GRADE8-SCIENCE-EARTH-AND-SPACE-MELC 13.pptx
- 1. Welcome to the world of science
- 2. L1. How Typhoons Develop + Characteristics & Development of Typhoons + Classification of Tropical Cyclones + Public Storm Warning Signals + Explain why the Philippines is prone to typhoons 2
- 5. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 1. Where do typhoons form? A. Lakes B. Ocean C. Streams D. Rivers
- 6. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2. Which weather disturbance develops in the northwest Pacific Ocean? A. Blizzard B. Tropical Cyclone C. Tsunami D. Tornado
- 7. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 3. What is the other term for tropical cyclone? A. Earthquake B. Tsunami C. Typhoon D. Volcanic Eruption
- 8. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 4. Where do typhoons that hit the Philippines mostly originate? A. Indian Ocean B. Pacific Ocean C. South China Sea D. West Philippine Sea
- 9. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 5. What does ITCZ mean? A. Intertropical Convergence Zone B. Intratropical Converging Zone C. Intertropical Converging Zone D. Intratropical Convergence Zone
- 10. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 6. How would you describe the condition within the typhoon’s eye? A. Calm B. Intense C. Sunny D. Violent
- 11. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 7. Which tropical cyclone has a wind speed greater than 200 kph? A. Tropical Depression B. Typhoon C. Super Typhoon D. Tropical Storm
- 12. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 8. What is the name of the big body of water that is where almost all typhoon that pass in our country? A. Indian Ocean B. West Philippine Sea C. Atlantic Ocean D. Pacific Ocean
- 13. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 9. What is the cyclonic circulation of tropical cyclone if it is located in the southern hemisphere? A. Counter- clockwise B. Upward Rotation C. Clockwise D. downward Rotation
- 14. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 10. What causes tropical cyclone to spin? A. Rotation of the earth B. Revolution of the earth C. Gravitational pull of the sun D. Gravitational pull of the moon
- 15. Watch this! 15
- 16. describe the one you saw in the video? What do you call that kind of natural phenomenon? 16
- 17. “ 17 Bagyo/ Storm/Typhoon + very strong wind + trees are swaying + some objects are flying + there is flood
- 18. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL What is a tropical cyclone? https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 19. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL TROPICAL CYCLONE https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif -It is rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain. -is a meteorological term which refers to its cyclonic circulation where the strong winds in the Northern Hemisphere circulate counter-clockwise in Southern Hemisphere.
- 20. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Hurricane – if it formed in the North Atlantic Ocean, affecting the most of Caribbean Sea. https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 21. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Typhoon – when formed in Northwest Pacific Ocean, affecting Southeast Asia, the West Philippine Sea and mostly Japan. https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 22. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Severe Tropical Cyclone – in the Southeastern India and Southwest Pacific Oceans. https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 23. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Severe Cyclonic storm– in the North Indian Ocean. https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 24. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Tropical Cyclone– in the Southwest Indian Ocean. https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 25. What is a Typhoon? DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Typhoon (bagyo) - also known as tropical cyclone. It is an intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans, is characterized as low atmospheric pressure, high winds and heavy rain. https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 26. Did you know that? DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL The tropical cyclone undergoes a process of development called tropical cyclogenesis. Warm ocean surface with temperature of 26.5 ºC or 79.7ºF to a depth of at least 50 meters below the surface, which is favorable environment to maintain a “warm core” that powers up tropical cyclone
- 27. Did you know that? DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Presence of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Greater amount of water vapor in the air (high humidity) in the lower to middle levels of the troposphere.
- 28. Did you know that? DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Enough Coriolis force to deflect the converging wind which is at least 5º of latitude from the equator, causing cyclonic rotation and sustaining a low pressure center.
- 29. Did you know that? DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL a pre-existing low level disturbance or the merging of smaller circulations within the ITCZ weak vertical wind shear that is less than 10 m/s
- 30. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL The classification of tropical cyclones according to the strength of the associated winds as adopted by PAGASA as of 23 March 2022 are as follows: https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 31. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL TROPICAL DEPRESSION (TD) - a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of up to 39 61 kilometers per hour (kph) or less than 34 nautical miles per hour (knots) . WIND SIGNAL 1 TROPICAL STORM (TS) - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 62 to 88 kph or 34 - 47 knots. WIND SIGNAL 2 https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 32. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SEVERE TROPICAL STORM (STS) - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 87 to 117 kph or 48 - 63 knots. WIND SIGNAL 3 TYPHOON (TY) - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 118 to 184 kph or 64 - 99 knots. WIND SIGNAL 4 https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 33. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SUPER TYPHOON (STY) - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed exceeding 185 kph or more than 100 knots. WIND SIGNAL 5 https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 34. also called “cyclones”, originate over waters specifically over the ocean and classified according to their geographical location. a violent disturbance of the atmosphere with strong winds and usually rain, thunder, lightning, or snow. Storm (Bagyo) 34
- 36. Typhoon Development Evaporation of water at ocean surface temperature of 26.50 C or higher. Warm, moist air rises upwards from ocean surface, leaving a low pressure area near the ocean surface 36 Steps in typhoon development Air from surrounding high pressure areas rushes towards the low pressure area. This air is initially dry and cooler, but near the ocean surface, the air is heated and carries more water vapos from continuous evaporation
- 37. Typhoon Development As the warm air rises toward the cooler parts of the upper atmoshere, it cools off and the water vapor begins to condense to form clouds. More clouds form and wind speed picks up as the Coriolis Effect causes the air to spiral as it rises. As the winds rotate faster, the low pressure area near the ocean surface becomes a tropical depression, and may eventually turn into a typhoon 37 Steps in typhoon development
- 38. Formation of Typhoon DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL https://www.theglobeandmail.com/legacy/static/mobile/oneoffs/typhoon_how1.png?token=1538752867 Typhoons start off as tropical thunderstorms. The strong winds pull in moisture from the oceans.
- 39. Formation of Typhoon DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL The thunderstorms convert the moisture into heat. The heat causes more air to flow to the center of the storm causing evaporation. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/legacy/static/mobile/oneoffs/typhoon_how2.png?token=1538752867
- 40. Formation of Typhoon DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL All the heat and air flow toward the eye creating the typhoon. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/legacy/static/mobile/oneoffs/typhoon_how3.png?token=1538752867
- 41. Typhoon Development As the warm air rises toward the cooler parts of the upper atmoshere, it cools off and the water vapor begins to condense to form clouds. More clouds form and wind speed picks up as the Coriolis Effect causes the air to spiral as it rises. As the winds rotate faster, the low pressure area near the ocean surface becomes a tropical depression, and may eventually turn into a typhoon 41 Steps in typhoon development
- 42. What atmospheric condition is needed in order for the typhoon to form? 42
- 43. Condition for typhoon formation Heat causes water to evaporate, saturating the clouds and making them heavy with moisture that will eventually fall back to Earth as rain 43 Continuous Evaporation and Water Cycles
- 44. Condition for typhoon formation If the air pressure drops too low, the strong storm will surely form, with heavy rains and strong winds 44 Differences in Air Pressure
- 45. Parts of Typhoon DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL http://integsci8rshscar.weebly.com/uploads/5/6/7/8/56780415/667331814.gif ⮚ Lowest air pressure is at the eye and low wind speed ⮚ Highest wind speed in the eyewall
- 46. Anatomy of a storm Eye of the storm- located at the center of the spiral Eye Wall- mass of clouds that swirls around the eye of a storm rain bands- outer edges of the storm 46
- 47. Condition for typhoon formation Accumulation of high-speed winds towards a particular area Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITZC) is an area where the Northen and Southern Hemispheric winds converge. 47 Convergent Winds
- 48. Why is the philippines prone to typhoon? 48
- 49. Typhoon-prone philippines The Philippines archipelago located within the typhoon belt of the Pacific, lying within the proximity of the Intertropical Covergence Zone (ITCZ) where trade winds converge and storms commonly form within the western Pacific. 49
- 50. Typhoon-prone philippines About 20 typhoons passing through the country each year within the months of, but not limited to the period, June to November. 50
- 51. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) Government Agency responsible for monitoring typhoons and weather disturbances, weather forecasting, flood control, and astronomy research. 51
- 52. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) PAGASA falls under the scope of the Department of Science and Technology. The website normally releases weather updates every six hours except during typhoon. 52
- 53. Storm Signal DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
- 54. Public storm warning signals (PSWS) PAGASA uses the PSWS with five warning levels to describe the intensity of a storm. Each level corresponds to a range of wind speed (kph) and the approximate number of hours wherein strong winds or rain are expected 54
- 55. Public storm warning signals (PSWS) PAGASA uses the PSWS with five warning levels to describe the intensity of a storm. Each level corresponds to a range of wind speed (kph) and the approximate number of hours wherein strong winds or rain are expected 55
- 56. Public Storm Warning Signals (PSWS) DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL PSWS # What it means The following may happen What to do 1 A tropical cyclone will affect the locality Winds of 30-60 kph may be expected in at least 36 hours or irregular rains may be expected within 36 hours ⮚ Twigs and branches of small trees are broken ⮚ Some banana plants are tilted or downed ⮚ Some houses of very light materials partially unroofed ⮚ Rice crops suffer significant damage in its flowering stage ✔ Watch out for big waves ✔ Listen to severe weather bulletin issued by PAGASA
- 57. Public Storm Warning Signals (PSWS) DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL PSWS # What it means The following may happen What to do 2 A tropical cyclone will affect the locality Winds of greater than 60 kph up to 100 kph may be expected in at least 24 hours ⮚ Large number of nipa and cogon houses may be partially or totally unroofed ⮚ Some old galvanized iron roof may be peeled off ⮚ Winds may bring light to moderate damage to exposed communities ⮚ Some coconut trees may be tilted while few are broken ⮚ Few big trees may be uprooted ⮚ Many banana plants may be downed ⮚ Rice and corn may be adversely affected ✔ Avoid riding in small seacraft ✔ Those who travel by sea and air should avoid unnecessary risks ✔ Postpone outdoor activities of children
- 58. Public Storm Warning Signals (PSWS) DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL PSWS # What it means The following may happen What to do 3 A tropical cyclone will affect locality Winds of greater than 100 kph to 185 kph may be expected in at least 18 hours ⮚ Many coconut trees are broken or destroyed. ⮚ Almost all banana plants down and a large number of trees uprooted ⮚ Rice and corn crops suffer heavy losses ⮚ Majority of all nipa and cogon houses uprooted or destroyed; considerable damage to structures of light to medium construction ⮚ Widespread disruption of electrical power and communication services ⮚ Moderate to heavy damage ✔ Avoid riding in any seacraft ✔ Seek shelter in strong buildings ✔ Evacuate from low- lying areas ✔ Stay away from coasts and river banks
- 59. Public Storm Warning Signals (PSWS) DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL PSWS # What it means The following may happen What to do 4 A very intense typhoon will affect locality very strong winds of more than 185 kph maybe expected in at least 12 hours ⮚ Coconut plantation may suffer extensive damage ⮚ Many large trees maybe uprooted ⮚ Rice and corn plantation may suffer severe losses ⮚ Most residential and institutional buildings of mixed construction maybe severely damaged ⮚ Electrical power distribution and communication services maybe severely disrupted ⮚ Damage to affected communities can be very heavy ✔ All travels and outdoor activities should be cancelled ✔ Evacuation to safer shelters should have been completed by now ✔ The locality is very likely to be hit directly by the eye of the typhoon.
- 60. Modified Tropical Cyclone Warning System DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL http://typhoonmanila.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/2/4/8824487/7657634_orig.jpg 118 kph – 184 kph 89 kph – 117 kph 185 kph above
- 61. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Deadliest Philippine Typhoon Rank Storm Season Fatalities 1 Haiphong 1881 20,000 2 Yolanda 2013 6,300 3 Uring 1991 5,101 – 8,000 4 Sendong 2011 2,546 5 Pablo 2012 1,901 6 Angela 1867 1,800 7 Winnie 2004 1,593 Typhoon Yolanda https://movementgeneration.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/TyphoonHaiyan.jpg
- 62. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Most Destructive Philippine Typhoon Ran k Storm Season Damage 1 Yolanda 2013 ₱95.5 billion 2 Pablo 2012 ₱43.2 billion 3 Glenda 2014 ₱38.6 billion 4 Ompong 2018 ₱33.9 billion 5 Pepeng 2009 ₱27.3 billion 6 Ulysses 2020 ₱20.2 billion 7 Rolly 2020 ₱20 billion Typhoon Pablo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5161ee49e4b058e82d891d4c/1371249050271-G4CAII5F2XWTTV7TLZA1/_MG_7972_2012_Edit-Edit.jpg?format=1500w
- 63. DELA PAZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Do the Learning Task 1 on page 25. https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/hurricane-icegif-3.gif
- 64. 64 Learning Task 1: Analyze and give an interpretation about each picture below. Write your answers in your answer sheet. Homebased Activity!
- 65. Learning Task 2: Study and answer the questions below. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. 65 Homebased Activity! 1.What are the different typhoon categories and their relationship to their speed and extent of damage? 2.When do you consider that a typhoon will enter or affect the country?
- 66. Try to plot the following coordinate points 66 Homebased Activity! Learning Task 3:
- 67. Guide Questions: 1.What are the places located in the identified points? 2.If a typhoon is located at 15°N, 138°E, is it within the PAR? 3. How about if the typhoon is at 19°N, 117° E, is it inside the 4. Why do you think Philippines experience an average of 20 to 25 typhoons a year? Explain your answer.
- 69. Homebased Activity! Guide Questions 1. Where did the tropical cyclone form? On land or in the ocean? 2. What can you tell about the track of the typhoon in 2003-2004? 3. In what direction did the tropical cyclone move? 4. Which part of the Philippines was hit by the four tropical cyclones? 5. In the case of Agaton, Yoyong, and Huaning, where did they die out? Near land or in the middle of the ocean?
- 70. Learning Task 5: Give the precautionary measures before, during and after the typhoon by filling the three columns. Do this in your answer sheet. 70
- 71. 71
- 72. Thank you for Listening! Thank You for Listening! 72
- 73. I hope that you learn a lot from our discussion. 73
Editor's Notes
- #15: How can you describe the one you saw in the video? What do you call that kind of natural phenomenon?
- #17: Layers of atmosphere are not visible to the naked eye.
- #19: The word tropical cyclone is composed of 2 distinct words that completely describe its characteristic.
- #20: The tropical cyclone has different names in various parts of the world where it specifically developed.
- #24: Though a tropical cyclone is known in different names, it has a uniform procedure of how it is formed and developed. Among other tropical cyclones, we often heard the word typhoon and hurricane in the weather reports. Here in the Philippines, we use typhoon or “bagyo”. Read after the word INLAND. The intensity of tropical cyclones vary, thus , we can classify them based upon their degree of intensity.
- #28: The Coriolis Effect causes any body that moves on a rotating planet to turn to the right (clockwise) in the northern hemisphere and to the left (counterclockwise) in the southern hemisphere. The effect is negligible at the equator and increases both north and south toward the poles. The Coriolis Effect occurs because the Earth rotates out from under all moving bodies like water, air, and even airplanes. Note that the Coriolis effect depends on the initial direction of motion and not on the compass direction.
- #29: However, these conditions do not guarantee that a tropical cyclone will always form due to some factors that may affect its requirements and weaken its development. The tropical cyclones are classified according to the strength of their wind. The classification is done based on the maximum sustained wind speed near the center.
- #34: source: meaning of storm https://www.lexico.com/definition/storm
- #45: The most dangerous and destructive part of a tropical cyclone is the eyewall. Here winds are strongest, rainfall is heaviest, and deep convective clouds rise from close to Earth's surface to a height of 15,000 meters. The eye is a region of mostly calm weather found at the centre of strong tropical cyclones. The eye of a storm is usually circular and typically 25–40 miles (40–65 km) in diameter.
- #48: Yearly, we experienced at least 20 typhoons. It is an evident that the Philippines is the most exposed country to tropical cyclones. The Philippines is an archipelago consisting of 7,107 islands, surrounded by warm waters from the Pacific Ocean, which is suitable for the development of low pressure system that leads to typhoons. Similarly, the distance from the EQUATOR is the best site for the CORIOLIS EFFECT, an apparent force that spins the cyclone. The Philippines is an island country. More specifically, the Philippines is an archipelago that is also considered a nation. As part of Southeast Asia, the Philippines is made up of approximately 7,641 separate islands. To make the situation less overwhelming, the Philippines has been divided up into three divisions. All of these islands fall into one of the three divisions, based on their particular location. Philippines is above the equator and part of the northern hemisphere.
- #49: The Philippines is near the equator having a warmer air able to develop typhoon. The Philippines is situated at the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Philippines is near the equator which the strong wind such ITCZ from northern and southern hemisphere pass through that carry warm air and cold air.
- #64: 1. Effects and of typhoon and how large the damages to our environment. 2. Typhoon/tropical cyclone enters the PAR and the direction is headed to North. 3. The formation of typhoon (typhoon starts as tropical thunderstorm, the strong wind pull the moisture from the oceans. The teacher will ask the students to suggest ways on how we can prepare before the typhoon comes so that damage to properties and loss of lives could be at minimal.
- #65: Learning Task 2: 1. The different tropical cyclones/typhoons categories are tropical depression with wind speed of between 35 to 64 kph, Tropical storm with wind speed is between 65 to 118 kph, the typhoon with wind speed is less from 119 to 200kph and the super typhoon with wind speed of greater than 200 khp. 2. When the typhoons enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility.
- #66: Learning Task 3: Using the Map of the Philippines and its vicinity, plot the given points on the map. Connect the plotted points. The region within is the Philippine Area of Responsibility or PAR. It is the job of PAGASA to monitor all tropical cyclones that enter this area.
- #67: The places located in the identified points are is the Philippines itself. The points create the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Yes, it is within PAR, because the limit is in 25 degrees North and 135 degrees East. No, it is already outside of Philippine Area of Responsibility. The Philippine experiences an average of 20 to 25 typhoons per year because it is located directly on the path of the typhoon. The reason why so many typhoons form in the Pacific is because of its warm waters, suitable for the generation of typhoons. One of the deadliest typhoons to hit the Philippines was Yolanda or Haiyan in the international scene. This typhoon struck the Visayas and killed more than 10,000 people.
- #69: 1. Tropical cyclones are like giant engines that use warm, moist air as fuel. That is why they form only over warm ocean waters near the equator. The warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the surface. 2.It's always going on LUZON and the end of thyphoon is in china. 3.Hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones are all rotating storms spawned in the tropics. As a group, they can be referred to as tropical cyclones. Because of the Coriolis effect, these storms rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
- #71: 1.A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D