^Zev- g_crb_ ijh^b`_gby ih kem`[_ ² jmdhh^bl_ey mqZkldZ ²

1650. ^hh[eZklgh]hjmdhh^bl_ey²

1651. Wlh]hfh`gh^hklb]gmlv l_q_gb_e_lIj_`^_k_]hZkh[m- qZl_^_gbx[bag_kZk [hevrbfdhebq_klhfaZgylbcihijh^Z`Zf b fZjd_lbg]mDhfiZgbyohq_lgZgylvq_eh_dZ`_eZxs_]hk^_eZlv dZjv_jmk ohjhrbfbq_eh_q_kdbfbdZq_klZfbb ukrbfh[jZah-

1652. 247 Zgb_fWlhnZglZklbq_kdZyjZ[hlZêyl_odlhohq_lih^gylvky^h kZfh]h_joZdZjv_jghce_klgbpu Jane should apply for this job. he`ghklvK_dj_lZjv LbiihegucjZ[hqbc^_gv NZglZklbq_kdZyhafh`ghklv[eZ]h^ZjyjZkrbj_gbxêyukh- dhhj]ZgbahZggh]hk_dj_lZjyk aZiZkhfwg_j]bbb ]hlhh]hjZ[hlZlv ih^^Ze_gb_fh[klZghdbwlh]heb^bjmxs_]hj_deZfgh]hZ]_glkl- ZHj]ZgbaZpbyklj_qkhklZe_gb_jZkibkZgbywlhk_]hebrvg_- dhlhju_bah[yaZgghkl_c FbgbfZevgu_gZudbi_qZlbhlkeh fbgmlm Ohjhr__bebhlebqgh_agZgb_3RZHU3RLQWg_h[oh^bfh 16500≤ ?kebuaZbgl_j_khZebkvwlhc^he`ghklvxbeb^jm]hcih^h[- ghcjZ[hlhc gZr_clhjq_kdhch[klZghd_ih`ZemcklZky`bl_kv k `m^bHeb_jhf Fu²jZ[hlh^Zl_ev^ZxsbcjZgu_hafh`ghklbijbijb_f_ gZ jZ[hlm G_ ihklhyggu_ `bl_eb _ebdh[jblZgbb ^he`gu ih- keZlv^hdZaZl_evklhijZZgZ`bl_evklhb jZaj_r_gb_gZjZ[hlm WlhZ[khexlghg_h[oh^bfhêylh]hqlh[uj_axf_jZkkfZljbZ- ehkv Sophia should apply for this job. Lesson 12 H[km^bl_hkghuZykvgZj_deZfguoh[tye_gbyodhlhju_ u bamqbeb ^hfZDZdZy jZ[hlZ ihôh^bl `_cg Z dZdZy g_l H[tykgbl_ihq_fm The first job isn’t suitable for Jane as it is unskilled, it doesn’t require any special education. And for such an ambitious person as Jane is, it would be a step back in her career. The second one isn’t suitable either as Jane doesn’t know any foreign languages. The third one is not for her either, as she is not a word processor and of course she doesn’t have any experience within a similar business setting. But the forth one is just up her street. It is a well- paid, pleasant and skilled work, what is more, without any necessity of work experience, so it meets all her requirements. Jane wouldn’t be interested in the last one, as she is not a secretary and doesn’t wont to be it. Homework Bamqbl_ke_^mxs__ DZdibkZlvj_axf_eyq_]hhghgm`gh J_axf_wlhijhklhj_deZfZqlh[u ijh^Zlv k_[y jZ[hlh^Zl_ex u^he`guihkeZlvj_axf_jZ[hlh^Zl_eyf_kebhgbwlh]hijhkyl h[tye_gbbh jZ[hl_bebqlh[u magZlv_klv ebZdZgkbbgZdZdb_

1653. 248 eb[h^he`ghklbBlZdp_evZr_]hj_axf_k^_eZlvZkijbe_dZ- l_evguf bgl_j_kguf ^hklhcguf jZkkfhlj_gby dhfiZgbb b aZ kq_lwlh]h^h[blvkykh[_k_^hZgby dhfiZgbb Klbev JZ[hlh^Zl_evg_ohq_lb^_lvj_axf_dhlhju_k_gZibkZguZ[- khexlgh h^bgZdhuf h[jZahf Ihwlhfm g_ i_j_ibkuZcl_ ijhklh klZg^Zjlgu_ h[jZapu j_axf_ Zr_ j_axf_ ^he`gh [ulv Zrbf kh[kl_gguf ebqguf b g_fgh]h hlebqZlky J_axf_ ^he`gh [ulv khklZe_ghgZl_dklhhfijhp_kkhj_bebihdjZcg_cf_j_gZi_qZ- lZgh

1654. ohjhrh kieZgbjhZgh b jZki_qZlZgh gZ ijbgl_j_ ukhdh]h dZq_klZJmdhibkgu_j_axf_^eyZmlkZc^_jh hl^ZijbgpbiZh[s_gbydhlhju_gZ^haZihfgblv Imklvhgh[m^_lijhklufb ]emiuf ?kebhgbwlh]hg_keurZebuwlh]hg_]hhjbeb Qlhdexqblv Ebqgu_^Zggu_ Bfy^hfZrgbcZ^j_kZ^j_kdhee_^`Zl_e_nhggucghf_jwe_d- ljhggucZ^j_k^Zlmjh`^_gby?klv eb m Zkkhybgl_jg_l kljZ- gbqdZdexqbl_wlh_kebhgZohjhrZy

1655. H[jZahZgb_ MdZ`bl_mq_[gu_aZ_^_gby]^_umqbebkvkgZqZeZkZfh_ih- ke_^g__dexqZyex[u_ki_pbZevgu_ijh_dlub ^bkk_jlZpbx HiuljZ[hlu KgZqZeZ mdZ`bl_ kZfu_ ihke_^gb_ f_klZ jZ[hlu MdZ`bl_ bfy jZ[hlh^Zl_ey^he`ghklvb hq_gvZ`ghlhqlhu^_cklbl_evgh ^_eZebb ^hklb]ebgZwlhcjZ[hl_JZ[hlZk g_ihegufjZ[hqbf^g_f ^he`gZ[ulvlZd`_dexq_gZ Bgl_j_ku Hgb[m^mlhkh[_gghaZbgl_j_khZgu lhc^_yl_evghklb dhlh- jhcujmdhh^ysbcbebhl_lkl_ggucjZ[hlgbdEbqgu_bgl_j_- kulZdb_dZdkh[bjZgb_fZjhd[m^mlbff_g__bgl_j_kgu_kebhgb g_kyaZguk jZ[hlhcdhlhjmxuohlbl_ ihemqblvZcl_lhevdh ^hklZlhqgu_^eyh[tykg_gby^_lZeb?kebudZiblZgkihjlbghc dhfZg^ubfg_bgl_j_kghdh]^Zbf_gghuklmibebgZwlm^he`- ghklv kdhevdh b]j u ku]jZeb b kdhevdbo ih[_^beb

1656. ?keb u im[ebdhZebklZlvb khZlhjkl_bebkZfhklhyl_evgh^Zcl_ih^- jh[ghklb ?keb u mqZklhZeb dZdhfeb[h b^_ ^h[jhhevghc jZ[hluih`ZemcklZ^Zcl_ih^jh[ghklb GZudb AgZgby bghkljZgguo yaudh hiul jZ[hlu gZ dhfivxl_j_ beb gZebqb_h^bl_evkdh]hm^hklh_j_gby^he`gu[ulvdexq_gu

1657. 249 J_dhf_g^Zpbb H[uqgh^Zxl^Zbf_gbh^ghk f_klZ mq_[u^jm]h_k ex[h]h f_klZjZ[hluM^hklh_jvl_kvqlh[urb_jZ[hlh^Zl_ebohlyl^Zlv Zfj_dhf_g^ZpbxZcl_bojZ[hqb_b ^hfZrgb_l_e_nhggu_gh- f_jZ_kebhafh`gh Lesson 14 %hlh[jZa_p^_ehh]hibkvfZIh`ZemcklZaZihegbl_ijh- imkdbbkihevamywlbkehZb kehhkhq_lZgby In reference; Advertisement; An editor; The enclosed; Currently; Challenging; Do not hesitate; Thank you; Am looking forward Thank you. `_cgj_rbeZh[jZlblkyaZ^he`ghklvxihfhsgbdZf_- g_^`_jZ DZgZ^_hl__ j_axf_ Bfy`_cgMw[kl_j :^j_k_ebdh[jblZgbyEhg^hg?KJ JEhn[Zjb ZlZjh`^_gbyfZy HiuljZ[hlug_l H[jZahZgb_ ² k_jlbnbdZl h kj_^g_f h[jZahZgbb ² kj_^gyy rdheZ kylhc FZjbb Ehg^hg ² kl_i_gv [ZdZeZjZ ]mfZgblZjguogZmdihf_g_^`f_glm²Ehg^hgkdbcMgb_jkbl_l Bgl_j_kubklhjby]hlbq_kdZyZjobl_dlmjZ ' jm]hc dZg^b^Zl lZd`_ h[jZlbeky aZ wlhc ^he`ghklvx hl_]hj_axf_ Fhgj_Zev Dwghgkljbl ygZjy Fbkl_jmIbl_jkhgm Abigail Abbot Dbg]kKljbl Lhjhglh MZ`Z_fucfbkl_jIbl_jkhg Y ibrm hl_lgZZr_h[tye_gb_gZ^he`ghklvihfhsgbdZf_- g_^`_jZ LZcfkY lhevdhqlhhdhgqbemgb_jkbl_lb ihemqbekl_- i_gvihfZjd_lbg]m mgb_jkbl_l_y aZgbfZeg_kdhevdhhl_lkl_g- guo^he`ghkl_cY kh[h^gh]hhjxihnjZgpmakdbm f_gyohjhrb_

1658. 250 agZgbyg_f_pdh]hY ljm^hex[bp_e_mklj_fe_gkihkh[_gd lhjq_- klmb ex[exkeh`ghklbY [uohl_eqlh[ufhxdZg^b^ZlmjmjZk- kfZljbZebgZj_deZfbjm_fmx^he`ghklvJ_axf_ijbeZ]Z_lky?keb m Zk_klvdZdb_lhhijhkug_aZf_^ebl_evghh[jZsZcl_kvdhfg_ Bkdj_gg_Zr Ibl_j=jbg BfyIbl_j=jbg :^j_kDZgZ^ZFhgj_ZevDwghgkljbl ZlZjh`^_gby GZpbhgZevghklvdZgZ^_p H[jZahZgb_²kl_i_gv[ZdZeZjZ]mfZgblZjguogZmdih f_g_^`f_glm k hlebqb_f

1659. ² fhgj_Zevkdbc mgb_jkbl_l ² ^biehf njZgpmakdh]h h[jZaqZ h[ hdhgqZgbb kj_^g_c rdheu ki_- pbZebaZpbyihyaudZfb fZl_fZlbd_ HiuljZ[hlujZ[hlZ[Zjf_ghfgZg_ihegucjZ[hqbc^_gv H[s_kl_ggZy ^_yl_evghklv Ba[jZgguc ij_^klZbl_ev klm^_g- lhgZklm^_gq_kdhfkh_l_ GZudbkh[h^gucnjZgpmakdbcjZa]hhjgucg_f_pdbc Bgl_j_kuikboheh]bybgl_jg_l ?Hl_lvl_gZhijhku 1) Peter is more likely to get this gob. 2) No, he isn’t. 3) Peter’s CV is better laid out. 4) Jane forgot to mention her extracurricular activities. It was unnecessary to mention her lack of experience. Homework I_j_ibrbl_ j_axf_ `_cg qlh[u k^_eZlv _]h [he__ h[- klhyl_evguf 43 Lothbury London EC2P 2BP United Kingdom Mr Peterson Abigail Abbot 156, King’s Street Toronto Dear Mr Peterson I am writing in response to your advertisement for a trainee Manager in the Times. I have recently graduated from the University of London and have a degree in Marketing. In the University I took several very important positions involving leadership and responsibility and played a big part in the University life. I am an author of several publications on Management and Marketing. My works were published in 1997 and

1660. 251 1998. I am efficient, ambitious, creative and confident. I would like to be considered for the position you advertised. Please find my CV attached. Do not hesitate to ask me should you have any questions. I am looking Forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely yours, Jane Webster Name: Jane Webster Address: 43 Lothbury London EC2P 2BP D.O.B. May 6, 1977 Nationality: British Education: 1999 BA in Management The University of London 1995 Certificate of Secondary Education St Mary’s School Extracurricular activities: Elected Students representative on a Student’s Council for 2 semesters. I was also the captain of the University volleyball team. Skills: A perfect command of Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint. Interests: History, Gothic architecture. 2. GZibrbl_Zr_kh[kl_ggh_j_axf_ Name: Petrov Ivan Address: 22 Solianka Street Moscow Russia D.O.B. 12.02.85. Nationality: Russian Education: a pupil of a secondary education school, Moscow Work experience: part-time jobs as messenger Extracurricular activities: the captain of the school’s football team Skills: Fluent English, a perfect command of Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint. Interests: Internet. Lesson 15 $IjhqblZcl_b h[km^bl_l_dkl GZcfb mhevg_gb_ ?kebZr_fmjZ[hlh^Zl_exihgjZblkyZr_j_axf_uijb- ^_l_ gZ kh[_k_^hZgb_ Kh[_k_^hZgb_ wlh ihke_^gbc rZ] dh]^Z Zr jZ[hlh^Zl_ev klj_qZ_lky k Zfb ebqgh aZ^Z_l Zf hijhku bebbgh]^Zl_klbjm_lZrbkihkh[ghklbGh[uZxlkblmZpbbdh- ]^Zu^Z`_g_ihgbfZ_l_qlhZkl_klbjmxl Ij_^klZvl_ qlh u gZgbfZ_l_ dh]hlh gZ jZ[hlm DZd Zf emqr_ hp_gblv dZg^b^ZlZ Ih _]h dZg^b^Zlkdhfm j_axf_ _]h dZebnbdZpbb_]h hiulm jZ[hlu_]h ihq_jdm _]h agZdm ah^bZ- dZOhly[hevrbgklhbagZkiheZ]Z_lkygZh[udgh_ggh_kh[_- k_^hZgb_ bkke_^hZgby ijZdlbdb gZcfZ ijb_eb d m^bbl_ev-

1661. 252 gufj_amevlZlZfih_^_gb_dZg^b^ZlZgZkh[_k_^hZgbbikboh- eh]bq_kdb_ l_klu b p_gljuhp_gdb g_ yeyxlky gZ^_`guf ijb- agZdhfhafh`ghkl_cbeb[m^ms_]hmki_oZ jZ[hl_;m^l_hklh- jh`gu k j_axf_ lZd`_ ;jblZgbb Z]_glu ih gZcfm kqblZxl qlhkZfu_aZfdgmlu_ex^b^hklb]Zxlkh_jr_gklZ gZibkZgbb j_axf_gZjZ[hlm M hq_gv mki_rghc dhfiZgbb X]hAZiZ^gu_ :bZebgbb dhlhjZy yey_lkyh^gbfbakZfuoijbe_dZl_evguojZ[hlh^Zl_e_c :f_jbd_ g_fgh]hg_h[uqgucihôh^d gZcfm©GZfg_bgl_j_kgudZebnbdZ- pbybebhiulª²h[tykgy_lO_j[O_ee_o_jWlhfufh`_fgZlj_gb- jhZlvGZfgm`guex^bk ohjhrbfbebqghklgufbdZq_klZfbb qm- klhf xfhjZª ey X]hAZiZ^guo ZbZebgbc iheh`bl_evgh_ hlghr_gb_borlZlZ²hkghghcnZdlhjijbu[hj_ex^_c jm]hcmki_rgucjZ[hlh^Zl_evh^gZ`ûkdZaZefg_qlhêyg_- ]hemqrbcihdZaZl_evihl_gpbZevguomijZe_gq_kdbokihkh[ghkl_c dZg^b^ZlZwlh²klbevh`^_gbydZg^b^ZlZI_jh_kh[_k_^hZgb_ ijhoh^bl fZrbg_b _fmijboh^blkyhl_qZlvgZhijhkuIhdZhg _^_l Lh dZd dZg^b^Zl kijZey_lky k mebqguf ^b`_gb_f f_gy_l ihehkukijZey_lkyk g_ij_^kdZam_fufb ^hjh`gufbkblmZpbyfb b l^ ijbagZdb lh]h dZdb_ m g_]h beb m g__ hj]ZgbaZlhjkdb_ beb mijZe_gq_kdb_kihkh[ghklb Fh`_l_ebu^_cklbl_evghi_j_g_klbdZ`^h^g_gu_ijbuqdb gZjZ[hq__f_klhBah[j_lZl_evLhfZkW^bgkhglZd^mfZeHgijb]eZ- rZedZg^b^ZlhgZeZgq?kebhgbhrb[Zebkvb khebeb_^m^hlh]hdZd ihijh[hZeb __ hg bo g_ gZgbfZe hafh`ghklv ^_eZlv ihklhyggu_ ©j_Zevgu_ijh_jdbª[ueZhkghgufkhcklhfW^bkhgZ Z`gZy i_jkhgZ fbj_ dbgh Kwf =he^mbg gZr_e [he__ wfh- pbhgZevgucihôh^d hijhkZfih^[hjZrlZlZ © fh_chj]ZgbaZ- pbbfg_g_gm`guihôZebfuFg_gm`gujmdhh^bl_ebdhlhju_ [u]hhjbebfg_ijZ^mZ`__keb[uwlhklhbehbfjZ[hlu Ijh_jvl_khcZg]ebckdbc :u[_jbl_ijZbevgmxnhjfmI_j__^bl_gZjmkkdbc

1662. EmgZh[jZsZ_lkyhdjm]a_febJRHV

1663. :njbd_hq_gv`ZjdhLWLV

1664. Fheh^u_ex^bex[yl]hhjblvh ex[bORYH

1665. DZgZ^_ex^babfhcghkyll_iemxh^_`^mqlh[u bf[ueh l_iehWRNHHS

1666. fh_foheh^bevgbd_g_l_^uDQ

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1669. ]h^memqrbcklm^_glgZr_]hdeZkkZ_^_l :g]ebxWKHEHVW

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1672. 253

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1676. ?_j_eb]bhagu_m[_`^_gbyaZklZbeb__ hklZlvkyg_bgghc (made her)

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1678. HgZ[ueZu^Zxs_ckyebqghklvxb dZd`_gsbgZb dZddh- jhe_ZERWK

1679. l_q_gb___ ijZe_gbyZg]ebqZg_iml_r_klhZebihk_fm fbjmDOORYHU

1680. Ex^bkqblZebqlhhgZ[ueZkylhcEHOLHYHG

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1682. HgZ`beZ^Zghgh[jblZgpu[m^ml__ ihfgblvdZdh^gh]h baemqrbofhgZjohdhlhju_[ueb:g]ebbKDVHYHU

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1685. Ghfuk_agZ_fqlhhgbg_ijZuZKR

1686. IhgbfZlv bghkljZggu_ yaudb h^gZ ba kZfuo aZ^Zq ^ey ex- ^_cWKHKDUGHVW

1687. Q_eh_d fh`_l gZqZlv ihgbfZlv _]h lhevdh _keb hg ]hlh k^_eZlvmkbeb_LVZLOOLQJWR

1688. G_dhlhju_ex^bg_ijbudebbamqZlv]jZffZlbdmbojh^gh- ]hyaudZWRVWXGLQJ

1689. Fgh]b_ klm^_glu bamqZxsb_ bghkljZggu_ yaudb `Ze_xl qlhg_gZqZebbamqZlvbodh]^Zhgb[uebfheh`_RXQJHU

1690. khj_f_gghffbj_ex^yfgm`guyaudbqlh[uh[sZlvky (needs)

1691. FZehkljZgfh]ml`blvkZfhklhyl_evghE

1692. AZiZ^ghc?jhi_g_lkljZgg_oh^ysbo H[sbcjughdDQ

1693. G_dhlhju_ex^biulZxlkymemqrblvkhcZg]ebckdbckem- rZy;bleaOLVWHQLQJWR

1694. G_dhlhju_^jm]b_ex^b`bml bghkljZgghck_fv_qlh[u umqblvyaudOLYLQJ

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1698. 254

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1700. BoihfhedZrbjhdhh[km`^ZeZkvZDVWDONHGPXFK

1701. Hgb^he`gu[bebih`_gblvky dhgp_fZyZHUH

1702. Ij_djZkguf_k_ggbf^g_fhgb_oZebf_kl_gZ;hg^kljbl qlh[uu[jZlvdhevpZRQ

1703. H^ghaZ^jm]bfdhevpZihdZauZebkvO_jfhg_b hgZh[km`- ^ZeZbokhagZgb_fdhlhjh_m^bbehNj_^^bb hkoblbeZeZ^_evpZ fZ]ZabgZZHUHEHLQJVKRZQZDVGLVFXVVLQJ

1704. IhdZhgbjZkkfZljbZebdhevpZ^h_fm`qbghreb fZ]Z- abgb ihijhkbebihdZaZlvbfg_kdhevdh[jZke_lh

1705. G_kdhevdh[jZke_lhiheh`bebgZklhei_j_^gbfbZHUHSXW

1706. Ghfm`qbgZf[uehgZfgh]hly`_e__m]h^blvq_fO_jfhg_ (the; were; much more; had been)

1707. Ijh^Zpm dZaZehkv qlh hgb gbdh]^Z g_ ijbfml j_r_- gbyVHHPHGWKDWFRPH

1708. Hgb m`_ jZkkfZljbZeb [jZke_lu g_dhlhjh_ j_fy dh]^Z g_aZighgZqZehqlhlhijhbkoh^blvKDGEHHQH[DPLQLQJ

1709. FZrbgZih^t_oZeZd fZ]Zabgmbg_aZighh^bgbafm`qbg lhedgme ijh^ZpZ b ^jm]hc aye ihe^x`bgu [jZke_lh dhlhju_ e_`ZebgZijbeZd_b ih[_`Zed ^_jyfDWKHRWKHUZHUH

1710. Nj_^^bmb^_eqlhO_jfhgZklhblh^gZjy^hfk ^_jvxVDZ

1711. Nj_^^bih^mfZeqlhhgZkebrdhfgZim]ZgZqlh[u^b]Zlv- kyZDV

1712. Q_eh_ddhlhjucih^[_`Zed ^_jbk_cqZkih^gbfZejmdm qlh[um^Zjblv__DSSURDFKHGUDLVLQJWRVWULNH

1713. Ghhgwlh]hg_k^_eZeGLG

1714. ihke_^gbc fhf_gl O_jfhgZ hlhreZ gZ rZ] klhjhgm b q_eh_dijhr_e]hehhci_j_^q_j_abljbgmfZ]ZabgZDWPDQ

1715. L_[_ ke_^hZeh kdZaZlv fg_ qlh lu agZ_rv ^`bm^`bpmª kdZaZeNj_^^bNQHZ

Gdz angliskiy klimenteva_2001

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