From classroom to boardroom (IBR 2014)
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The Grant Thornton International report discusses the ongoing challenges and progress of women in business, highlighting that only 24% of senior management roles are held by women, stagnating since 2007. It examines the importance of education in fostering female leadership, noting that while female enrollment in tertiary education has surpassed that of males, only 21% of graduates entering the workforce are women. The report suggests that improvements in gender diversity in business could enhance decision-making and economic growth, but significant barriers still exist including cultural biases and a lack of support for working mothers.
From classroom to boardroom (IBR 2014)
- 1. Women in business: from classroom to boardroom Grant Thornton International Business Report 2014
- 2. Women in business: the path to the boardroom Contents Foreword 4 Education 6 The workforce 8 Senior management 10 Roles 12 Industries 12 Quotas 13 Working mothers... and fathers 14
- 3. Women in business: the path to the boardroom Women in business today: fast facts 43% Russia 67% of businesses have no women gender split in senior management Germany in senior US as CFO US tertiary education proportion of senior management roles held by women globally Latin America 13% graduate intake are women 63% have a woman management 24% highest proportion of women in South Africa 29% have plans to hire more women (next 12 months) globally China Japan 9% lowest proportion of women in senior management globally 31% highest developed New Zealand economy proportion 5.1% of women in senior management Women in business: the path to the boardroom 3
- 4. Women in business: the path to the boardroom Foreword Just one in seven delegates at the annual World Economic Forum gathering was a woman this year. This statistic alone explains why the issue of women in businesses inspires so much passion and debate, emphasising that the path from the classroom to the boardroom is anything but straightforward. Ironically, attendees in Davos looked at the role improved gender balance can have on businesses’ bottom lines, highlighting the example of the car market in which women influence 85% of purchases worldwide. Involving women at all stages of the production process, from design, to engineering, to marketing, could help businesses create products and services that appeal to both genders. We have been tracking the proportion of women in senior management since 2004 and the research this year finds that the proportion of women in the most senior roles has stagnated at 24% the same as the result in 2012, 2009 and 2007. The question this raises is: what are the roadblocks on the path to senior management? This report starts by looking at education, an essential building block of any career. We find some positive news here, with female participation in education soaring in many economies over recent years, particularly emerging markets, which have traditionally lagged 4 Women in business: the path to the boardroom behind. In fact, we have now reached a point where there are more women studying in tertiary education than men, although whether the subjects they are studying prepare them appropriately for jobs in senior management is debatable. The figures gathered this year around the gender of graduates being hired by businesses add a further layer of complexity to this discussion; just 21% of the typical global graduate intake are women. The IBR surveys neither large corporates nor public sector organisations, both of which tend to hire more females at graduate level, but the results are nevertheless surprising. They suggest that mid-market businesses are closing themselves off to a huge swathe of potential workers – talent which numerous studies suggests would help them grow faster. The focus turns to what should be done. Support amongst businesses for quotas is steadily growing and regulation in Europe seems to be moving in that direction. Personally I have mixed feelings about quotas – if they shine a spotlight on the shortfall of women on boards then that is helpful, but we certainly do not want to get to a point where women are simply brought in to make up the numbers. I am more interested in what businesses can do to facilitate the path of women to the boardroom. Getting more graduates through the door would certainly be a good start, but very few businesses offer working mothers the childcare support that might help them better juggle home and work life. At Grant Thornton, we have developed the Women’s International Leadership Link, a programme to support and mentor women, but just one in ten businesses around the world have a similar programme. Perhaps this is something business leaders should consider if they want to benefit from the improved decision-making greater gender diversity can bring. Francesca Lagerberg Grant Thornton International Ltd Global leader - tax services
- 5. Women in business: the path to the boardroom From classroom to boardroom Girls enrolled in ...83% secondary educated high low education will be insufficiently since 1999 88% +9% 865 million women to enter income 92% income +50% 57% increase in Latin America and MENA female tertiary education since 1980 OECD a female CEO gender pay gap businesses have 17% 49% all people global G7 17% partners 32% BRIC average EU target for female directors intake of women senior roles in education workforce 21% average 40% 51% women in business graduate & social services global 24% 2007 senior roles 21% global workforce 32% women in global 24% 2014 held by women premium Grant Thornton 12% Proportion of wage ratio of women to men in tertiary education girls in primary education workforce by 2020 52% university 108:100 5.2 in sub-Saharan Africa Fertility rates 1.8 in OECD 45% business support for quotas +8% increase from 2013 40% no women in senior management 1-in-10 businesses run mentoring schemes for women 18% businesses offer childcare vouchers Women in business: the path to the boardroom 5
- 6. Women in business: the path to the boardroom Education According to UNICEF1, “Girls’ education is the single most powerful investment for development. When you educate a girl, you educate a nation. Investing in young girls can accelerate the fight against poverty, inequity and gender discrimination. An educated girl is more empowered, as she is likely to get a job and earn a higher wage, and her nation’s economy is likely to benefit as a result: one percentage point increase in female education raises the average level of GDP by 0.3 percentage points.” However, Booz Allen estimates that of the 865 million women due to enter the global economy by the end of this decade, just 17% will have received a sufficient education. Historically, for a variety of social and cultural reasons, female participation rates in education have been lower than that of their male counterparts. But a huge amount of progress has been made in recent years; even since the turn of the century, female participation in primary education has gone up globally 6 Women in business: the path to the boardroom from 79% to 88% by 2012 and is now approaching the rate for males (90%). This improvement has been driven by a 10pp rise since 1999 in developing economies to 87%. Over this time, the steepest rises (+21pp) have been observed in south and west Asia (88%) and in sub-Saharan Africa (75%). There has also been a marked increase in Arab States (+11pp to 84%). In all three regions however, the participation of males remains between two and five percentage points higher. Similar improvements in levels of participation in secondary education have been observed, albeit from a much lower base. In 1999, just 50% of girls carried 3.3 on with schooling after the age of eleven, rising to 61% by 2012. This compares to 64% of boys, up from 54% over the same period. Again, there is a huge disparity between developed and developing worlds: in higher income economies, 92% of girls are enrolled in secondary education, compared to just 57% of those in lower 1 UNICEF; Day of the Girl Child; 2013 Ratio of females to 100 males in tertiary education 38% 38% 51% 120 51% 100 46% 80 46% 60 24% 40 24% 20 47% 47% 1980 The importance of education to the progress of women down the path to senior management cannot be understated; it is an essential building block for all business leaders. Numerous empirical studies find education to be the single most important factor contributing to wage differentials around the world. -1% -1% 50% 37% 50% Change since 1980 17% 37% Women Men 17% Source: UNESCO 2013
- 7. Numerous empirical studies find education to be the single most important factor contributing to wage differentials around the world. been made across the developing world; in 1980, the female tertiary education participation ratio in China and India was less than 40 (for every 100 males), but has now climbed to 111 in China and 78 in India. And some of the fastest gains over this period were made in Latin America (+51pp) and the Middle East and North Africa (+50pp). Females in some of the least developed regions, notably subSaharan Africa (61) and south Asia (74), are much less likely to go to college or university than their peers in high income economies (126), but both regions have seen significant progress. Interestingly however, high female to male enrolment Ratio of female to male tertiary education enrollment (%) 120 China 100 Japan India 80 ratios – for example in North America (140) and the European Union (126) – do not translate into higher levels of women in senior management (see Senior management). “Girls’ education is the single most powerful investment for development. When you educate a girl, you educate a nation.” 60 UNICEF 40 2011 2005 2000 1995 1990 20 1985 income economies. However, developing countries have made significant progress; female participation in secondary education is up from just 42% in 1999, driven by huge rises in east Asia (+18pp), south and west Asia (+14pp) and Latin America (+12pp), although rates in sub-Saharan Africa remain very low at just over one in five. The impact of tertiary education achievement has arguably an even greater impact on the career paths of women. Across the OECD, the wage premium associated with gaining university-level qualifications is 52%; in other words, these graduates earn more than half as much again as their peers without degrees. Gender wage differentials will be discussed in the next section, but the positive news is that female enrolment in tertiary education has risen significantly over the past forty to fifty years. In fact, whereas there were 74 women for every 100 men enrolled into colleges and universities around the world in 1970, by 2011 female participation in tertiary education has actually risen to 108 women for every 100 men. Female empowerment and development go hand-in-hand and massive strides have 1980 % Women in business: the path to the boardroom Source: UNESCO 2013 Women in business: the path to the boardroom 7
- 8. Women in business: the path to the boardroom The workforce You would expect the graduate intake of businesses around the world to reflect this high level of women studying at universities and colleges. However 66% of businesses globally report that fewer than half of the graduates they employ are women, rising to three-quarters in southern Europe (75%) and Latin America (74%), where the ‘macho’ culture perhaps weighs on women entering the workforce. 8 Women in business: the path to the boardroom The fact that far fewer women enrol in subjects such as science and mathematics, which many businesses look for, is one contributing factor. Women are also more likely to take jobs in the public sector; indeed, looking at the IBR results by industry we find that women hold over half of senior roles in education and social services (51%), more than double the global average. However, this has clear drawbacks for the business world; talking about the role of gender equality in economic development, Professor Jeffrey Sachs, of Columbia University, says: “any economy only using half its human resources is bound to fall behind.” Empirical studies suggest that greater gender3.3 diversity correlates directly to higher sales, growth, returns on invested capital and equity. Indeed, data from the IBR reveals that the fastest-growing businesses have more women in senior roles (26%) compared with the global average (24%). What proportion of your workforce/graduate intake are women? Graduates Workforce 30 25 Percentage of businesses But even in societies regarded as more progressive, such as North America (59%) and the Nordic region (60%), well under half of graduate roles are taken by women. Overall, just 21% of graduate roles globally are awarded to women in an average year. Data from IBR 2013 tells us that 32% of employees globally are women, a proportion which varies very little between regions with Asia Pacific the highest at 35% and North America the lowest at 30%. However, comparing the graduate intake of women with their proportion of the total workforce provides some stark variations that elicit questions around equality of opportunity and the jobs women are doing. In Latin America there are 19% more women in the workforce compared with women entering as graduates; southern Europe (17%), Asia Pacific and eastern Europe (both 14%) are also above the global average (11%). The Nordics (2%) and North America (7%) have graduate intakes of women which most closely resemble their overall workforce. 20 15 10 5 0% 1-10% 11-25% 26-49% 51-75% Proportion of women Source: Grant Thornton IBR 2013/14 19% 17% 14% More than 75%
- 9. 15 Women in business: the path to the boardroom 10 5 A myriad of reasons could explain The upshot is that the pool of people these pay differentials. Type of occupation, fighting for the top jobs is weighted in experience, and skill all have an impact; favour expect three 26-49% 1-10% 51-75% More than 0% of men; you might 11-25% or Facebook COO, Sheryl Sandberg, thinks four men applying for senior management 75% women are less likely to ask for pay raises roles for every one woman. Research by and stretch assignments to facilitate a path the 30% Club suggests a man who starts to the top. One of the biggest drivers is work at a FTSE100 company is four women leaving the workforce to raise and a half times more likely to reach children, slowing their progress to the the boardroom. This resonates with 19% 17% 14% boardroom. But females who reach the Grant Thornton’s global workforce: pinnacle of the business world clearly 49% of our people are female, but this have levels of experience, skill and drive drops to just 17% of our partners Latin Southern Eastern comparable to male counterparts. There is also some disturbing data America Europe Europe Research2 also suggests that there is around pay differentials. Across the cultural bias surrounding a lack of OECD, the gender pay gap in average so-called ‘executive presence’ amongst full-time earnings is 17.3%; women aged women and that mothers have too many 35-44 with tertiary education on average competing demands to be thought of earn just 73% of what their male as the ‘ideal worker’ who are ‘always counterparts do. Even for people at the 14% 12% 11% there’ for their employer – the so-called very pinnacle of the corporate ladder, ‘motherhood tax’. huge gender wage gaps exist. Bloomberg What is clear, is that ability does not reported recently that the top female Asia Global explain gender pay gaps. Data collected executives at Standard & Poor’sEU 500 Pacific by the Financial Times suggests that on Index earned 18% less than their male average, by the age of 27, men earn 22% counterparts on average. This is partly explained by the paucity of female CEOs more than women with equivalent (20 out of 500) but even when they reach qualifications. And a study of almost the very top, compensation is not equal. 10,000 MBA students from across the Mary 8% was recently appointed CEO Barra world by Catalyst found that, even after 7% 2% of GM, becoming the first woman to lead controlling for a range of variables such as any global car maker, but recent analysis skill, parental status, aspiration, experience suggests she will earn less than half what and industry, males got better jobs with North ASEAN predecessor took home. Nordic her (male) starting salaries almost US$5,000 higher. America Difference between % of women in workforce and % of women graduates 2% Nordic 7% North America 8% ASEAN 11% Global 12% European Union 14% Asia Pacific 14% Eastern Europe 17% Southern Europe 19% Latin America Source: Grant Thornton IBR 2013/14 2 Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty? http://gender.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/motherhoodpenalty.pdf Women in business: the path to the boardroom 9
- 10. Women in business: the path to the boardroom Senior management For proponents of greater gender diversity in the leadership of businesses around the world, the results from our IBR 2014 report are a disappointment. The data shows that less than a quarter of senior management roles are held by women (24%). This is unchanged from 2013, and even from 2007, and suggests that the proportion of women in senior management has returned to its ‘natural level’ following the financial crisis during which women were disproportionately hit. Economies in eastern Europe (37%) and southeast Asia (35%) lead the way on women in leadership. Globally, Russia (43%) has the highest proportion of women in senior management, a figure that has held fairly stable since 2004, helped by a gender ratio that favours women by 6:5. Elsewhere in Eastern Europe, the Baltic states of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia (39%), Georgia, Armenia (both 35%) and Poland (34%) are all well above the global average. This can be traced back to the promotion of women in the former Soviet Union. The communist leaders promised ‘equal opportunity for all’, best demonstrated through the promotion of women in the rapidly expanding services sectors, such as health, education and accountancy. In east Asia, the relatively high proportions of women in senior management can be partly explained by the tendency for families to live with or near parents and grandparents which provides free, in-built childcare 10 Women in business: the path to the boardroom infrastructure, allowing mothers to go out and work. Women in Indonesia (41%), the Philippines (40%) and Thailand (38%) all seem to benefit from the support provided by their families. Women are also well-represented in the leadership of Chinese businesses (38%); similarly to Russia, the focus of socialism on equality may have a role to play here, as well as the one-child policy which lowered the childcare burden and rapid urbanisation (see next section). On the whole, developed countries tend to have lower proportions of women in senior management: across the G7, just 21% of senior roles are held by women, compared to 32% in the BRIC 3.3 economies. Again, there are many possible explanations for this but the development of the ‘nuclear family’ without the childcare infrastructure described above; lower career aspirations in the West compared to in emerging economies that are experiencing significant growth and cultural shifts that have spurred female ambition; and the higher proportion of family-owned and run businesses in emerging markets are amongst the most significant. Japan ranks bottom of the 45-economy survey, as it has done every year since 2004, with just 9% of senior roles held by women, barely changed from a decade ago (8%). Other patriarchal societies, such as India and the United Arab Emirates (both 14%) also rank in the bottom five, although the huge strides these economies have made in recent years in terms of tertiary education (see Education section) could boost the aspirations of a generation of young women, just as it seems to have done in China. Proportion of women in senior management globally 19% 24% 24% 20% 21% 24% 24% 2004* 2007 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 *did not include China or Brazil Source: Grant Thornton IBR 2014
- 11. Women in business: the path to the boardroom Perhaps more surprisingly, they are joined in the bottom five by two European countries: the Netherlands (10%) and Switzerland (13%). Europe (see Quotas), Germany, Denmark (both 14%), the UK (20%) and Spain (22%) also rank in the bottom ten countries for women in senior roles, with the EU average at just 23%. Some progress has been made at the EU-wide level since 2004 (17%), but European businesses are amongst the most likely globally to have no women at all in their senior teams (38%), led by Denmark (71%), Germany (67%) and Switzerland European businesses are amongst the most likely globally to have no women at all in their senior teams. And despite a great focus on increasing female participation on boards across Proportion of women in senior management (64%). This drops to 29% across North America, but both Canada (22%) and the United States (23%) have seen no significant increase in the number of women holding top jobs over the past decade. In Latin America, 40% of businesses have no women in senior management, but women in two of the continent’s fastest growing economies - Peru (35%) and Chile (30%) – hold relatively high 10% Netherlands 20% 39% Denmark Lithuania 14% 22% Germany Switzerland 35% 38% Georgia Thailand 14% UAE 38% China 9% Armenia 35% Spain 13% Russia Latvia 14% US 43% Estonia 41% UK 22% 37% proportions of top jobs. Brazil (22%) and Argentina (25%), despite both having female presidents, continue to lag behind. In Africa, where great strides have been made to increase female participation in politics, both Botswana (32%) and South Africa (26%) rank above the global average. 40% Japan Philippines 14% India 41% Indonesia Top ten Bottom ten Source: Grant Thornton IBR 2014 Women in business: the path to the boardroom 11
- 12. Women in business: the path to the boardroom 12% 11% 8% 7% 7% 4 Roles Industries More positive news comes from the proportion of women running businesses across the world, which has risen to close to 12% up from 10% last year and just 5% in 2012. The role of CFO remains more common for women (23%) – behind only HR Director (25%) - and while still relatively low, such positions appear to be important stretch roles which provide opportunity for greater exposure for women progressing towards the role of CEO, perhaps explaining the progress observed in recent years. Proportion of women in senior roles by industry 51% 37% 17% 16% 16% Mining & quarrying Agriculture 12% Energy 3% 3% 3% 3% 20% Transport 4% 4% 4% 4% 22% Construction & real easte 7% 7% 7% 7% 24% Manufacturing 7% 7% 7% 7% 27% Retail 8% 8% 8% 8% 29% Professional services 11% 11% 11% 11% Financial services 12% 12% 12% 12% Hospitality 23% 23% 23% 23% Education & social services 25% 25% 25% 25% 29% Healthcare Percentage of roles held by women Source: Grant Thornton IBR 2014 Human Resource Director 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 8% 8% 8% 8% 8% Chief Financial Officer (CFO) 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% Chief Executive Officer (CEO)/ Managing Director Chief Marketing Director (CMO) 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 51%51% 51% 51% Corporate Controller Sales Director Chief Operating Officer (COO) Partner Chief Information Officer (CIO) 37%37% Thornton IBR 2014 37% Grant 37% Source: 29%29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 27%27% 27% 27% 24%24% 24% 24% 22%22% 22% 22% 20%20% 20% 20% 12 Women in business: the path to the boardroom Businesses with strong links to the public sector are most likely to have women in their leadership teams. More than half of education & social services (51%) firms have women in senior management, while healthcare (29%) is also well above the global average. Businesses in services sectors such as hospitality (37%), financial services (29%) and professional services (27%) also have relatively higher proportions of women in senior roles. Women are more poorly represented in primary sector businesses such as mining (12%), agriculture and energy (both 16%).
- 13. Women in business: the path to the boardroom Quotas Introducing quotas to increase the number of women on boards is an idea that has gathered momentum over recent years, particularly in Europe. In November 2013, the European parliament voted by clear majority in favour of a proposed law on mandatory quotas on the number of women on boards. And a number of countries, including France, Spain, the UK and now, following September’s election, Germany, have brought in their own guidance for businesses around gender diversity. The paucity of women on boards around the world suggest that quotas may need to be introduced to produce the ‘step change’ required to get women on equal footing with men in terms of access to the most senior positions in companies. Indeed, the proportion of business leaders who support the idea of quotas has risen from 37% in 2013 to 45% this year, with support building in China, Europe and Latin America. Quotas can be controversial and some women themselves have been hesitant to be seen in a tokenistic light rather than for their individual talent. However attitudes are slowly shifting: Christine Lagarde, managing director of the IMF has admitted to resisting the idea of quotas all her professional career, but admitted at Davos that without targets there “was no way we were going to jump the right step.” The German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, has also previously resisted moves to introduce quotas, but her Social Democrat coalition partners have insisted on a target of 30% of non-executive board seats being filled by women from 2016. However, the data suggests that Germany, and others, have quite some way to go to achieve the EU aims. Across the EU, data from the European Commission suggests that 16% of board roles are held by women, ranging from around 11% in Italy, to 18% in Germany, 25% in France and 29% in Finland. In the UK, the proportion of women on FTSE 100 boards topped 20% for women for first time in 2013, although still below the government target of 25% by 2015, while just four of these companies have a female CEO. And the pattern is repeated across the developed world: just 16% of Australian ASX board members are women, rising slightly to 17% of those in the Fortune 500. Data from the IBR reveals that globally, just 17% are held by women, ranging from just 7% in the United Arab Emirates to 37% in Thailand. Support introduction of quotas for women on executive boards of large listed companies (% of businesses) Nordic 21% North America European Union Eastern Europe Global Southern Europe Southeast Asia Latin America Asia Pacific (excl. Japan) 30% 41% 43% 45% 46% 55% 68% 71% Source: Grant Thornton IBR 2014 Women in business: the path to the boardroom 13
- 14. Women in business: the path to the boardroom Working mothers... and fathers The rapid urbanisation experienced by many developing economies has had a sharp impact on fertility rates. In rural areas, children are important sources of farm labour and support for elderly relatives, but in urban areas children cost relatively more in terms of education, health and housing. China has experienced the largest internal migration in human history since 1978 with approximately 160m people moving from the countryside into the cities and the fertility rate has almost halved from 3.0 to 1.7 over this period. In South Asia, the fertility rate has dropped from 5.0 in 1980 to 2.6 today. The rate in sub-Saharan Africa remains high at 5.2, but this is down from 6.8 over the past 35 years. This compares to just 1.8 in OECD countries where levels of urbanisation are higher. However, given that of the 50 fastest growing cities in the world, 48 are found in the developing world, global fertility levels look set to fall futher. In theory, having fewer children alleviates childcare pressures, freeing up mothers to pursue their careers. Meanwhile urbanisation presents new opportunities and raises aspirations, leading to women choosing to have children later in life, further dampening fertility rates. However, the movement to cities also breaks down traditional models 14 Women in business: the path to the boardroom of extended families that provide in-built childcare infrastructure, enabling women to work full-time. This is one of the reasons why we do not see much lower fertility rates in the developed economies – 1.9 in North America, 1.6 in the EU and 1.4 in Japan – translate into higher levels of women in senior management. Clearly, one of the keys to attracting and retaining women in companies is supporting them through motherhood, allowing them the time and flexibility to work and raise children at the same time. While just 14% of businesses have specific plans to hire more women into their senior management teams over the next 12 months and just 11% run a specific programme to support/mentor women, businesses are running plenty of schemes ostensibly to support the career paths of 3.3 working mothers. Principally, 63% globally offer flexible working, although this is clearly not a panacea given the high penetration across Europe (79%) and North America (75%), and a further 51% offer the opportunity to buy extra holiday or take unpaid leave. But you would expect both of these to be offered to all employees as opposed to specifically for working mothers. Likewise, more than two in five businesses will reserve job roles of women on maternity leave for up to a year (44%), but this is required by law in many countries – the proportion drops to 19% beyond a year. One of the keys to attracting and retaining women in companies is supporting them through motherhood, allowing them the time and fexibility to work and raise children at the same time Just over a third of businesses try to keep women engaged by providing mentoring or coaching (38%) or access to continuing professional development during maternity leave (37%), but it is notable that schemes that would really help alleviate the burden of childcare are rare. Fewer than one in five businesses offer childcare vouchers/ support (18%); just 16% offer salary increases or other incentives that might make paying for childcare more financially viable; and just 6% offer onsite childcare facilities. The clear inference is that businesses could be doing a lot more to support working mothers. Of course it may be that time and resources would be better invested in changing cultural perceptions, particularly around the role of the father. The New York Times* reported recently that working mothers on Wall Street with stay-at-home spouses have increased ten-fold over the past 30 years. However, the reaction in Germany, a relatively liberal country in many regards, to the decision by Jörg Asmussen to leave the European Central Bank and take up a more junior position in the government in order to spend more time with his family shows there is still much work to be done to shift perceptions around the role of the father. *Wall Street Mothers, Stay-Home Fathers – New York Times, 2013
- 15. Women in business: the path to the boardroom It may be that time and resources would be better invested in changing cultural perceptions, particularly around the role of the father. Schemes offered to support the career paths of working mothers (% of respondents) 12 12 12 12 12 12 3 3 9 63% 3 9 63% 39 63% 9 63%51% 51%44% 63% 3 38% 37% 37% 37% 37% 37% 38% 38% 44% 37% 51% 44% 44% 38% 51% 38% 44% 12 51% 9 63% 3 12 6 51% 9 12 3 6 44% 38% 38% 37% 6 63% 6 6 51% 44% 12 9 63% 9 3 9 Flexible working (alternative times, 6 locations etc) 63% 3 51% 6 6 6 44% 51% Opportunity to buy extra holiday or take unpaid leave 37% 63% 3 51% 38% Reservation of job 38% 44% 6 roles of women on 9 maternity leave for up to a year 37% 44% 38% Mentoring/ Coaching 37% Access to continuing professional development 19% 19% 16% 16% 19% 19% 19% 29% 16% 16% 16%18% 6% 29% 29% 29% 29% 19% 18% 18% 18% 18% 16% 16%6% 16% 6% 6% 6% 19% 19% 29% 19% 18% 29% 29%19% 18% 18%16% 16% 29% 29% 18% 18% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% Paid maternity leave (beyond what is legally required) Reservation of job roles of women on maternity leave for more than a year Childcare vouchers/ support Salary rise or other incentives to return to work On-site childcare facilities Source: Grant Thornton IBR 2014 Women in business: the path to the boardroom 15
- 16. IBR 2014 methodology The Grant Thornton International Business Report (IBR) is the world’s leading mid-market business survey, interviewing approximately 3,300 senior executives every quarter in listed and privately-held businesses all over the world. Launched in 1992 in nine European countries, the report now surveys more than 12,500 businesses leaders in 45 economies on an annual basis, providing insights on the economic and commercial issues affecting companies globally. The data in this report are drawn from interviews with chief executive officers, managing directors, chairmen and other senior decision-makers from all industry sectors in mid-market businesses (defined as businesses with 100-499 employees in the UK or those with annual revenues of US$20million – US$2billion in the US). The data is drawn from approximately 6,700 interviews conducted between November 2013 and February 2014. Ama Marston, director of Marston Consulting, was employed as a specialist technical adviser on this report Dominic King Global research manager Grant Thornton International Ltd T +44 (0)20 7391 9537 E [email protected] Francesca Lagerberg Global leader – tax services Grant Thornton International Ltd T +44 (0)20 7728 3454 E [email protected] © 2014 Grant Thornton International Ltd. ‘Grant Thornton’ refers to the brand under which the Grant Thornton member firms provide assurance, tax and advisory services to their clients and/or refers to one or more member firms, as the context requires. Grant Thornton International Ltd (GTIL) and the member firms are not a worldwide partnership. GTIL and each member firm is a separate legal entity. Services are delivered by the member firms. GTIL does not provide services to clients. GTIL and its member firms are not agents of, and do not obligate, one another and are not liable for one another’s acts or omissions. www.gti.org www.internationalbusinessreport.com CA1402-03