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Graphene and its applications in electrical devices(batteries ,
- 1. Graphene and itsapplications in electrical devices (batteries and supercapacitors) Presented by- Mohd Abuzar (76) Asnal Nadeem Usmani (62) Faris Khan (74)
- 2. Contents •Introduction •Salient features ofgraphene •Applications •Graphene batteries •Graphene supercapacitors •Future research and development •Major challenges •Future scopes •References
- 3. What is graphene? •Grapheneis an one atom thick, single layer of graphite; bonded together in a repeating pattern of hexagons •It acts as a semiconductor •Strongest material exist (stiffer than diamond) •Known as ‘wonder material’ of 21st century
- 4. Salient features •2D crystallinestretchable material,flexible •Tensile strength 200 times than steel •High current density •Highest intrinsic mobility (100 times of Si) •Best conductor of electricity.
- 5. Applications • Energy storagedevice : • Due to the extremely high surface area to mass ratio of graphene , one potential application is in the Conductive plates of superconductors. • It could be used to produce supercapacitors with a greater energy storage density. •Integrated circuits: • It has high carrier mobility, allowing it to be used as the channel in a field effect transistor • Graphene based integrated circuit handled frequencies upto 10 GHz.
- 6. Continued… • Graphene basedsolar panels : • Graphene is used for photoelectrochemical energy conversion in solar cells. • The transparent, conductive, and ultrathin graphene films are fabricated from exfoliated graphite oxide. • The obtained films exhibit a high conductivity of 550 S/cm and a transparency of more than 70% over 1000-3000 nm.
- 7. Continued… • Heat dissipationto cool electronic devices: • Overheating in laptops & other electronic gadgets is a major technological hurdle to the speed and energy efficiency of electronic products. • Graphene behaves as a strong heat conductor, which helps IC manufacturers to reach higher speeds with lower temperature.
- 8. Graphene based batteries •SAITdevelop graphene ball a unique material that enables 45% increase in the capacity of the battery and five times faster charging speed. •In theory, a battery based on the “graphene ball” material requires only 12 minutes to fully charge •Additionally the battery can maintain a highly stable 60°c and as a low -30°c temperature, with stable battery temperature particularly key for electric vehicle
- 9. Graphene battery marketsegment •By commercial Li-ion Super capacitor Lea-acid • By industry Automotive Electronics Industrial robotics Health care
- 10. Graphene based Supercapacitor The use of graphene in this area, though, presents exciting new possibilities for energy storage, with high charge and discharge rates and even economical affordability. Graphene-improved performance thereby blurs the conventional line of distinction between supercapacitors and batteries.
- 11. Potential application •It canused as a rechargeable batteries, as its high energy capacity and charge rate makes it very desirable. • in supercapacitors because it has high conductivity, is electrochemically stable, has open porosity, and higher surface area. • it is extremely thin and lightweight, it can be made into a paper. • Graphene can also be used to make solar panels
- 12. Pros • its highsurface area of up to 2600 m2 g-1 and high porosity • it is extremely lightweight and strong which allows it to be easily transported. • it is a potent conductor of electrical and thermal energy, which makes it a great material to store energy. •it has other properties that are ideal for new battery features, such as its flexibility and high- charging capability.
- 13. cons • no massproduction techniques of high-quality batteries at this time •The cost of production ranges from tens to thousands of dollars per kilogram, • the thickness of graphene-based materials is generally limited to micrometers, •they generally show very high first cycle loss at 50%-60%, • low cycling efficiencies at 95%-98%, and poor capacity retention at high current densities.
- 14. Further Research &Development • mass production techniques remain a high priority of research • composite materials are probably the most practical application prospect for graphene •Researchers have demonstrated that combining small amounts of graphene with polymers can yield tough, lightweight materials that conduct electricity. •Graphene will likely be a crucial material in the future of electronics and large- scale energy storage.
- 15. Major challenges • Limitedproduction volume: The volume production for each of those methods stays low. One of the biggest challenges of the graphene industry will be to reach volume production in the next 2-5 years. •Cost: Cost, of course, is an important factor in itself. In the past two years, the price of sheet graphene has dropped to a third, while the price of powdered (including liquid) graphene went down to a quarter of its starting price. Still, the initial material cost is high. •Other factors that may slow the adoption of graphene are resistance by current technologies, as health and safety regulations are not clearly laid out yet, and this is something that the industry will have to take care of.
- 16. Future scopes ofGraphene •Flexible Touchscreens: In the future, touchscreens will move from glass to graphene which will make them effectively unbreakable and flexible. As Graphene is flexible and stretchable crystalline material, It is used for developing revolutionary flexible display screens.
- 17. Continued… •Higher capacity lightweighted batteries: Graphene based batteries are much light weighted as compared to conventional lead acid batteries .
- 18. Conclusion •Graphene (GR)/graphene oxide(GO) based polymer nanocomposites are an exciting field of research today. These wonderful materials have shown diverse range of applications in areas such as energy storage, optoelectronics, sensors, solar cells, biomedical and many others. •And if we use Graphene in the electronics and its different area then it is very helpful for reducing the size of electronics equipment and its weight also. Main advantage is that it is the form of Carbon, so it is cheaper as compared to other metals.
- 19. References : •https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=4565 •Kim, H.et al. Novel transition-metal-free cathode for high energy and power rechargeable batteries. Nano Energy 4, 97–104 (2014) •Zhang, F. et al. A high-performance supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage device based on graphene-enhanced electrode materials with ultrahigh energy density. Energy & Environ. Sci. 6, 1623–1632 (2013) •Lee, J., Shin, W., Lim, S., Kim, B. & Choi, J. Modified graphite and graphene electrodes for high- performance lithium ion hybrid capacitors. Mater. Renew. Sustain. Energy 3, 1–8 (2014)
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