I.A. Richard On Four Kinds Of Meaning ? Sem 2
- 1. Name : Asari Bhavayang .M Roll no :-3 Enrollment No:-3069206420200002 Course:-M.A (English)Sem2 Subject:-Literary Theory & Criticism and Indian Aesthetics Topic:- I.A Richards on four kinds of meaning ? Teacher Name :- Dilip Barad sir Batch :- 2021-2023 Email :- [email protected] Department:- Department of English
- 2. ● He was born at Feb. 26, 1893, Sandbach, Cheshire, Eng and died at Sept. 7, 1979, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire. ● English critic, poet, and teacher who was highly influential in developing a new way of reading poetry that led to the New Criticism and that also influenced some forms of reader- response criticism. ● He wrote three of his most influential books: The Meaning of Meaning , a pioneer work on semantics; and Principles of Literary Criticism (1924) and Practical Criticism (1929). ● He was an English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician. I.A. Richards
- 3. Famous work ● The Meaning of Meaning ● The Principles of Literary Criticism ● The Practical Criticism ● Mencius on the Mind ● The Philosophy of Rhetoric ● Speculative Instruments ● Science and Poetry ● Coleridge on Imagination
- 4. I.A Richards’ Concept of Four Kinds of Meaning ● I.A Richards’ concept of four kinds of meaning has played a very significant role in New Criticism and modern tensional poetics. ● In his Practical Criticism (1929) suggests that there are several kinds of meanings and that the “total meaning” is a blend of contributory meanings which, are of different types. He identified four kinds of meaning or, the total meaning of a word depends upon four factors –Sense, Feeling, Tone and Intention.
- 5. 1. SENSE ● We speak to say something. When we listen, we expect others to say something. When speaking, we want to direct the attention of our listeners to something. We also want to excite some thoughts in our listeners. ● What speaker or author speaks is sense. The thing that the writer literally conveys is sense. Here, the speaker speaks to arouse the readers thought. The language is very straightforward which is descriptive. This language is not poetic. Words are used to direct the hearer’s attraction up on some state of affairs or to excite them.
- 6. 2. FEELING ● Feeling is writer’s emotional attitude towards the subject. It means writer’s attachment or detachment to the subject is feeling. It is an expression. The speaker or writer uses language to express his views. ● This very language is emotive, poetic and literary also. Here only, rhyme cannot make poetry to be a good, emotion is equally important. Especially in lyric poem, emotion plays vital role.
- 7. 3. TONE ● Tone refers to attitude of speaker towards his listener. There is a kind of relation between speaker and listener. Since speaker is aware of his relationship with language and with the listener, he changes the level of words as the level of audience changes. It means tone varies from listener to listene.
- 8. 4. INTENTION ● The intention may be conscious or unconscious. The speaker speaks for a purpose that modifies his speech. To understand the meaning, we must understand the motive. We can measure success only if we know the intention. ● Sometimes the purpose will be to state the thoughts of the author. Sometimes it will be to express his feelings about what he is thinking. It may also express his attitude to the listener.
- 9. CONCLUSION ● If we survey the uses of language as a whole, predominance of one function over the other may be found. A man writing a scientific treatise will put the ‘sense’ of what he has to say first. For a writer popularizing some of the results and hypotheses of science, the principles governing his language are not so simple; his intention will inevitably interfere with the other functions. In conversation, we get the clearest examples of the shifts of function, i.e. one function being taken over by another.
- 10. Reference :- ● Bhoyar, sumit. "The Four Kinds Of Meaning- I.A. Richards". Notes, 2021, https://art810943965.wordpress.com/2019/03/09/the-four- kinds-of-meaning-i-a-richards/. ● Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "I.A. Richards". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Feb. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/biography/I-A-Richards. Accessed 23 June 2021. ● "Four Kinds Of Meaning-I.A. Richards". Litcul.Com, 2021, https://litcul.com/article/four-kinds-of-meaning-ia-richards?c=39.