Hichliffe "A Standard Terminology for Peer Review"
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This presentation was provided by Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe of the School of Information Sciences at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign as part of the NISO Standards Update. The session was held during the ALA Annual Conference in Philadelphia on June 29, 2025.
![A STANDARD TERMINOLOGY FOR PEER REVIEW
What is the problem that we are solving?
● Peer-review is a hallmark of academic publishing - yet it’s not a
singular approach and misconceptions or unclarity about what it
is (and isn’t) can lead to confusion and erosion of trust.
● In recent decades, a significant number of new peer review
models have been introduced (most notably for open review),
but they have not been accompanied by the development of a
clear and consistent nomenclature.
● Increased call for more openness and transparency in scholarly
communication, including peer review, in order to maintain
trust in the scholarly ecosystem
“Recognising the absence of a consensus
view on what open peer review is, this
article undertakes a systematic review of
definitions of “open peer review” or “open
review”, to create a corpus of 122
definitions. These definitions are
systematically analysed to build a coherent
typology of the various innovations in peer
review signified by the term, and hence
provide the precise technical definition
currently lacking.”
Source: Ross-Hellauer T. What is open peer review? A
systematic review [version 2; peer review: 4
approved]. F1000Research 2017, 6:588 (
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11369.2)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25-0629hichliffeala2025prt-250715153302-8633082d/85/Hichliffe-A-Standard-Terminology-for-Peer-Review-1-320.jpg)
Hichliffe "A Standard Terminology for Peer Review"
- 1. A STANDARD TERMINOLOGY FOR PEER REVIEW What is the problem that we are solving? ● Peer-review is a hallmark of academic publishing - yet it’s not a singular approach and misconceptions or unclarity about what it is (and isn’t) can lead to confusion and erosion of trust. ● In recent decades, a significant number of new peer review models have been introduced (most notably for open review), but they have not been accompanied by the development of a clear and consistent nomenclature. ● Increased call for more openness and transparency in scholarly communication, including peer review, in order to maintain trust in the scholarly ecosystem “Recognising the absence of a consensus view on what open peer review is, this article undertakes a systematic review of definitions of “open peer review” or “open review”, to create a corpus of 122 definitions. These definitions are systematically analysed to build a coherent typology of the various innovations in peer review signified by the term, and hence provide the precise technical definition currently lacking.” Source: Ross-Hellauer T. What is open peer review? A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 4 approved]. F1000Research 2017, 6:588 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11369.2)
- 2. A STANDARD TERMINOLOGY FOR PEER REVIEW 2019: An STM Working Group was formed to harmonize and create improved definitions of discrete elements of the peer-review process 2021: NISO took up standardization at the same time as a pilot program was underway at several publishers. 2023: Launched as formal ANSI/NISO standard Z39.106-2023
- 3. A STANDARD TERMINOLOGY FOR PEER REVIEW What is the solution? https://peerreviewterminology.niso.org/
- 11. A STANDARD TERMINOLOGY FOR PEER REVIEW What do I do with this? ● Internalize the terminology and use it whenever discussing peer review models! ● Publishers are encouraged to implement the terminology in all communication about journal peer-review practices, and report progress. ● Librarians and other educators are encouraged to use this terminology in training materials and instruction sessions. ● Universities, funders, etc. are encouraged to use the terminology in describing assessment and evaluation processes. ● More info: https://peerreviewterminology.niso.org/
- 12. A STANDARD TERMINOLOGY FOR PEER REVIEW Contact [email protected] if you want to learn more about the terminology or direction on how to get started. https:// peerreviewterminology.niso.org/