Hindu temple architecture 1,
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The document provides information on Hindu temple architecture and its evolution. It discusses key architectural features of temples like the vimana, shikhara, garbhagriha, and mandapas. Specific temples are also summarized, including the Lingaraj Temple in Bhubaneswar known for its towering vimana, the Sun Temple in Modhera with its unique alignment and architectural elements, and the Kandariya Mahadev Temple in Khajuraho with its tall, conical roof structures. The document then covers the Dravidian style of temple architecture prominent in South India, including the rock-cut and structural phases of early Pallava temples and features like rathas at Mamallapuram.
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Hindu temple architecture 1,
- 1. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE PRESENTED BY: SMIT PANCHAL HARESH PRAJAPATI SARYU A. PATEL
- 2. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE The principal architectural features of the temple are as follows: 1. The sanctuary is known as “VIMANA” 2. Upper tapering portion of VIMANA is called the “SHIHARA” – the shrine. 3. Inside the VIMANA there is a small chamber which is called “GARBHAGRIHA.” This is entered by a doorway from its inner eastern side. 4. In the front of the doorway there is a pillared hall called “SABHAMANDAPA.” This mandapa is a place for worshipers. 5. Later on uniting the two buildings became the custom; in such a way that an intermediate chamber was formed vestibule which is known as “ANTARALA.”
- 3. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE 6. There is a porch in front of the main hall mandapa, which is called “ARDHA MANDAPA.” 7. Generally there were a transept on each side of this central hall known as “MAHA MANDAPA.” 8. Most of these temples have a processional passage i.e. an enclosed corridar around the garbha griha known as “PRADAKSHINA PATHA.”
- 4. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR The temple had originally only two apartments, the Deul and Jaga – Mohan, and the Nat – Mandir and Bhog Mandir are added probably a century later, all enclosing in a court-yard measuring 142 M x 158 M. The entrance is flanked by two large stone statues of lions. The most attractive feature of this temple is the great tower of the Deul or sri Mandir richly built entirely of stone. Its base measures 17 M side but due to projecting faces it is not square. The ‘bada’ ot lower storey is vertical one third of its height and above, it has parabolic curve rising to a height of 38 M from the ground. The outer surface is exuberantly carved with god, goddesses, nymphs. A Shiva Linga 3 M high and 2.5 M in diameter is installed in Grabhgriha. The Shiva Linga is said to have emerged from the earth here and hence it is called Bhuvaneshwar.
- 5. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR The Jagamohan is 22 m long and 17 m wide, with its lower story ‘bada’ rising to a height of 10 m and its ‘pida’ a pyramidal tower attaining a height of 30 m from the ground. The nat-mandir and bhog-mandir are of smaller dimensions but are of the same style.
- 6. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR
- 7. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA Situated on the bank of the river pushpavati, 25 km from mehsana and 102 km from Ahmedabad. The temple comprises of three separate, axially aligned and integrated elements. That are: SURYA KUND SABHA MANDAP GUDA MANDAP
- 8. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA SURYA KUND This Surya kund, also known as Ramakund, is a large rectangular stepped tank measuring 53.6 X 36.6 Mts under the east face of Sabhamandap used to store pure water. SABHA MANDAP This hall of religious gatherings is a magnificent pillared hall. It is open from all sides and has 52 intricately carved pillars representing 52 weeks in a year. The carvings depict episods from the Hindu epics of Ramayan, Mahabharat and Krishna Lila. GUDA MANDAP This is called the main temple or the sanctum sanctorum. Lotuses open with sunrise and close itself with sunset and is considered to be the sun’s flower. It was designed so that the rays of the rising and setting sun on the day fell on the bejewelled pure gold idol of sun.
- 9. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA
- 10. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE, KHAJURAHO Located in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. The temple was built around 1050 on hindu beliefs dating back 1000 BC. The temple built by king Dhanga is 33 m long ad 18 m wide and rises to a height of 35.5 m. it stands on a high platform and has only one entrance to east with high flights of steps. The porch opens to the rectangular portico or ‘ARDHA – MANDAPA’ followed by a main hall or ‘MAHA – MANDAPA’, a vestibule or ‘ANTRALA’ and finally the ‘GARBHA – GRIHA’ with conical roofs rising from lowest to the highest over the cella.
- 11. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE, KHAJURAHO
- 12. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE PALLAVA DYNASTY (600AD TO 900 AD) ROCK CUT (1ST PHASE) 1. Mahendra group (610 AD to 640 AD) Pillared halls (mandapas) 2. Mamalla Group (640 AD to 690 AD) Mandapas and Rathas (Monolithic temples) DRAVIDIAN STYLE The building art developing in southern india has been referred as the Dravidian style. It has been divided into five periods, corresponding to the five principal kingdoms which ruled in the south of india. 1. Pallava (600 AD to 900 AD) 2. Chola (900 AD to 1150 AD) 3. Pandya (1100 AD to 1250 AD) 4. Vijayanagar (1350 AD to 1565 AD) 5. Madura (Upto 1600 AD) STRUCTURAL (2ND PHASE) 1. Rajasimha group (690 AD to 800 AD) Temples 2. Nandivarman Group (800 AD to 900 AD) Temples
- 13. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE ROCK CUT ARCHITECTURE of the first phase has two forms: MANDAPAS – A Mandapa is an excavation. It is an open pavilion and as excavated in the rock, takes the shape of a simple columned hall with one or more cellas in the back wall. Each rock cut mandapa consists of a pillared hall serving as a kind of portico to one or more cellas deeply recessed in the interior wall. The exterior presents a faced formed of a raw of pillars, each pillar averaging seven feet in height with a diameter of two feet. The mandapas are of the same simple plan, but it is in the design of the façade, specially in the elaboration of the pillars.
- 14. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE RATHA – A Ratha is a monolith (free standing) temple and in reality it is a chariot provided by the temple authorities to transport the image of the deity during processions. All example of this group are found on one side i.e. the town of mamallapuram, which is about 32 miles south of Madras. These rathas are widely known as “SEVEN Pagodas” these rathas are measuring 42’ long 35’ wide and the tallest is 45’ height.
- 16. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE These 7 rathas are placed together so look like one group. DRAVIDIAN STYLE Basically there are eight rathas: DRAUPADI’S RATH is a smallest of the all. It is also the simplest and the most finished. Its base is supported by animals figures. These animals are a lion and elephant alternatively placed. The other seven rathas are of the vihara or monastery style. These are square in plan and pyramidal in elevation varying in size and in there details but all treated in the same architectural manner. The location of these rathas are: NORTH WEST : Valaiyankuttai, Pidari SOUTH : Draupadi, Arjuna, Bhima, Dharmaraja, Sahadeva NORTH : Ganesh
- 17. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE The VIHARA RATHAS have been evolves out of a building composed of cells arranged around a square courtyard, the inner court being afterwards covered in with a flat roof on pillars. As the number of monks occupying them increased, one more storey was added on Rathas. Then the whole structure was finished off with a domical roof. The transformation of a Buddhist monastery of a Vihara into a Hindu Shrine is best indicated in the largest of these Rathas known as the Ratha of Dharmaraja. In the elevation there are two parts: 1. A square portion with pillared Verandah below. 2. The Sikhara formed of the converted cells above.
- 18. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE LINGRAJ TEMPLE, BHUBANESHWAR SUN TEMPLE, MODHERA KANDARIA MAHADEV TEMPLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE The Rathas of bhima, Sahadeva and Ganesh are based on various types of Chaitya hall or Buddhist temple. They are oblong in plan and rise up into two or more stories and each of them has a barrel roof with a Chaitya gable end. The Ratha of Sahdeva is Apsidal. Bhima’s ratha is more similar to a Chaitya hall has two stories with the upper storey displaying a barrel roof with the gable at one end. The remaining rathas are combination of rathas of sahdev and bhima. The only difference is in the entrance which has a pillared portico on its long side. These rathas were prototypes of temples from which evolve an important later development based on the oblong plan, diminishing stories and the barrel roof with gable ends.
- 19. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE SUN TEMPLE, KONARK
- 20. HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE KAILASH TEMPLE, ELLORA
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