HISTORY: Etruscan Architecture 1.0
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The Etruscan civilization was a powerful and refined society in ancient Italy, characterized by a theocratic government and advanced cultural practices. Women in Etruscan society enjoyed rights similar to modern standards, and their belief system included polytheistic deities and a strong emphasis on the afterlife. Etruscan architecture is noted for its elaborate tombs and the use of the Tuscan order in temple design.
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HISTORY: Etruscan Architecture 1.0
- 1. B Y: PAT R I C K PA L O M A R E S ETRUSCAN ARCHITECTURE
- 2. ETRUSCANS • Who are the Etruscans?
- 3. ETRUSCANS • The Etruscan civilization is a powerful, wealthy and refined civilization of ancient Italy.
- 4. ETRUSCANS • The ancient Romans referred to the Etruscans as the Tusci or Etrusci
- 5. LOCATION • Found roughly around western Umbria, and northern Lazio in Italy
- 6. CLIMATE • has cool, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. • The coast and valleys tend to have hotter summers than the hills or mountains although the coast benefits from breezes off the sea for cooler temperatures.
- 10. ETRUSCAN CULTURE GOVERNMENT • The Etruscan state government was essentially a theocracy. The government was viewed as being a central authority, ruling over all tribal and clan organizations. • It retained the power of life and death; in fact, the gorgon, an ancient symbol of that power, appears as a motif in Etruscan decoration. (gorgon picture)
- 11. ETRUSCAN CULTURE FAMILY • Evidence shows that families were interred there over long periods, marking the growth of the aristocratic family as a fixed institution • The Etruscans were a monogamous society that emphasized pairing. (Pen + Pineapple)
- 12. ETRUSCAN CULTURE WOMEN • Etruscan Women's rights were very much like modern women's rights. They were given actual names. They raised their own children. They knew how to read and write and could sit in the same table as their husband. Etruscan women were frowned upon by other civilizations
- 14. • The Etruscan system of belief was an immanent polytheism; that is, all visible phenomena were considered to be manifestations of divine power • Power was embodied in deities who acted continually on the world but could be dissuaded or persuaded by mortal men.
- 15. CATHA (GODDESS OF THE MOON)
- 16. USIL (GOD OF THE SUN)
- 17. TURAN (GODDESS OF LOVE)
- 18. LARAN (GOD OF WAR)
- 19. ETRUSCAN MYTHOLOGY • The Etruscans believed their religion had been revealed to them by seers, the two main ones being: • Tages - a childlike figure born from tilled land who was immediately gifted with prescience • Vegoia - a female figure.
- 20. TAGES AND VEGOIA
- 21. AFTERLIFE • The Etruscans shared general early Mediterranean beliefs, such as the Egyptian belief that survival and prosperity in the hereafter depend on the treatment of the deceased's remains.
- 22. AFTERLIFE • Etruscan tombs imitated domestic structures and were characterized by spacious chambers, wall paintings and grave furniture. • In the tomb, especially on the sarcophagus, was a representation of the deceased in his or her prime, often with a spouse.
- 23. TOMBS
- 24. TOMBS
- 26. TUSCAN ORDER • Tuscan order, the simplest of the five orders of Classical Roman architecture, which were codified in the Renaissance. • It resembles the Doric order but has a simpler base and an unadorned frieze.
- 27. TUSCAN ORDER
- 28. ETRUSCAN ARCHITECTURE • The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, which was on the Capitoline Hill in Rome, is among the best known Tuscan style temples.
- 29. THE TEMPLE OF JUPITER OPTIMUS MAXIMUS
- 30. VAULT ARCHITECTURE • Vault is an architectural term for an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or roof. • was used both by Etruscans and Romans.
- 31. VAULTS
- 32. VAULTS • The key element for building an arch is the solidity of its side walls which have to withstand the pressure discharged by the keystone through the voussoirs to the springers.
- 33. VAULTS
- 34. TOMBS AND TUMULI • Rich Etruscans left elaborate tombs, mostly gathered in large necropoli some way outside their cities. • These were generously filled with grave goods, especially ceramics, which give us most of our understanding of Etruscan culture
- 36. TOMBS AND TUMULI • the burial chamber was cut from solid rock below ground, which is relatively easy with this rock, but there was a structure above, often rather large. • In other regions they are normally built up above ground. • Others are round tumuli with stone retaining walls, with steps down to rock-cut chambers below.
- 37. TOMBS AND TUMULI
- 38. TOMBS AND TUMULI
- 39. TOMBS AND TUMULI
- 40. THANK YOU!