How to-write-action-research

How to Write
Action Research
JOEI T. ARQUERO
SHS Teacher III
Gonzaga NHS
Resource Speaker

DEPED REGION 02- SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAGAYAN
BASES OF DOING RESEARCH
DepEd Order No. 24, s, 2010 Basic Education Research Fund
DepEd Order No. 13, s. 2015 Policy Development Process
DepEd Order No. 43, s. 2015 / DepEd Order No. 4, s 2016-
Revised Basic Education Research Fund (BERF) Guidelines
DepEd Order No. 39, s 2016-Adoption of the Basic Education
Research Agenda
DepEd Order No. 16, s 2017-RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
GUIDELINES

HOW TO START AN
ACTION RESEARCH?

TITLE 10%
I. Rationale
A. Context 15%
B. Proposed Intervention 15%
II. Research Questions 30%
III.Research Methodology
A. Participant and other sources of data 10%
B. Data Gathering Methods 10%
C. Ethical Issues
D. Plan for Data Analysis 10%
IV. Work Plan 5%
V. Cost Estimate 5%
VI. Action Plan
References

What are the common problems
that you have encountered in your
classroom/office/
 List down at least five on the
sheet provided.
Time allotment: 3 minutes

Which among the problems you
have listed needs the most
urgency?
Time allotment: 2 minutes

Problem Sensing Chart
Direct Causes Problem Direct
Consequences
What are the
underlying causes of
the problem/s?
Identify the problem/s
in your classroom
/school/district that
you want to FOCUS on.
What are the
consequences of the
problem identified?
Consequences
Absence of Knowledge
Bearer / s
difficulty in coping
with missed lessons
Low academic
performance
(unanswered
modules)
EXAMPLE

Consequences

Objective Sensing Chart
Direct Causes/
Interventions
Objective Direct
Consequences
What interventions/
actions are you going
to implement ?
Now that the problem
is identified together
with the causes and
consequences, what is
now your objective?
If you will be able to
attain your objective,
what will be its
consequences?
Direct Causes/
Interventions
Objective Direct
Consequences
Use of electronic spelling
booklet
To improve the
spelling skills
Improved/Increased
academic performance
of the learners helping
them to read and spell
correctly
EXAMPLE

Direct Causes/
Interventions OBJECTIVES
Direct
Consequences

Use of PEP
(puzzle, Edmodo,
Punnet Blocks)
Activity # 5: KNOWING THE VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Improve Academic
Performance in
Genetic Concept

Activity # 5: KNOWING THE VARIABLES
Directions: Fill in the box with your independent and dependent variable. Time
allotment is 5 minutes.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Activity # 1: MY TITLE
Construct the
title of your
research for
four minutes.

What are the characteristics of a good
research title?
1. The dependent and independent
variable should be in the title.
(Intervention and the expected
outcome)
2. Indicate accurately the subject and
scope of the study.

research title?
3. Use of Acronyms is allowed to catch the
attention of the reader. An acronym is
considered as one word. In cases where
grade level is placed, use Hindu Arabic
Number (e.g. Grade 5)

research title?
4. Use words that promote positive connotation
(avoid the words “lack”)
5. Use of words: Maximum of 15 words excluding
the function words.
6. Title format: ALL CAPITAL LETTER. Not bold,
not underlined.

TITLE FORMULATION
Independent
Variable
Dependent
Variable
Learner’s
Spelling Skills (
academic
performance)

TITLE FORMULATION
D’BEST IN IMPROVINGTHE SPELLING
SKILLS OF GRADE 5 LEARNERS OF
MAURA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
IMPROVINGTHE SPELLING SKILLS OF
GRADE 5 LEARNERS OF MAURA
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL through
D’BEST
1
OPTION
2
OPTION

I. Context and
Rationale

The nature,extent and salience of the
identified problem or issue are
comprehensively discussed. Different aspects
of the action research setting should be
elaborated showing in depth and critical
analysis of the situation. The context should
capture the real situation in the
classroom/office, that is based on the
reflection on the DLL.
Context and Rationale

Tips in writing
1.Begin with your OWN idea and not with a
quote or anything lifted or cited from
another author.
2. Cite at least two (2) Legal Bases as you
explain the rationale or the underlying
reason why you are conducting the research.
It can be a Republic Act, a DepEd Order or
Memorandum.

Tips in writing this part:
• Highlight the context (setting or background)
of your study, “what’s happening in your
school/classroom?” Use quantitative data like
the results of your Item Analysis or qualitative
data like preliminary interview, anecdotal
records or observations relative to your
research problem. You may present one (1)
table or graph of your Item Analysis.

I. Context and Rationale
Technology is widely used today by people and it
must be used to enhance students’ performance.
Students are skillful with the use of technology and
this had affected their daily routines. In classrooms,
teaching and learning process are aided with support
learning materials to further motivate the learners to
actively participate, hence improving the
performance of our learners. One of the widely used
technologies today by the millennial is the use of the
internet.

Tapscott and Williams (2017) in their study have shown how social
network applications can significantly improve student learning and
knowledge acquisition, enabling them mutual interaction,
cooperation, active participation, sharing resources and critical
thinking. Social network/media technology in this context include
Edmodo, Blog, Wiki, Facebook, Youtube, Twitter, online discussion
forum and others.
Deng and Tavares (2016) also concluded that “Web-based
discussions can contribute to the development of students’
reflective ability and critical thinking skills. Also, compared to face-
to-face (F2F) interaction, students are more willing to voice their
views or even disagreement and are more attuned to others’
opinions in online discussion.” A number of researchers have
outlined a number of student benefits in relation to education as a
result of social network participation.
(Blaschke, 2016), Social media technology provides educators with
an opportunity to engage learners in the online classroom, as well
as to support development of learner skills and competencies.

Chukwu, J. C., & Dike, J. W. (2019) in their study on the Effects of Jigsaw-puzzle
and Graphic Organizer Instructional Strategies on Biology Students’ Performance
concluded that the use of Jigsaw Puzzle and graphic organizer instructional
strategies in teaching have significant effect on the senior secondary school
students’ academic performance than lecture method in Growth as a concept in
Biology. The study therefore provided empirical evidence on the relative
efficacy of interactive and learner centered strategy in enhancing the
performance of students in Biology.
The researcher noted a pressing concern that most of his Grade 11-STEM
student’s exhibit problems on the biology, specifically in the concept of genetics.
Based on the quizzes of his students, and data gathered during LAC sessions, the
researcher noticed that they got low scores in their quizzes. Based on the
academic performance from the written diagnostic test on Concepts of genetics,
and it was revealed, based on the said diagnostic test that 67% or 57 out of 86
Grade 11 learners have a mastery level of below 75% when it comes to concepts
of genetics.
As such, the researcher wanted to ascertain online tutorials session through
Puzzles, Edmodo, and Punnet Square could be an effective tools for mastering
the concept of Genetics and with the use of puzzles and improvised Punnet
squares/blocks thereby making the learners more adept with Genetic concepts
and awareness as expected by the K to 12 curricula in Biology 1 and 2.

GUIDE FOR APPRAISING THE
CONTEXT & RATIONALE

CONSTRUCTING RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Time
allotment:
5 minutes

What are your research questions?
Identifies the problem/s which will be addressed by
the research in terms of investigating or testing an
idea; trying out solutions to a problem; creating a new
procedure or system; explaining a phenomenon; or a
combination of any of these. The research question(s)
logically proceeds from the context of the inquiry. It
clearly relates to the identified problem or issue and
conveys the desired change or improvement.

II. RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
This Action research determine the effect of
PEP’s in mastering the genetic concepts on monohybrid
cross and dihybrid cross among incoming Grade 11 STEM
students of Gonzaga National High School, S.Y. 2020-
2021.
The study answered the following specific questions:
What is the pretest and post-test mean scores of the
respondents after the use of the PEPs?
Is there a significant difference between the pretest and
post test score of the respondents after introducing the
PEPs?
What is the effect size of the intervention to the academic
performance of respondents on genetic concepts?

PROPOSED
 INTERVENTION
 INNOVATION
 STRATEGY
DEPED-REGION 02- SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAGAYAN

What is an
innovation/intervention/
strategy?

- ECQ/GMCQ situation
- Face to face instruction is
not allowed.

Tips in :
1. The TITLE OR NAME of the intervention should be
mentioned. There should be a detailed discussion on
WHAT, HOW, WHEN, WHERE, and WHO of the
intervention/action/solution.
2. The rationale, extent and limitation of the intervention,
innovation or strategy are explained in detail

3. Discuss the plausibility/possibility of the
intervention on “how” it can/it may address the
problem.
4. If there are Related Literatures or related studies
that would support the intervention, place it in a
brief paragraph.

The creation of Learning Resource
Management and Development System
(LRMDS ) give help to the teachers in
making some strategies in teaching that
will cater the needs of the learners.

Video clips downloaded from Youtube website
provide a venue for sharing videos among
people as well as a showcase for new and
experienced videographers. It has instructional
videos on every subject and is a destination for
anyone who wants to make a statement about
anything.

III.Proposed Innovation, Intervention, and Strategy
Intervention /Innovation/Strategy
• The Proponent used the triad interventions PEP, Puzzles, Edmodo and Punnet Blocks. Puzzles,
Punnets and Edmodo were combination of teaching and learning activities which enabled the
students improved learning of students. Edmodo has emerged as an innovative social
networking platform in the recent years. Social media has been shown to have a positive
impact towards learner hence making the process of teaching and learning more meaningful.
This was because social networking tools provided opportunities for students to find
information, collected their own material, communicated, and interacted towards each other.
• Puzzles challenged learners to use their critical thinking skills in solving problems or
situations related to monohybrid and di hybrid crosses by utilizing uploaded series of puzzle
activities related to the subject matter.
• Using the improvised punnet square/blocks helped them determine not just merely by the
graphical representation of the possible genotypes of an offspring arising from a cross or
breeding event rather, this will be a manipulative
• The Edmodo Application teaching-learning is an approach that utilized the World Wide Web
as a medium and support material in the delivery of the lessons. It was in this light that the
proponent would like to determine the effectiveness of the approach to enhance the active
participation and performance of the students in learning genetics concepts.
• The proponent introduced and incorporated Edmodo Application as a way to reach the
interest of every student under his subject in order to improve their academic performance.
• There were many studies that demonstrated and guide teachers on how to use social media
especially Edmodo Application for classroom teaching and learning purposes. If educators or
teachers planned appropriately as part of an educational project, it would be able to facilitate
and produce effectual and meaningful learning. .

b. Innovation
The innovation is a Digitized Booklet of Engaging Spelling Tool
(D’BEST). It is composed of words grouped according to vowel and
consonant sounds. This tool is in the form of an interactive power
point presentations for the pupils to manipulate.
The spelling pre-test and posttest is composed of one hundred
(100) words with the combination of vowels and consonants. The
respondents will be given choices with misspelled and correctly spelled
words. “Good job” remark will pop-up if the correctly spelled word will
be chosen and ‘try again” remark if not. The same words will be used
in the pre-test and post-test to find out the spelling progress of the
struggling Grade 5 learners respondents.
The digitized booklet is designed with encouraging and motivating
cheers with emoticons in each activity to catch the attention of the
learners.

b.Strategy
The researcher will administer the pre-test and posttest to the respondents
via online as it is noted that they have gadgets to use. Onsite or face to face in
a designated venue will be done to further validate the results with the strict
observance of proper health protocols. After administering the pre-test, the
researcher will utilize one hour to two hours every Friday to conduct the
remedial class at least 6-10 minutes per struggling learner utilizing the
remedial period as indicated in the class program from March to June 2021.
During every session, the participants will be given digitized activities at a
time from the intervention material to master the spelling, with the teacher
having the spelling with the learners, and let those who did not master the
given activity or did not attain a 75% mastery of the spelling words practice
spelling at home with parents’/guardians’ guidance. Each learner will undergo
with the activities mastering the first activity first before having the next
activity. For the post-test, they are expected to spell the same words given in
the pre-test.

PROPOSED INTERVENTION, INNOVATION, STRATEGY
Not presented 0
The action research proposal mentions an
intervention, innovation or strategy to be tried out to
address the problem or issue.
The proposal outlines when and where the
intervention, innovation or strategy will be undertaken,
and who will be involved. Activities to be undertaken
are stated.
The rationale, extent and limitation of the intervention,
innovation or strategy are explained in detail. Its
plausibility as a way to address the problem or issue is
given support.
8
12
15

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Participant and other sources of
data
B. Data Gathering Methods
C. Ethical Issues
D. Plan for Data Analysis

Details are provided about the target
participants (ex: number,
characteristics, sampling procedure, if
any) and/or other sources of data and
information. Clear rationale for their
inclusion in the study is given.
A. Participants and other Sources of Data

Sources of Data
The respondents of the study were the incoming
Grade 11 STEM strand students of school year 2020-
2021. The primary data in this study were the students’
scores in the pre-test and the post-test first session were
compared and tested for significant difference to
determine the effect size of the PEP’s as an approach in
teaching genetic concepts and skills of the incoming
Grade 11 students of Gonzaga National High School,
Gonzaga West District, Gonzaga, Cagayan.
The results of the SY 2019-2020 diagnostic test
and summative tests of the incoming Grade 11 students
were the secondary sources of data.

The proposal explains why the selected
gathering method(s) is suited to the
nature and purpose of the action
research. The data gathering method(s) is
aligned with the research questions(s).
Research instruments, if any, are
appropriate for obtaining the desired kind
of data/information.
B. Data Gathering Methods

B. Data gathering method
This research will use both pre-test
and post-test study by carrying out a
test on a single group before and after
an intervention is administered.

The ethical concerns in research should be discussed.
• Were the participants of your research informed
that they are going to be part of a research? If Yes,
how did you inform them?
• If the respondents are children, the parents should
also be informed that their children will be part of
your study.
• Did you use any literature? If yes, did you
acknowledge them properly?
C. Ethical Issues

C. Ethical issues
The conduct of the research will be acknowledged
and approved by DepEd officials. After the approval it
must be presented and explained to the respondents
and seek for parent consent if necessary. Authors of
books, journals, publications as well as websites and
from the internet which will be used as references in the
conduct of the study shall be properly acknowledged
and cited. Further confidentiality of the data/documents
that will be generated from the respondents’ written
work outputs, performance tasks and tests will be highly
ensured. All the data that will be collected will solely be
used for the purpose of the study.

The selected method of data analysis is
shown to be appropriate to the nature of
the data/information to be gathered and
for addressing the research question(s).
D. Plan for data analysis

D. Plan for data analysis
Mean and Standard Deviation will be used to
analyze the effect of the Proposed Intervention.
Paired Samples T-Test will be used to compare
results of the scores of the learners before (pre-test
scores) and after (post-test scores) the Proposed
intervention is implemented.
Eta-squared will be used to determine the effect
size of Proposed intervention to the performance of
Participant and be interpreted using the Cohen’s
guidelines.

IV. WORK PLAN
STRATEGY
PROG
RAM
ACTIVITI
ES
TASK
RESOURCES
TIMELI
NE
PHYSIC
AL
MATERI
AL
FINANC
IAL
PUNETT,
EDMODO
APPLICATI
ON,
PUZZLES
ONLIN
E
SESSIO
NS/DIS
CUS-
SIONS
Research
Proposal
Prepare
research
proposal
and
research
instrume
nts
Propon
ent
Bond
paper,
Ink,
Folder
P1,506.
00
August
2020-
Septe
mber
2020
Research
Approval
Seek
approval
to
impleme
nt Action
Research
Propon
ent,
School
Screeni
ng
Commit
Travel
Expens
es
P250.0
0
August
2020-
Septe
mber
2020

Activities Item Description Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total
Account
Implementation of
Action Reseach
Ink cartridge (black)
Ink cartridge
Bondpaper
Folder
Fastener
Compact disc
Transportation
2
4
4
20
20
3
Pc
Pc
Ream
Pc
Pc
Pc
₱950
₱1,200
₱175
₱7
₱2
₱30
₱1,900
₱4,800
₱700
₱140
₱40
₱90
₱1000
Analyze and interpret
results
Ballpen
Bondpaper
5
1
Pc
Ream
₱ 10
₱175
₱50
₱ 175
Submit the full blown
research to SDO and RO
Ink cartridge (black)
Ink cartridge
(colored)
Bondpaper
Folder
Fastener
Compact disc
Travel Expenses
1
1
1
5
5
1
Pc
Pc
Ream
Pc
Pc
Pc
₱950
₱1,200
₱175
₱7
₱2
₱30
₱950
₱1,200
₱175
₱35
₱10
₱30
₱1,000
TOTAL ₱12,259
V. COST ESTIMATES

Strategies Program Activities Task Resources Timeline
Physical Material Financial
Enhance
the
academic
performa
nce of
Grade III
pupils at
risk of San
Jose
Elementar
y School
through
MTB
Home
Modular
Activity
Research
develop
ment
Research
disseminati
on and
utilization
Conduct
Parent-
Teacher
conferenc
e
Dissemina
te and
utilize the
results of
the action
research
on the
MTB
Modular
activity
Proponent
Respondent
s
Parents
School Head
School
Research
Screening
Committee
Co-teachers
Ink
Bondpaper
₱3350
₱700
May 01-
June
30,2016
VI. ACTION PLAN

USE APA (AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION) STYLE

The COMPOUND EFFECT
The principle of reaping huge reward
From series of small, smart choices
Made consistently, over a long
Period of time”
-Darren Hardy-
The art of Living

How to-write-action-research

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