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III Nitride Semiconductor Optoelectronics 1st Edition
Edition Zetian Mi And Chennupati Jagadish (Eds.)
Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Zetian Mi and Chennupati Jagadish (Eds.)
ISBN(s): 9780128097236, 012809723X
Edition: 1st Edition
File Details: PDF, 38.75 MB
Year: 2017
Language: english

SERIES EDITORS
CHENNUPATI JAGADISH
Distinguished Professor
Department of Electronic Materials Engineering
Research School of Physics and Engineering
Australian National University
Canberra, ACT2601, Australia
EICKE R. WEBER
Director
Fraunhofer-Institut
f€
ur Solare Energiesysteme ISE
Vorsitzender, Fraunhofer-Allianz Energie
Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110
Freiburg, Germany

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CONTRIBUTORS
S. Albert
ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Polit
ecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. (ch7)
T. Auzelle
Universit
e Grenoble Alpes, INAC-PHELIQS; CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, «Nanophysique et
semiconducteurs group», Grenoble, France. (ch6)
C. Bayram
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States. (ch12)
A.M. Bengoechea-Encabo
P. Bhattacharya
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. (ch11)
E. Calleja
L.J. Chen
National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. (ch10)
M.H. Crawford
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States. (ch1)
B. Daudin
Universit
e Grenoble Alpes, INAC-PHELIQS; CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, «Nanophysique et
semiconducteurs group», Grenoble, France. (ch6)
T. Detchprohm
Center for Compound Semiconductors, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States. (ch4)
A. Dobrinsky
Sensor Electronic Technology, Inc., Columbia, SC, United States. (ch2)
R.D. Dupuis
T. Frost
W. Guo
University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States. (ch11)
S. Gwo
National Tsing-Hua University; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
(NSRRC), Hsinchu, Taiwan. (ch10)
ix

A. Hazari
H. Hirayama
RIKEN, Quantum Optodevice Laboratory, Wako, Saitama, Japan. (ch3)
S. Jahangir
R. Jain
C.T. Kuo
K. Kusakabe
Center for SMART Green Innovation Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. (ch9)
X. Li
Electrical Engineering Program, Computer, Electrical, Mathematical Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi
Arabia. (ch4)
H.W. Lin
R. Liu
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States. (ch12)
M.Y. Lu
Y.J. Lu
Z. Mi
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. (ch5, 8)
M.Á. Sánchez-Garcı́a
T. Saxena
NXP Semiconductors, Tempe, AZ, United States. (ch2)
M. Shatalov
S.-C. Shen
M. Shur
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States. (ch2)
C.L. Wu
National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. (ch10)
x Contributors

P.D. Yoder
A. Yoshikawa
Center for SMART Green Innovation Research, Chiba University, Chiba; Graduate School
of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan. (ch9)
S. Zhao
McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. (ch5, 8)
xi
Contributors

PREFACE
III-nitride semiconductors have bandgaps that span a very large spectral range,
from deep ultraviolet (UV) (200 nm) to near infrared (1900 nm). Over
the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in GaN-based opto-
electronic devices, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers operating
in the blue and near-UV spectral range. The use of III-nitrides to realize high
efficiency LEDs and lasers operating in the deep UV, deep visible, and near-
IR spectral range, however, has remained very limited. The underlying causes
include the presence of large densities of defects and dislocations, due to the
lack of suitable lattice-matched substrates, and large polarization fields and the
resulting quantum-confined Start effect. Moreover, it has remained challeng-
ing to achieve efficient current conduction in Al-rich AlGaN, due to the large
ionization energy (up to 600 meV) for Mg dopant. Similar issues also exist for
In-rich InGaN, wherein the realization of efficient p-type conduction has
often been limited by the presence of surface electron accumulation.
This book covers the latest breakthrough research and exciting develop-
ments in the field of III-nitride compound semiconductors, including quan-
tum well, quantum dot, nanowire, and dot-in-nanowire heterostructures,
which have addressed some of the fundamental materials issues of Al-rich
AlGaN and In-rich InGaN and have led to optoelectronic devices operating
in the deep UV, deep visible, and near-infrared spectral ranges with signif-
icantly improved performance. This book includes two parts. Part I is con-
cerned about AlGaN optoelectronic devices, and Part II discusses the
emerging III-nitride nanowire heterostructures for application in deep vis-
ible and near-infrared optoelectronics.
Part I consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses two of the most signif-
icant materials roadblocks to high-performance AlGaN devices: substrates
and doping, and further reviews various strategies to mitigate these issues.
Chapter 2 discusses key factors currently affecting device performance and
reviews progress in development of deep UV LEDs, including high-
temperature epitaxy and transparent LED structure design. Chapter 3 presents
the epitaxy and performance of AlGaN deep UV LEDs on high-quality AlN
on sapphire. The enhancement in device performance by using a transparent
p-AlGaN contact layer and by using a low threading dislocation density AlN
template is described. Chapter 4 discusses the growth and properties of AlGaN
and the simulation, design, processing, and performance of state-of-the-art
xiii

deep UV lasers and photodetectors. Chapter 5 presents the recent progress
made on the growth and characterization of Al(Ga)N nanowires and nano-
wire deep UV LEDs. The demonstration of electrically pumped semiconduc-
tors lasers operating in the UV-B and UV-C bands is also described.
Part II comprises Chapters 6–12. Chapter 6 reviews the self-nucleation
process and structural properties of GaN nanowires grown by plasma-
assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The crucial issue of GaN crystalline polarity
is elucidated. Chapter 7 provides an insight into the selective area epitaxy of
InGaN/GaN nanostructures, with a focus on their potential as building
blocks for next-generation LEDs operating in the deep visible spectral range.
Chapter 8 reviews the recent progress made on the growth, characterization,
and device application of InN nanowires. The achievement of intrinsic InN
nanowires with the absence of surface electron accumulation and the dem-
onstration of p-type conduction of InN are discussed. Chapter 9 introduces a
unique epitaxial process, i.e., dynamic atomic layer epitaxy, and describes
the epitaxy and properties of III-N ordered alloys, such as coherent
monolayer-InN on/in GaN-matrix nanostructures. Chapter 10 provides a
detailed discussion of InGaN nanorod heterostructures, including polarization
effects, growth and polarity control, doping and surface properties, hetero-
junction band alignments, axial heterostructures for full-color and tunable
white LEDs, as well as green and full-color core–shell nanorod plasmonic
nanolasers. Chapter 11 describes the epitaxial growth and characteristics of
edge-emitting electrically pumped GaN/In(Ga)N disk-in-nanowire lasers
operating from 533 nm (green) to 1.3 μm. The characteristics of the nanowire
heterostructures and the steady state and small-signal modulation characteris-
tics of the lasers are described. Chapter 12 discusses a new method of cubic
phase GaN generation: hexagonal-to-cubic phase transition based on novel
nanopatterning. The modeling and structural and optical characterization of
the novel cubic materials is also discussed.
This book is well suited for students and researchers in the field of semi-
conductors. It will also be very valuable to researchers and engineers in
III-nitrides and optoelectronics. Moreover, the in-depth discussions on the
growth and characterization of a broad range of semiconductor nanostructures
will benefit students and researchers working on nanomaterials, nanotechnol-
ogy, and emerging devices.
ZETIAN MI,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
CHENNUPATI JAGADISH,
Australian National University, Canberra
Editors
xiv Preface

CHAPTER ONE
Materials Challenges of
AlGaN-Based UV
Optoelectronic Devices
M.H. Crawford1
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
1
Corresponding author: e-mail address: mhcrawf@sandia.gov
Contents
1. Introduction 3
2. Doping Challenges of AlGaN Alloys 4
2.1 P-Type Doping 5
2.2 n-Type doping 20
3. Substrates for UV Optoelectronics 23
3.1 Introduction 23
3.2 Strain Management and Reduction of Extended Defects 25
3.3 Electrically Conductive Substrates and Alternative Approaches
for Vertical-Injection-Geometry Devices 31
4. Summary and Outlook 34
Acknowledgments 36
References 36
1. INTRODUCTION
AlGaN alloys have emerged as the most promising compound semi-
conductors for DUV optoelectronics given band gaps that can be tuned over
an impressively wide range of the UV spectrum (363–200 nm). With
desirable properties including low size, weight, and operating power,
AlGaN-based UV devices have the potential to replace traditional UV
sources such as Hg lamps in applications ranging from water purification
to fluorescence-based bioagent sensing. However, many AlGaN materials
properties are far from ideal. In Fig. 1, we present a generic design for
AlGaN-based UV emitters and highlight some of the materials challenges
to achieving high-performance light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser
Semiconductors and Semimetals, Volume 96 # 2017 Elsevier Inc.
ISSN 0080-8784 All rights reserved.
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3

diodes (LDs). This review focuses on two challenges that are largely respon-
sible for the poor performance of AlGaN UV emitters relative to InGaN
visible light emitters: doping and substrate challenges. For each of these
material challenges, we present the state of the art and exploratory concepts
for overcoming these challenges and enabling higher performance UV
devices.
The focus on doping and substrate challenges necessarily omits other
topics of interest. In particular, point defects in AlGaN alloys and related
impact on radiative efficiency (Chichibu et al., 2011), bandstructure
limitations to light extraction (Nam et al., 2004; Wierer et al., 2014), and
optical gain (Chow and Kneissl, 2005) are found in the provided references.
In addition, an excellent recent review on III-Nitride ultraviolet emitters
(Kneissl and Rass, 2016) is recommended.
2. DOPING CHALLENGES OF AlGaN ALLOYS
Typical LEDs and LDs rely upon the ability to achieve both n-type
and p-type doping; however, such bipolar doping is challenging for most
wide band gap semiconductors (Walukiewicz, 2001; Zunger, 2003). For
AlGaN alloys, p-type doping is the major challenge, increasingly so with
increasing Al composition and band gap. For these wider band gap alloys,
low p-type conductivity limits device performance through Joule heating
and poor hole injection, both of which contribute to reduced optical
efficiency. P-type GaN is often used for a contact layer in DUV AlGaN
LEDs, given higher conductivity than p-type AlGaN, but is absorbing
Fig. 1 Schematic of an AlGaN-based deep UV LED and related material challenges.
4 M.H. Crawford

for λ363 nm. Thus, while visible InGaN LEDs have up to 85% light
extraction efficiency, DUV AlGaN LEDs have light extraction efficiencies
of 25% or less, largely due to the p-GaN absorption (Shatalov et al., 2017).
Solutions are therefore needed for contact layers with both high p-type
conductivity and high UV transparency in order to help close the gap
between visible and UV LED performance.
Si-doping for n-type AlGaN is effective for Al compositions up to 80%
but becomes increasingly less efficient for higher-Al-composition alloys
(Borisov et al., 2005; Mehnke et al., 2013; Nakarmi et al., 2004;
Taniyasu et al., 2002). Despite both experimental and theoretical studies,
consensus on donor activation energies and the dominant mechanism
behind the strong increase in n-type resistivity in these high-Al-composition
alloys is still lacking. As applications drive AlGaN emitters further into the
DUV, greater understanding of these mechanisms, and how to circumvent
them, will be critical.
In this section, we review current understanding of the factors behind
p-type and n-type doping limitations in AlGaN, potential approaches to
overcoming these limitations, and state-of-the-art reports on p-type and
n-type AlGaN conductivity. We further emphasize how these advances
translate to improved performance of UV emitters.
2.1 P-Type Doping
One of the most formidable materials challenges of DUV AlGaN optoelec-
tronics is ineffective p-type doping. This challenge results from the interplay
of several materials properties including increasingly large acceptor ioniza-
tion energy with Al composition, limitations to dopant solubility, and low
formation energies of compensating defects. Density functional theory
(DFT) studies identified Mg as a promising acceptor candidate (Van de
Walle et al., 1999), and Mg is now the most commonly employed p-type
dopant in commercial InGaN-based visible LEDs and LDs. However,
Mg activation energies increase from 160 meV in GaN to as high as
510–630 meV in AlN (Nam et al, 2003; Taniyasu et al., 2006), thereby
becoming increasingly problematic for DUV devices with shorter emission
wavelengths. Simply increasing Mg dopant concentrations to compensate
for this high activation energy has typically not been successful (with
exceptions including Gunning et al. (2015), described later). Mg dopant
densities 41019
cm3
have been reported to cause defects such as inver-
sion domains which decrease both free carrier concentrations and mobilities
(Chakraborty et al., 2007).
5
Materials Challenges of AlGaN UV Devices

These observations point to multiple approaches to improving free
hole concentrations in AlGaN-based optoelectronic devices. The first is
to discover growth regimes under which high Mg concentrations are
achieved without creating a high concentration of compensating defects.
A second is to explore device architectures where free holes are achieved
by mechanisms other than thermal activation from deep acceptors, for
example, through polarization engineering approaches. Below, we review
the state of the art in Mg doping of AlGaN and present progress in these
strategies to achieve higher p-type conductivity in DUV devices.
2.1.1 Optimized Growth Conditions for p-Type Doping of AlGaN
A number of groups have explored the limits of p-type doping of AlGaN
through careful optimization of growth conditions. In Table 1, we highlight
some of the lowest reported p-type resistivities of AlGaN as a function of Al
composition. Several common themes can be gleaned from these reports.
First, higher hole concentrations are achieved with the use of high V/III
ratio during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). This condition
is thought to suppress the formation of nitrogen vacancies (VN), a
compensating donor with particularly low formation energies for AlGaN
alloys (Van de Walle and Neugebauer, 2004; Van de Walle et al., 1999).
Kinoshita et al. (2013) determined an optimal V/III ratio of 1800 by
minimizing deep-level photoluminescence (PL) at 4.1 eV; an energy level
potentially related to the 3+ charge state of the nitrogen vacancy (VN
3 +
)
(Nakarmi et al., 2009). This approach to finding optimal V/III ratio yielded
a free hole concentration of 1.31017
cm3
and a resistivity of 47 Ωcm for
Al0.70Ga0.30N, the lowest p-type resistivity reported for x0.50 AlxGa1xN
alloys. Other notable reports include a resistivity of 60 Ωcm for Mg-doped
Al0.60Ga0.40N grown by MOVPE in a hot wall reactor using a V/III ratio of
1560 (Nilsson, 2014).
Another common observation is the need to limit the incorporated Mg
concentration to avoid structural degradation that ultimately reduces
conductivity, particularly for films grown by MOVPE. Jeon et al. (2005)
found that a low resistivity of 10 Ωcm was only achieved for a very narrow
window in Mg concentration of around 41019
cm3
in MOVPE-grown
p-Al0.30Ga0.70N films. This window was bound on the low end by the need
for sufficiently high Mg concentration to overcome compensating defects
and on the high end by the creation of inversion domain boundaries and
6 M.H. Crawford

Table 1 Highlights of Reported Resistivities, Hole Concentrations, Growth Approach,
and Incorporated Mg Concentration of Mg-Doped AlGaN as a Function of Al
Composition
Al
(%)
Resistivity
(Ωcm)
Hole
Concentration
(cm23
)
Growth
Approach
Incorporated
Mg
Concentration
(cm23
) References
1 1108
11010
MOVPE 21019
Taniyasu
et al. (2006)
1 3106
21011
MOVPE 71018
Nam et al.
(2003)
0.85 7000 11014
Hot wall
MOVPE
21019
Kakanakova-
Georgieva
et al. (2010)
0.70 47 1.31017
MOVPE 3.31019
Kinoshita
et al. (2013)
0.60 60 — Hot wall
MOVPE
31019
Nilsson
(2014)
0.45 8 2.71017
MOVPE 41019
Jeon et al.
(2005)
0.40 — 4.751018
MOVPE, delta
doping, and
Indium surfactant
11019
Chen et al.
(2015)
0.30 10 2.21017
MOVPE 3.51019
Jeon et al.
(2005)
0.27 1.2 2.31019
Metal-modulated
epitaxy (MBE)
11020
Gunning
et al. (2015)
0 0.59 1.61018
NH3-MBE,
indium surfactant
61019
Kyle et al.
(2015)
0 0.2 31018
MOVPE,
low-energy
electron beam
activation
— Nakamura
et al. (1991)
0 0.19 1.91019
Metal-modulated
epitaxy (MBE)
1–21020
Gunning
et al. (2012)
The majority of reported resistivity values were achieved after thermal annealing to reduce hydrogen
passivation of Mg acceptors.
7

conversion to N-polar material. The onset of structural degradation was
found to be in a similar range of Mg concentration for x0.70 alloys grown
by MOVPE, suggesting little dependence on Al composition (Chakraborty
et al., 2007; Kinoshita et al., 2013).
For both MBE and MOVPE growth approaches, employing indium as a
surfactant during growth was reported to improve p-type doping of AlGaN
(Chen et al., 2015; Kyle et al., 2015). Kyle et al. (2015) found that indium
enabled lower NH3-MBE growth temperatures, beneficial for reduced
defect incorporation, while maintaining step-flow growth. They reported
1–2 orders of magnitude reduction of compensating defects and increased
free hole concentrations compared to growths without indium. Mg-delta
doping by MOVPE, a pulsed-growth approach where metalorganic sources
and the Mg source (Cp2Mg) are turned on and off while NH3 is flowed
continuously, was also reported to reduce compensating defects and
increase free hole concentrations in AlGaN (Chen et al., 2015; Nakarmi
et al., 2003). Interestingly, these improvements were observed for two
distinct cases: when Cp2Mg was introduced during a growth interruption
with metalorganic sources turned off (Nakarmi et al., 2003) or solely when
the metalorganic sources are turned on (Chen et al., 2015).
Another approach to enabling high Mg concentrations in p-AlGaN
without structural degradation is through a molecular beam epitaxy
(MBE) approach called metal-modulated epitaxy (MME) (Gunning et al.,
2015). Similar in concept to pulsed-growth MOVPE, MME involves the
modulation of group III metal and Mg sources in time, while the
N source is held constant. A benefit of MME is that adatom mobility is
substantially increased within the metal adlayer, enabling growth at lower
temperatures while maintaining crystalline quality. The lower growth tem-
perature is deemed advantageous for p-type doping due to decreased forma-
tion energies of compensating defects, such as VN (Neugebauer and Van de
Walle, 1995). Incorporation of Mg 11020
cm3
into a 100-nm-thick
Al0.27Ga0.73N film yielded p¼2.31019
cm3
and μ¼0.2 cm2
/Vs with
no evidence of inversion domains. This free hole concentration is
significantly higher than that of any other reported for p-AlGaN, and while
the mobility is very low, the corresponding resistivity of 1.2 Ωcm is still
among the lowest reported for x0.3 AlxGa1xN alloys.
2.1.2 Polarization Engineering Approaches to p-Type Doping
Despite the aforementioned progress, it has proven quite challenging to
achieve 11018
cm3
free hole concentrations in x0.40 AlxGa1xN
8 M.H. Crawford

alloys through optimization of growth conditions alone. Over the past
decade, there have been exciting advances in the application of polarization
engineering to overcome the challenge of p-type doping in AlGaN.
The potential for very large spontaneous polarization in the (0001) crystal
orientation arises from the noncentrosymmetric crystal structure of wurzite
III-Ns combined with the ionic nature of atomic bonding. For strained
layers, spontaneous polarization is augmented by piezoelectric polarization,
aligned along a particular crystallographic direction depending on the nature
of the strain (e.g., tensile or compressive) (Ambacher et al., 1999). Typical
III-N LED heterostructures under equilibrium can have polarization-
induced internal fields on the order of MV/cm across quantum wells
(QWs) of few nm thickness.
The effects of polarization are clearly seen in III-N heterostructures,
where the polarization discontinuity leads to a fixed charge at the interface
between the two alloys. An exemplar is a GaN/AlGaN high-electron-
mobility transistor (HEMT), where fixed charge at the GaN/AlGaN
interface is balanced by free electrons from surface donor states (Ibbetson
et al., 2000), yielding 2D electron channels with low-temperature mobilities
as high as 51,700 cm2
/Vs at a sheet concentration of 2.21013
cm2
(Smorchkova et al., 1999). As an alternative to abrupt heterointerfaces,
various groups have explored distributed polarization doping (DPD),
whereby band gap grading results in 3D slabs of free charge (Jena et al.,
2002). Among other benefits, DPD avoids heterobarriers of abrupt-interface
designs with potential for improved carrier injection. In the following, we
review examples of such polarization engineering approaches applied to
p-type doping in AlGaN.
2.1.2.1 Mg-Doped Superlattices
Mg-doped AlGaN superlattices are one example of a polarization engineer-
ing approach to p-type doping that relies upon abrupt heterointerfaces. As
shown in Fig. 2A, these are periodic structures with repeated bilayers of
higher- and lower-Al-composition AlGaN, each layer typically being
0.5–10-nm thick. Schubert et al. (1996) first reported the potential to sig-
nificantly enhance activation of deep acceptors with a heterostructure that
is uniformly doped but periodically varying in composition. Assuming a
bulk acceptor activation energy Ea ¼200 meV (similar to that of Mg in
GaN) and a valence band offset between the two alloys approximately equal
to Ea, their modeling predicted an acceptor activation of 50%, some 10
higher than for a similar material but without band modulation. Effectively,
9

this periodic structure enables ionization of deep acceptors in the wider band
gap barrier and accumulation of holes in the narrower band gap well.
III-N superlattices have the added effect of strong polarization fields
which lead to a significant modulation of the superlattice bandstructure
(Fig. 2B). This enables ionization of Mg acceptors where the band edge
is below the Fermi level and accumulation of resulting free holes at the
neighboring heterointerface. Such polarization-field-induced activation
of holes obviates the need for thermal activation of holes in higher-Al-com-
position AlGaN, thereby circumventing a primary roadblock to p-type con-
ductivity. As will be discussed later, this enhanced p-type conductivity is in
the lateral direction, i.e., perpendicular to the growth direction. In contrast,
vertical transport, aligned along the growth direction, is critical for p–n junc-
tion devices and can be substantially impeded due to heterobarriers inherent
in the superlattice structures.
Over more than a decade, a wide range of AlGaN-based superlattice
designs have been explored. In Table 2, we highlight some of the more
notable results, organized as a function of average Al composition of the
superlattice heterostructures. Earlier studies focused on lower average Al
composition superlattices and therefore relatively low Al composition
contrast between the layers. Across a range of designs and for both MBE
and MOVPE growth techniques, values of 0.2 Ωcm lateral resistivity
and 2–41018
cm3
free hole concentration were commonly achieved.
Fig. 2 (A) Cross-sectional transmission electron micrograph of an AlN/Al0.23Ga0.77N
Mg-doped superlattice grown by MOVPE. The constituent layers are 10-Å thick.
(B) Schematic of the bandstructure of a Mg-doped AlN/AlGaN superlattice. Ec is
the conduction band, Ev is the valence band, and EF is the Fermi level. The schematic
highlights the polarization-field-induced band bending that enables hole activation
and accumulation in 2D sheets at heterointerfaces. Panel (A): Reprinted from
Allerman, A.A., Crawford, M.H., Miller, M.A., Lee, S.R., 2010. Growth and characterization
of Mg-doped AlGaN-AlN short-period superlattices for deep-UV optoelectronic devices.
J. Cryst. Growth 312, 756–761 with permission from Elsevier.
10 M.H. Crawford

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simultaneous rush was made by the panic-struck congregation to the
door. Many fell, and were trampled underfoot, while others fainted,
being seriously crushed and bruised.
Among a rural population, sayings and doings, applicable to a
particular parish, crop up, and, in after times, are applied to
occurrences in neighbouring parishes. Having regard to this, may it
not be suggested that, what is current locally in regard to Ferrintosh
and Coinneach’s sayings, may only be a transcript of an event now
matter of history in a parish on the northern side of the Cromarty
Firth. We refer to the destruction of the Abbey Church at Fearn by
lightning, October 10, 1742. We have never seen a detailed account
of this sad accident in print, and have no doubt the reader will be
glad to have a graphic description of it from the pen of Bishop
Forbes, the famous author of the “Jacobite Memoirs,” who visited his
diocese of Ross and Caithness in the summer of 1762. This account
is taken from his unpublished MS. Journal, now the property of the
College of Bishops of the Scottish Episcopal Church, and presently in
the hands of the Rev. F. Smith, Arpafeelie, who has kindly permitted
us to make the following extract:—
“The ruinous Church of Ferne was of old an Abbacy of White Friars
(see Keith’s Catalogue, p. 247). The roof of flagstones, with part of a
side wall, was beat down in an instant by thunder and lightning on
Sunday, October 10th, 1742, and so crushed and bruised forty
persons, that they were scarcely to be discovered, who or what they
were, and therefore, were buried promiscuously, without any
manner of distinction. The gentry, having luckily their seats in the
niches, were saved from the sudden crash, as was the preacher by
the sounding-boards falling upon the pulpit, and his bowing down
under it. Great numbers were wounded (see Scot’s Magazine for
1742, p. 485). But there is a most material circumstance not
mentioned, which has been carefully concealed from the publishers,
and it is this: By a Providential event, this was the first Sunday that
the Rev. and often-mentioned Mr. Stewart, had a congregation near
Cadboll, in view of Ferne, whereby many lives were saved, as the
kirk was far from being so throng as usual, and that he and his

people, upon coming out from worship, and seeing the dismal
falling-in just when it happened, hastened with all speed to the
afflictive spot, and dragged many of the wounded out of the rubbish,
whose cries would have pierced a heart of adamant. Had not this
been the happy case, I speak within bounds when I say two, if not
three, to one, would have perished. Some of the wounded died. This
church has been a large and lofty building, as the walls are very
high, and still standing.”
It has been suggested that the prediction was fulfilled by the
falling to pieces of the Church at the Disruption; but we would be
loth to stake the reputation of our prophet on this assumption.
Another, supposed by some to be fulfilled by the annual visits of
the militia for their annual drill, is—“That when a wood on the Muir
of Ord grows to a man’s height, regiments of soldiers shall be seen
there drawn up in battle order.”
In connection with the battle, or battles, at Cille-Chriosd and the
Muir of Ord, Mr. Macintyre says:—The Seer foretold that “Fear Ruadh
an Uird (the Red Laird of Ord) would be carried home, wounded, on
blankets”. Whether this saying has reference to an event looming in
the distant future, or is a fragment of a tradition regarding
sanguinary events well known in the history of Cille-Chriosd, and of
which a full and graphic account, both in prose and verse, can be
seen on pp. 82-86 and 136-139, Vol. I. of the Celtic Magazine, it is
impossible to say.

PROPHECIES WHOLLY OR PARTLY
FULFILLED.
ere are several additional predictions which have
been wholly or partly fulfilled. “The day will come
when the Mackenzies will lose all their possessions
in Lochalsh, after which it will fall into the hands of
an Englishman, who shall be distinguished by
great liberality to his people, and lavish
expenditure of money. He will have one son and
two daughters; and, after his death, the property will revert to the
Mathesons, its original possessors, who will build a Castle on Druim-
a-Dubh, at Balmacarra.” The late Mr. Lillingstone was an Englishman.
He was truly distinguished for kindness and liberality to his tenants,
and he had a son and two daughters, although, we are informed, he
had been married for seventeen years before he had any family.
When he came into possession, old people thought they discerned
the fulfilment of a part of Kenneth’s prediction in his person, until it
was remarked that he had no family as foretold by the Seer. At last,
a son and two daughters were successively born to Mr. Lillingstone.
After his death, the son sold the whole of Lochalsh to Alexander
Matheson, M.P. for the Counties of Ross and Cromarty, and, so far,
the prediction has been realized. A castle has been built at Duncraig,
a considerable distance from the spot predicted by the Seer; but if
Kenneth is to be depended upon, a castle will yet be built by one of
the Mathesons oh Druim-a-Dubh, at Balmacarra. Had this prophecy
been got up after the event, the reputation of the Seer would
certainly not have been staked on the erection of another castle in
the remote future, when the Mathesons already possess such a
magnificent mansion at Duncraig.

During a recent visit to the Island of Raasay we received a
peculiar prediction regarding the Macleods from an old man there,
over eighty years of age, who remembered seven proprietors of
Raasay, and who sorely lamented the fulfilment of the prophecy, and
the decline of the good old stock, entirely in consequence of their
own folly and extravagance. Since then, we had the prediction
repeated by a Kintail man in identical terms; and as it is hardly
translatable, we shall give it in the original vernacular:—“Dar a thig
Mac-Dhomhnuill Duibh bàn; MacShimidh ceann-dearg; Sisealach
claon ruadh; Mac-Coinnich mor bodhar; agus Mac-Gille-challum
cama-chasach, iar-ogha Ian bhig à Ruiga, ’se sin a Mac-Gille-challum
is miosa ’thainig na thig; cha bhi mi ann ri linn, ’s cha’n fhearr leam
air a bhith.” (When we shall have a fair-haired Lochiel; a red-haired
Lovat; a squint-eyed, fair-haired Chisholm; a big deaf Mackenzie;
and a bow-crooked-legged Mac-Gille-challum, who shall be the
great-grand-son of John Beg, or little John, of Ruiga: that Mac-Gille-
challum will be the worst that ever came or ever will come; I shall
not be in existence in his day, and I have no desire that I should.)
Ruiga is the name of a place in Skye. When the last Macleod of
Raasay was born, an old sage in the district called upon his
neighbour, and told him, with an expression of great sorrow, that
Mac-Gille-challum of Raasay now had an heir, and his birth was a
certain forerunner of the extinction of his house. Such an event as
the birth of an heir had been hitherto, in this as in all other Highland
families, universally considered an occasion for great rejoicing
among the retainers. The other old man was amazed, and asked the
sage what he meant by such unusual and disloyal remarks. “Oh!”
answered he, “do you not know that this is the grand-grandson of
John Beg of Ruiga whom Coinneach Odhar predicted would be the
worst of his race.” And so he undoubtedly proved himself to be, for
he lost for ever the ancient inheritance of his house, and acted
generally in such a manner as to fully justify the Seer’s prediction;
and what is still more remarkable, the Highland lairds, with the
peculiar characteristics and malformations foretold by Kenneth,
preceded or were the contemporaries of the last MacGille-challum of
Raasay.

Here is a prediction of the downfall of another distinguished
Highland family—Clan Ranald of the Isles. “The day will come when
the old wife with the footless stocking (cailleach nam mogan) will
drive the Lady of Clan Ranald from Nunton House, in Benbecula.” We
are informed that this was fulfilled when the Macdonalds took the
farm of Nunton, locally known as “Baile na Caillich”. Old Mrs.
Macdonald was in the habit of wearing these primitive articles of
dress, and was generally known in the district as “Cailleach nam
Mogan”. Clan Ranald and his lady, like many more of our Highland
chiefs, ultimately went to the wall, and the descendants of the “old
wife with the footless stocking” occupied, and, for anything we
know, still occupy the ancient residence of the long-distinguished
race of Clan Ranald of the Isles.
In the beginning of the seventeenth century, and during the Seer’s
lifetime, there lived in Kintail an old man—Duncan Macrae—who was
curious to know by what means he should end his days. He applied
to a local female Seer, who informed him that he “would die by the
sword” (le bàs a chlaidheamh). This appeared so improbable in the
case of such an old man, who had taken part in so many bloody
frays and invariably escaped unhurt, that the matter was referred to
the greater authority, Coinneach Odhar. He corroborated the woman,
but still the matter was almost universally discredited in the district,
and by none more so than by old Duncan himself. However, years
after, conviction was forced upon them; for, according to the
“Genealogy of the Macraes,” written by the Rev. John Macrae,
minister of Dingwall, who died in 1704—“Duncan being an old man
in the year 1654, when General Monk, afterwards Duke of
Albemarle, came to Kintail, retired from his house in Glenshiel to the
hills, where, being found by some of the soldiers who had straggled
from the body of the army in hopes of plunder, and who, speaking to
him roughly, in a language he did not understand, he, like Old
Orimanus, drew his sword, c., and was immediately killed by them.
This was all the blood that General Monk or his soldiers, amounting
to 1500 men, had drawn, and all the opposition he met with,
although the Earl of Middleton and Sir George Monro were within a

few miles of them, and advertised of their coming, Seaforth having
been sent by Middleton to the Isle of Skye and parts adjoining, to
treat with the Macdonalds and the Macleods, c.”
Regarding the evictions which would take place in the Parish of
Petty, he said, “The day will come, and it is not far off, when farm-
steadings will be so few and far between, that the crow of a cock
shall not be heard from the one steading to the other”. This
prediction has certainly been fulfilled, for, in the days of the Seer
there were no fewer than sixteen tenants on the farm of Morayston
alone.
On the south of the bay, at Petty, is an immense stone, of at least
eight tons weight, which formerly marked the boundary between the
estates of Culloden and Moray. On the 20th of February, 1799, it was
mysteriously removed from its former position, and carried about
260 yards into the sea. It is supposed by some that this was brought
about by an earthquake; others think that the stone was carried off
by the action of ice, combined with the influence of a tremendous
hurricane, which blew from the shore, during that fearful and stormy
night. It was currently reported, and pretty generally believed at the
time, that his Satanic Majesty had a finger in this work. Be that as it
may, there is no doubt whatever that the Brahan Seer predicted
“that the day will come when the Stone of Petty, large though it is,
and high and dry upon the land as it appears to people this day, will
be suddenly found as far advanced into the sea as it now lies away
from it inland, and no one will see it removed, or be able to account
for its sudden and marvellous transportation”.
The Seer was at one time in the Culloden district on some
important business. While passing over what is now so well known
as the Battlefield of Culloden, he exclaimed, “Oh! Drummossie, thy
bleak moor shall, ere many generations have passed away, be
stained with the best blood of the Highlands. Glad am I that I will
not see that day, for it will be a fearful period; heads will be lopped
off by the score, and no mercy will be shown or quarter given on
either side.” It is perhaps unnecessary to point out how literally this

prophecy has been fulfilled on the occasion of the last battle fought
on British soil. We have received several other versions of it from
different parts of the country, almost all in identical terms.
“The time will come when whisky or dram shops will be so
plentiful that one may be met with almost at the head of every
plough furrow.” (Thig an latha ’s am bi tighean-oil cho lionmhor ’s
nach mor nach fhaicear tigh-osda aig ceann gach claise.) “Policemen
will become so numerous in every town that they may be met with
at the corner of every street.” “Travelling merchants” [pedlars and
hawkers] “will be so plentiful that a person can scarcely walk a mile
on the public highway without meeting one of them.”
The following is from “A Summer in Skye,” by the late Alex. Smith,
author of “A Life Drama”. Describing Dunvegan Castle and its
surroundings, he says:—“Dun Kenneth’s prophecy has come to pass
—‘In the days of Norman, son of the third Norman, there will be a
noise in the doors of the people, and wailing in the house of the
widow; and Macleod will not have so many gentlemen of his name
as will row a five-oared boat round the Maidens’. If the last trumpet
had been sounded at the end of the French war, no one but a
Macleod would have risen out of the churchyard of Dunvegan. If you
want to see a chief (of the Macleods) now-a-days you must go to
London for him.” There can be no question as to these having been
fulfilled to the letter.
“The day will come when a fox will rear a litter of cubs on the
hearthstone of Castle Downie.” “The day will come when a fox, white
as snow, will be killed on the west coast of Sutherlandshire.” “The
day will come when a wild deer will be caught alive at Chanonry
Point, in the Black Isle.” All these things have come to pass.
With respect to the clearances in Lewis, he said—“Many a long
waste feannag (rig, once arable) will yet be seen between Uig of the
Mountains and Ness of the Plains.” That this prediction has been
fulfilled to the letter, no one acquainted with the country will deny.

The following would appear to have been made solely on account
of the unlikelihood of the occurrence:—“A Lochalsh woman shall
weep over the grave of a Frenchman in the burying-place of
Lochalsh.” People imagined they could discern in this an allusion to
some battle on the West Coast, in which French troops would be
engaged; but there was an occurrence which gave it a very different
interpretation. A native of Lochalsh married a French footman, who
died, shortly after this event, and was interred in the burying-ground
of Lochalsh, thus leaving his widow to mourn over his grave. This
may appear a commonplace matter enough, but it must be
remembered that a Frenchman in Lochalsh, and especially a
Frenchman whom a Highland woman would mourn over, in
Coinneach’s day, was a very different phenomenon to what it is in
our days of railways, tourists, and steamboats.
The Seer also predicted the formation of a railway through the
Muir of Ord, handed down in the following stanza:—
Nuair a bhios da eaglais an Sgire na Toiseachd,
A’s lamh da ordaig an I-Stian’,
Da dhrochaid aig Sguideal nan geocaire,
As fear da imleag an Dunean,
Thig Miltearan a Carn a-chlarsair,
Air Carbad gun each gun srian,
A dh-fhagas am Blar-dubh na fhasach,
’Dortadh fuil le iomadh sgian;
A’s olaidh am fitheach a thri saitheachd
De dh-fhuil nan Gaidheal, bho clach nam Fionn.
Here is a literal translation:—

When there shall be two churches in the Parish of Ferrintosh,
And a hand with two thumbs in ‘I-Stiana,’
Two bridges at “Sguideal” (Conon) of the gormandizers,
And a man with two navels at Dunean,
Soldiers will come from “Carn a Chlarsair” (Tarradale)
On a chariot without horse or bridle,
Which will leave the “Blar-dubh” (Muir of Ord) a wilderness,
Spilling blood with many knives;
And the raven shall drink his three fulls
Of the blood of the Gael from the Stone of Fionn.
We already have two churches in the Parish of Ferrintosh, two
bridges at Conon, and we are told by an eye-witness, that there is
actually at this very time a man with two thumbs on each hand in “I-
Stiana,” in the Black Isle, and a man in the neighbourhood of
Dunean who has two navels. The “chariot without horse or bridle” is
undoubtedly the “iron horse”. What particular event the latter part of
the prediction refers to, it is impossible to say; but if we are to have
any faith in the Seer, something serious is looming not very remotely
in the future.
Mr. Macintyre supplies the following, which is clearly a fragment of
the one above given:—Coinneach Odhar foresaw the formation of a
railway through the Muir of Ord which he said “would be a sign of
calamitous times”. The prophecy regarding this is handed down to us
in the following form:—“I would not like to live when a black
bridleless horse shall pass through the Muir of Ord.” “Fearchair a
Ghunna” (Farquhar of the Gun, an idiotic simpleton who lived during
the latter part of his extraordinary life on the Muir of Tarradale)
seems, in his own quaint way, to have entered into the spirit of this
prophecy, when he compared the train, as it first passed through the
district, to the funeral of “Old Nick”. Tradition gives another version,
viz.:—“that after four successive dry summers, a fiery chariot shall
pass through the ‘Blar Dubh,’” which has been very literally fulfilled.
Coinneach Odhar was not the only person that had a view

beforehand of this railway line, for it is commonly reported that a
man residing in the neighbourhood of Beauly, gifted with second-
sight, had a vision of the train, moving along in all its headlong
speed, when he was on his way home one dark autumn night,
several years before the question of forming a railway in those parts
was mooted.
Here are two other Gaelic stanzas having undoubted reference to
the Mackenzies of Rosehaugh:—
Bheir Tanaistear Chlann Choinnich
Rocus bàn ás a choille;
’S bheir e ceile bho tigh-ciuil
Le a mhuinntir ’na aghaidh;
’S gum bi’ n Tanaistear mor
Ann an gniomh ’s an ceann-labhairt,
’Nuair bhios am Pap’ anns an Roimh
Air a thilgeadh dheth chathair,
Thall fa chomhar Creag-a-Chodh
Comhnuichidh taillear caol odhar;
’S Seumas gorach mar thighearn,
’S Seumas glic mar fhear tomhais—
A mharcaicheas gun srian
Air loth fhiadhaich a roghainn;
Ach cuiridh mor-chuis gun chiall
’N aite siol nam fiadh siol nan gobhar;
’S tuitidh an t-Eilean-dubh briagha
Fuidh riaghladh iasgairean Aŭch.
Literal translation:—

The heir (or chief) of the Mackenzies will take
A white rook out of the wood,
And will take a wife from a music house (dancing saloon),
With his people against him:
And the heir will be great
In deeds and as an orator,
When the Pope in Rome
Will be thrown off his throne.
Over opposite Creag-a-Chow
Will dwell a diminutive lean tailor,
Also Foolish James as the laird,
And Wise James as a measurer.
Who will ride without a bridle
The wild colt of his choice;
But foolish pride without sense
Will put in the place of the seed of the deer the seed of the
goat;
And the beautiful Black Isle will fall
Under the management of the fishermen of Avoch.
We have not learnt that any of the Rosehaugh Mackenzies has yet
taken a white rook from the woods; nor have we heard anything
suggested as to what this part of the prophecy may refer to. We are,
however, credibly informed that one of the late Mackenzies of
Rosehaugh had taken his wife from a music saloon in one of our
southern cities, and that his people were very much against him for
so doing. One of them, Sir George, no doubt was “great in deeds
and as an orator,” but we fail to discover any connection between
the time in which he lived and the time “when the Pope in Rome will
be thrown off his throne”. We were unable in the first edition to
suggest the meaning of the first six lines of the last stanza, but Mr.
Maclennan supplies us with the following explanation:—“I have been
hearing these lines discussed since I was a boy, and being a native

of Rosehaugh, I took a special interest in everything concerning it.
The first two lines I was repeatedly informed, referred to a pious
man who lived on the estate of Bennetsfield, opposite Craigiehow,
when ‘Seumas Gorach’ (Foolish James referred to in the third line),
was proprietor of Rosehaugh. This godly man, who was
contemporary with Foolish James, often warned him of his end, and
predicted his fate if he did not mend his ways; and as he thus cut
his bounds for him, he is supposed to be the ‘diminutive lean tailor’.
He is still in life. We all knew ‘Foolish James’. The fourth line refers to
James Maclaren, who lived at Rosehaugh most of the time during
which the last two Mackenzies ruled over it, and only died two years
ago. He was an odd character, but a very straightforward man; often
rebuked ‘Foolish James’ for the reckless and fearless manner in
which he rode about, and set bounds before the ‘foolish laird,’ which
he was not allowed to pass. Maclaren was, on that account, believed
to be the ‘measurer’ referred to by the Seer. The fifth and sixth lines
are supposed to apply to the wife fancied by Mackenzie in a ‘dancing
saloon,’ who was always considered the ‘wild colt,’ at whose
instigation he rode so recklessly and foolishly.” We wish the
realizations of our prophet’s predictions in this case were a little less
fanciful.
Those in the seventh and eighth lines have been most literally
fulfilled, for there can be no doubt that “foolish pride without sense”
has brought about what the Seer predicted, and secured, for the
present at least, the seed of the goat where the seed of the deer
used to rule. The deer, and the deer’s horns, as is well known, are
the armorial bearings of the Mackenzies, while the goat is that of the
Fletchers, who now rule in Rosehaugh, on the ruins of its once great
and famous “Cabair-feidh”.
Part of the beautiful Black Isle has already fallen under the
management of the son of a fisherman of Avoch; and who knows
but other fishermen from that humble village may yet amass
sufficient wealth to buy the whole. The old proprietors, we regret,
are rapidly making way with their “foolish pride without sense,” for
some one to purchase it.

We are informed that the present proprietor of Rosehaugh is the
son of an Avoch fisherman—the son of a Mr. Jack, who followed that
honourable avocation in this humble village for many years;
afterwards left the place and went to reside in Elgin, where he
commenced business as a small general dealer, or “huckster”; that
some of the boys—his sons—exhibited a peculiar smartness while in
school; that this was noticed by a lady relative of their mother, an
aunt, of the name of Fletcher, who encouraged and helped on the
education of the boys, and who took one or more of them to her
own home, and brought them up; afterwards they found their way
south, and ultimately became successful merchants and landed
proprietors.[1] These are facts of which we were entirely ignorant
when first writing down the stanzas already given. The verses were
sent to us from various quarters, and they have undoubtedly been
floating about the country for generations. So much for the Seer’s
prophetic power in this instance. Were we better acquainted with the
history of the other families referred to in the stanzas, it is probable
that more light could be thrown upon what they refer to than we are
at present able to do.
While we are dealing with the “wonderful” in connection with the
House of Rosehaugh, it may not be out of place to give a few
instances of the somewhat extraordinary experiences of the famous
Sir George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh already referred to. He was one
of the most distinguished members of the Scottish Bar, was Lord-
Advocate for Scotland in the reign of Charles the Second, and was,
indeed, a contemporary of the Brahan Seer. His “Institutes” are still
considered a standing authority by the legal profession:—On one
occasion, while at Rosehaugh, a poor widow from a neighbouring
estate called to consult him regarding her being repeatedly warned
to remove from a small croft which she held under a lease of several
years; but as some time had yet to run before its expiry, and being
threatened with summary ejection from the croft, she went to solicit
his advice. Having examined the tenor of the lease, Sir George
informed her that it contained a flaw, which, in case of opposition,
would render her success exceedingly doubtful; and although it was

certainly an oppressive act to deprive her of her croft, he thought
her best plan was to submit. However, seeing the distressed state of
mind in which the poor woman was on hearing his opinion, he
desired her to call upon him the following day, when he would
consider her case more carefully. His clerk, who always slept in the
same room as his lordship, was not a little surprised, about
midnight, to discover him rising from his bed fast asleep, lighting a
candle which stood on his table, drawing in his chair, and
commencing to write very busily, as if he had been all the time wide
awake. The clerk saw how he was employed, but he never spoke a
word, and, when he had finished, he saw him place what he had
written in his private desk, locking it, extinguishing the candle, and
then retiring to bed as if nothing had happened. Next morning at
breakfast, Sir George remarked that he had had a very strange
dream about the poor widow’s threatened ejectment, which, he
could now remember, and he had now no doubt of making out a
clear case in her favour. His clerk rose from the table, asked for the
key of his desk, and brought therefrom several pages of manuscript;
and, as he handed them to Sir George, enquired—“Is that like your
dream?” On looking over it for a few seconds, Sir George said, “Dear
me, this is singular; this is my very dream!” He was no less surprised
when his clerk informed him of the manner in which he had acted;
and, sending for the widow, he told her what steps to adopt to
frustrate the efforts of her oppressors. Acting on the counsel thus
given, the poor widow was ultimately successful, and, with her
young family, was allowed to remain in possession of her “wee bit
croftie” without molestation.
Sir George principally resided at this time in Edinburgh, and,
before dinner, invariably walked for half-an-hour. The place he
selected for this was Leith Walk, then almost a solitary place. One
day, while taking his accustomed exercise, he was met by a
venerable-looking, grey-headed old gentleman, who accosted him
and, without introduction or apology, said—“There is a very
important case to come off in London fourteen days hence, at which
your presence will be required. It is a case of heirship to a very

extensive estate in the neighbourhood of London, and a pretended
claimant is doing his utmost to disinherit the real heir, on the ground
of his inability to produce proper titles thereto. It is necessary that
you be there on the day mentioned; and in one of the attics of the
mansion-house on the estate there is an old oak chest with two
bottoms; between these you will find the necessary titles, written on
parchment.” Having given this information, the old man disappeared,
leaving Sir George quite bewildered; but the latter, resuming his
walk, soon recovered his previous equanimity, and thought nothing
further of the matter.
Next day, while taking his walk in the same place, he was again
met by the same old gentleman, who earnestly urged him not to
delay another day in repairing to London, assuring him that he
would be handsomely rewarded for his trouble; but to this Sir
George paid no particular attention. The third day he was again met
by the same hoary-headed sire, who energetically pleaded with him
not to lose a day in setting out, otherwise the case would be lost.
His singular deportment, and his anxiety that Sir George should be
present at the discussion of the case, in which he seemed so deeply
interested, induced Sir George to give in to his earnest importunities,
and accordingly he started next morning on horseback, arriving in
London on the day preceding that on which the case was to come
on. In a few hours he was pacing in front of the mansion-house
described by the old man at Leith Walk, where he met two
gentlemen engaged in earnest conversation—one of the claimants to
the property, and a celebrated London barrister—to whom he
immediately introduced himself as the principal law-officer of the
crown for Scotland. The barrister, no doubt supposing that Sir
George was coming to take the bread out of his mouth, addressed
him in a surly manner, and spoke disrespectfully of his country; to
which the latter replied, “that, lame and ignorant as his learned
friend took the Scotch to be, yet in law, as well as in other respects,
they would effect what would defy him and all his London clique”.
This disagreeable dialogue was put an end to by the other
gentleman—the claimant to the property—taking Sir George into the

house. After sitting and conversing for some minutes, Sir George
expressed a wish to be shown over the house. The drawing-room
was hung all round with magnificent pictures and drawings, which
Sir George greatly admired; but there was one which particularly
attracted his attention; and after examining it very minutely, he, with
a surprised expression, inquired of his conductor whose picture it
was? and received answer—“It is my great-great-grandfather’s”. “My
goodness!” exclaimed Sir George, “the very man who spoke to me
three times on three successive days in Leith Walk, and at whose
urgent request I came here!” Sir George, at his own request, was
then conducted to the attics, in one of which there was a large mass
of old papers, which was turned up and examined without
discovering anything to assist them in prosecuting the claim to the
heirship of the property. However, as they were about giving up the
search, Sir George noticed an old trunk lying in a corner, which, his
companion told him, had lain there for many a year as lumber, and
contained nothing. The Leith Walk gentleman’s information recurring
to Sir George, he gave the old moth-eaten chest a good hearty kick,
such as he could wish to have been received by his “learned friend”
the barrister, who spoke so disrespectfully of his country. The bottom
flew out of the trunk, with a quantity of chaff, among which the
original titles to the property were discovered. Next morning, Sir
George entered the court just as the case was about to be called
and addressed the pretended claimant’s counsel—“Well, sir, what
shall I offer you to abandon this action?” “No sum, or any
consideration whatever, would induce me to give it up,” answered his
learned opponent. “Well, sir,” said Sir George, at the same time
pulling out his snuff-horn and taking a pinch, “I will not even hazard
a pinch on it.” The case was called. Sir George, in reply to the
claimant’s counsel, in an eloquent speech, addressed the bench;
exposed most effectually the means which had been adopted to
deprive his client of his birthright; concluded by producing the titles
found in the old chest; and the case was at once decided in favour
of his client. The decision being announced, Sir George took the
young heir’s arm, and, bowing to his learned friend the barrister,
remarked, “You see now what a Scotsman has done, and let me tell

you that I wish a countryman of mine anything but a London
barrister”. Sir George immediately returned to Edinburgh, well paid
for his trouble; but he never again, in his favourite walk,
encountered the old grey-headed gentleman.
The following two stanzas refer to the Mackenzies of Kilcoy and
their property:—
Nuair a ghlaodhas paisdean tigh Chulchallaidh,
‘Tha slige ar mortairean dol thairis!’
Thig bho Chròidh madadh ruadh
Bhi’s ’measg an t-sluaigh mar mhadadh-alluidh,
Rè da-fhichead bliadhna a’s corr,
’S gum bi na chòta iomadh mallachd;
’N sin tilgear e gu falamh brònach
Mar shean sguab air cùl an doruis;
A’s bithidh an tuath mhor mar eunlaith sporsail,
’S an tighearnan cho bochd ris na sporais—
Tha beannachd ’san onair bhoidhich,
A’s mallachd an dortadh na fola.
Nuair bhitheas caisteal ciar Chulchallaidh
Na sheasaidh fuar, agus falamh,
’S na cathagan ’s na rocuis
Gu seolta sgiathail thairis,
Gabhaidh duine graineal comhnuidh,
Ri thaobh, mi-bheusal a’s salach,
Nach gleidh guidhe stal-phosaidh,
’S nach eisd ri cleireach no caraid,
Ach bho Chreag-a-chodh gu Sgire na Toiseachd
Gum bi muisean air toir gach caileag—
A’s ochan! ochan! s’ ma leon,
Sluigidh am balgaire suas moran talamh!
Literally translated:—

When the girls of Kilcoy house cry out,
‘The shell (cup) of our murderers is flowing over.’
A fox from Croy will come
Who shall be like a wolf among the people
During forty years and more,
And in his coat shall be many curses;
He shall then be thrown empty and sorrowful,
Like an old besom behind the door;
The large farmers will be like sportful birds,
And the lairds as poor as the sparrows—
There’s a blessing in handsome honesty
And curses in the shedding of blood.
When the stern Castle of Kilcoy
Shall stand cold and empty,
And the jackdaws and the rooks
Are artfully flying past it,
A loathsome man shall then dwell
Beside it, indecent and filthy,
Who will not keep the vow of the marriage coif,
Listen neither to cleric nor friend;
But from Creag-a-Chow to Ferrintosh
The dirty fellow will be after every girl—
Ochan! Ochan!! woe’s me,
The cunning dog will swallow up much land.
The history of the Kilcoy family has been an unfortunate one in
late years, and the second and last lines of the first stanza clearly
refer to a well-known tragic incident in the recent history of this
once highly-favoured and popular Highland family.
Mr. Maclennan applies them to an earlier event, and says:—“The
second and last line of the first stanza refer to the following story—
Towards the latter end of the seventeenth century a large number of
cattle, in the Black Isle, were attacked with a strange malady, which

invariably ended in madness and in death. The disease was
particularly destructive on the Kilcoy and Redcastle estates, and the
proprietors offered a large sum of money as a reward to any who
should find a remedy. An old warlock belonging to the parish agreed
to protect the cattle from the ravages of this unknown disease, for
the sum offered, if they provided him with a human sacrifice. To this
ghastly proposal the lairds agreed. A large barn at Parkton was, from
its secluded position, selected as a suitable place for the horrid
crime, where a poor friendless man, who lived at Linwood, close to
the site of the present Free Church manse, was requested, under
some pretence, to appear on a certain day. The unsuspecting
creature obeyed the summons of his superiors; he was instantly
bound and disembowelled alive by the horrid wizard, who dried the
heart, liver, kidneys, pancreas, and reduced them to powder, of
which he ordered a little to be given to the diseased animals in
water. Before the unfortunate victim breathed his last, he ejaculated
the following imprecation:—‘Gum b’ ann nach tig an latha ’bhitheas
teaghlach a Chaisteil Ruaidh gun oinseach, na teaghlach
Chulchallaidh gun amadan’. (Let the day never come when the family
of Redcastle shall be without a female idiot, or the family of Kilcoy
without a fool.) It appears, not only that this wild imprecation was to
some extent realised, but also that the Brahan Seer, years before,
knew and predicted that it would be made, and that its prayer would
be ultimately granted.”
Who the “fox from Croy” is, we are at present unable to suggest;
but taking the two stanzas as they stand, it would be difficult to
describe the position of the family and the state of the castle, with
our present knowledge of their history, and in their present position,
more faithfully than Coinneach Odhar has done more than two
centuries ago. What a faithful picture of the respective positions of
the great farmers and the lairds of the present day! And what a
contrast between their relative positions now and at the time when
the Seer predicted the change!
In the appendix to the Life of the late Dr. Norman Macleod, by his
brother, the Rev. Donald Macleod, D.D., a series of autobiographical

reminiscences are given, which the famous Rev. Norman, the
Doctor’s father, dictated in his old age to one of his daughters. In the
summer of 1799 he visited Dunvegan Castle, the stronghold of the
Macleods, in the Isle of Skye. Those of the prophecies already given
in verse are, undoubtedly, fragments of the long rhythmical
productions of Coinneach Odhar Fiosaiche’s prophecies regarding
most of our Highland families, to which the Rev. Norman refers, and
of which the prophecy given in his reminiscences is as follows:—
“One circumstance took place at the Castle (Dunvegan) on this
occasion which I think worth recording, especially as I am the only
person now living who can attest the truth of it. There had been a
traditionary prophecy, couched in Gaelic verse, regarding the family
of Macleod, which on this occasion, received a most extraordinary
fulfilment. This prophecy I have heard repeated by several persons,
and most deeply do I regret that I did not take a copy of it when I
could have got it. The worthy Mr. Campbell of Knock, in Mull, had a
very beautiful version of it, as also had my father, and so, I think,
had likewise Dr. Campbell of Killinver. Such prophecies were current
regarding almost all old families in the Highlands; the Argyll family
were of the number; and there is a prophecy regarding the
Breadalbane family as yet unfulfilled which I hope may remain so.
The present Marquis of Breadalbane is fully aware of it, as are many
of the connections of the family. Of the Macleod family, it was
prophesied at least a hundred years prior to the circumstance which
I am about to relate.
“In the prophecy to which I am about to allude, it was foretold
that when Norman, the Third Norman (‘Tormad nan ’tri Tormaid’),
the son of the hard-boned English lady (‘Mac na mnatha caoile
cruaidhe Shassunaich’) would perish by an accidental death; that
when the ‘Maidens of Macleod’ (certain well-known rocks on the
coast of Macleod’s country) became the property of a Campbell;
when a fox had young ones in one of the turrets of the Castle, and
particularly when the Fairy enchanted banner should be for the last
time exhibited, then the glory of the Macleod family should depart; a
great part of the estate should be sold to others; so that a small

‘curragh,’ a boat, would carry all gentlemen of the name of Macleod
across Loch Dunvegan; but that in times far distant another John
Breac should arise, who should redeem those estates, and raise the
power and honours of the house to a higher pitch than ever. Such in
general terms was the prophecy. And now as to the curious
coincidence of its fulfilment.
“There was, at that time, at Dunvegan, an English smith, with
whom I became a favourite, and who told me, in solemn secrecy,
that the iron chest which contained the ‘fairy flag’ was to be forced
open next morning; that he had arranged with Mr. Hector Macdonald
Buchanan to be there with his tools for that purpose.
“I was most anxious to be present, and I asked permission to that
effect of Mr. Buchanan (Macleod’s man of business), who granted
me leave on condition that I should not inform anyone of the name
of Macleod that such was intended, and should keep it a profound
secret from the chief. This I promised and most faithfully acted on.
Next morning we proceeded to the chamber in the East Turret,
where was the iron chest that contained the famous flag, about
which there is an interesting tradition.
“With great violence the smith tore open the lid of this iron chest;
but, in doing so, a key was found under part of the covering, which
would have opened the chest, had it been found in time. There was
an inner case, in which was found the flag, enclosed in a wooden
box of strongly-scented wood. The flag consisted of a square piece
of very rich silk, with crosses wrought with gold thread, and several
elf-pots stitched with great care on different parts of it.
“On this occasion, the melancholy news of the death of the young
and promising heir of Macleod reached the Castle. ‘Norman, the
third Norman,’ was a lieutenant of H.M.S., the ‘Queen Charlotte,’
which was blown up at sea, and he and the rest perished. At the
same time, the rocks called ‘Macleod’s Maidens’ were sold, in the
course of that very week, to Angus Campbell of Ensay, and they are
still in possession of his grandson. A fox in possession of a
Lieutenant Maclean, residing in the West Turret of the Castle, had

young ones, which I handled, and thus all that was said in the
prophecy alluded to was so far fulfilled, although I am glad the
family of my chief still enjoy their ancestral possessions, and the
worst part of the prophecy accordingly remains unverified. I merely
state the facts of the case as they occurred, without expressing any
opinion whatever as to the nature of these traditionary legends with
which they were connected.”
The estates are still, we are glad to say, in possession of the
ancient family of Macleod, and the present chief is rapidly improving
the prospects of his house. The probabilities are therefore at present
against our prophet. The hold of the Macleods on their estates is
getting stronger instead of weaker, and the John Breac who is to be
the future deliverer has not only not yet appeared, but the
undesirable position of affairs requiring his services is yet, we hope,
in the distant future.
The Seer predicted that “when the big-thumbed Sheriff-Officer
and the blind [man] of the twenty-four fingers shall be together in
Barra, Macneil of Barra may be making ready for the flitting” (Nuair
a bhitheas maor nan ordagan mora agus dall nan ceithir-meoraibh-
fichead comhla ann am Barraidh, faodaidh MacNeill Bharraidh ’bhi
deanamh deiseil na h-imirich.) This prediction, which was known in
Barra for generations, has been most literally fulfilled. On a certain
occasion, “the blind of the twenty-four fingers,” so called from
having six fingers on each hand, and six toes on each foot, left
Benbecula on a tour, to collect alms in South Uist. Being successful
there, he decided upon visiting Barra before returning home. Arriving
at the Ferry—the isthmus which separates South Uist from Barra,—
he met “Maor nan Ordagan mora,” and they crossed the kyle in the
same boat. It was afterwards found that the officer was actually on
his way to serve a summons of ejectment on the laird of Barra; and
poor Macneil not only had to make ready for, but had indeed to
make the flitting. The man who had acted as guide to the blind on
the occasion is, we are informed, still living and in excellent health,
though considerably over eighty years of age.

The following is said to have been fulfilled by the conduct of the
Duke of Cumberland at and after the battle of Culloden. The Seer
was, on one occasion, passing Millburn, on his way from Inverness
to Petty, and noticing the old mill, which was a very primitive
building, thatched with divots, he said:—“The day will come when
thy wheel shall be turned for three successive days by water red
with human blood; for on the banks of thy lade a fierce battle shall
be fought, at which much blood shall be spilt”. Some say that this is
as yet unfulfilled; and it has been suggested that the battle may yet
be fought in connection with the new Barracks now building at the
Hut of Health.
Coinneach also prophesied remarkable things regarding the
Mackenzies of Fairburn and Fairburn Tower. “The day will come when
the Mackenzies of Fairburn shall lose their entire possessions, and
that branch of the clan shall disappear almost to a man from the
face of the earth. Their Castle shall become uninhabited, desolate,
and forsaken, and a cow shall give birth to a calf in the uppermost
chamber in Fairburn Tower.” The first part of this prophecy has only
too literally come to pass; and within the memory of hundreds now
living, and who knew Coinneach’s prophecy years before it was
fulfilled, the latter part—that referring to the cow calving in the
uppermost chamber—has also been undoubtedly realised. We are
personally acquainted with people whose veracity is beyond
question, who knew the prophecy, and who actually took the trouble
at the time to go all the way from Inverness to see the cow-mother
and her offspring in the Tower, before they were taken down. Mr.
Maclennan supplies the following version:—Coinneach said,
addressing a large concourse of people—“Strange as it may appear
to all those who may hear me this day, yet what I am about to tell
you is true and will come to pass at the appointed time. The day will
come when a cow shall give birth to a calf in the uppermost
chamber (seomar uachdarach) of Fairburn Castle. The child now
unborn will see it.”
When the Seer uttered this prediction, the Castle of Fairburn was
in the possession of, and occupied by, a very rich and powerful

chieftain, to whom homage was paid by many of the neighbouring
lairds. Its halls rang loud with sounds of music and of mirth, and
happiness reigned within its portals. On its winding stone stairs trod
and passed carelessly to and fro pages and liveried servants in their
wigs and golden trimmings. Nothing in the world was more unlikely
to happen, to all appearance, than what the Seer predicted, and
Coinneach was universally ridiculed for having given utterance to
what was apparently so nonsensical; but this abuse and ridicule the
Seer bore with the patient self-satisfied air of one who was fully
convinced of the truth of what he uttered. Years passed by, but no
sign of the fulfilment of the prophecy. The Seer, the Laird of
Fairburn, and the whole of that generation were gathered to their
fathers, and still no signs of the curious prediction being realised.
The Laird of Fairburn’s immediate successors also followed their
predecessors, and the Seer, to all appearance, was fast losing his
reputation as a prophet. The tower was latterly left uninhabited, and
it soon fell into a dilapidated state of repair—its doors decayed and
fell away from their hinges, one by one, until at last there was no
door on the main stair from the floor to the roof. Some years after,
and not long ago, the Fairburn tenant-farmer stored away some
straw in the uppermost chamber of the tower; in the process, some
of the straw dropped, and was left strewn on the staircase. One of
his cows on a certain day chanced to find her way to the main door
of the tower, and finding it open, began to pick up the straw
scattered along the stair. The animal proceeded thus, till she had
actually arrived at the uppermost chamber, whence, being heavy in
calf, she was unable to descend. She was consequently left in the
tower until she gave birth to a fine healthy calf. They were allowed
to remain there for several days, where many went to see them,
after which the cow and her progeny were brought down; and
Coinneach Odhar’s prophecy was thus fulfilled to the letter.
“The day will come when the Lewsmen shall go forth with their
hosts to battle, but they will be turned back by the jaw-bone of an
animal smaller than an ass,” was a prediction accounted ridiculous
and quite incomprehensible until it was fulfilled in a remarkable but

very simple manner. Seaforth and the leading men of the Clan, as is
well known, were “out in the ’15 and ’19,” and had their estates
forfeited; and it was only a few years before the ’45 that their lands
were again restored to Seaforth, and to Mackenzie, 11th Baron of
Hilton. The Rev. Colin Mackenzie, a brother of Hilton, minister of
Fodderty and Laird of Glack, in Aberdeenshire, was the first in the
neighborhood of Brahan who received information of Prince Charlie’s
landing in 1745. Seaforth had still a warm feeling for the Prince. His
reverend friend, though a thorough Jacobite himself, was an intimate
friend of Lord President Forbes, with whom he kept up a regular
correspondence. He decided, no doubt mainly through his influence,
to remain neutral himself; and fearing that his friend of Brahan
might be led to join the Prince, he instantly, on receipt of the news,
started for Brahan Castle. Although it was very late at night when he
received the information, he crossed Knockfarrel, entered Seaforth’s
bedroom by the window—for he had already gone to rest for the
night—and without awakening his lady, informed him of the landing
of Charles. They decided upon getting out of the way, and both
immediately disappeared. Seaforth was well known to have had
previous correspondence with the Prince, and to have sent private
orders to the Lews to have his men there in readiness; and Fodderty
impressed upon him the prudence of getting out of sight altogether
in the meantime. They started through the mountains in the
direction of Poolewe, and some time afterwards, when there
together in concealment near the shore, they saw two ships entering
the bay, having on board a large number of armed men, whom they
at once recognised as Seaforth’s followers from the Lews, raised and
commanded by Captain Colin Mackenzie, the great-grandfather of
Major Thomas Mackenzie of the 78th Highlanders. Lord Seaforth had
just been making a repast of a sheep’s head, when he espied his
retainers, and approaching the ships with the sheep’s jaw-bone in
his hand, he waved it towards them, and ordered them to return to
their homes at once, which command they obeyed by making at
once for Stornoway; and thus was fulfilled Coinneach Odhar’s
apparently ludicrous prediction, that the brave Lewsmen would be

turned back from battle with the jaw-bone of an animal smaller than
an ass.
Mr. Maclennan supplies us also with the following:—“In the parish
of Avoch is a well of beautiful clear water, out of which the Brahan
Seer, upon one occasion, took a refreshing draught. So pleased was
he with the water, that he looked at his Blue Stone, and said
—‘Whoever he be that drinketh of thy water henceforth, if suffering
from any disease, shall, by placing two pieces of straw or wood on
thy surface, ascertain whether he will recover or not. If he is to
recover, the straws will whirl round in opposite directions; if he is to
die soon, they will remain stationary.’ The writer (continues Mr.
Maclennan) knew people who went to the well and made the
experiment. He was himself once unwell, and supposed to be at the
point of death; he got of the water of the well, and he still lives.
Whether it did him good or not, it is impossible to say, but this he
does know, that the water pleased him uncommonly well.”
With reference to Lady Hill, in the same parish, the Seer said
—“Thy name has gone far and wide; but though thy owners were
brave on the field of battle, they never decked thy brow. The day will
come, however, when a white collar shall be put upon thee. The
child that is unborn shall see it, but I shall not.” This prediction has
been fulfilled a few years ago, by the construction of a fine drive
right round the hill.
The Seer said, speaking of Beauly—“The day will come, however
distant, when ‘Cnoc na Rath’ will be in the centre of the village”. It
certainly would appear incredible, and even absurd, to suggest such
a thing in Coinneach’s day, for the “village” then stood at a place
south of the present railway station, called, in Gaelic, “Bealaidh-
Achadh,” or the Broom field, quite a mile from Cnoc na Rath. The
prophecy has to some extent been fulfilled, for the last erection at
Beauly—the new public school—is within a few yards of the Cnoc;
and the increasing enterprise of the inhabitants is rapidly aiding,
and, indeed, will soon secure, the absolute realisation of the Seer’s
prediction. In connection with this prophecy we think that we have

discovered a Celtic origin for the term Beauly. It is generally
supposed to have been derived from the French word “Beaulieu”.
The village being originally at “Bealaidh-Achadh,” and so called when
the present Beauly was nowhere, what can be more natural than the
supposition that the inhabitants carried the original name of their
original village along with them, and now present us with the Gaelic
“Bealaidh,” anglified into Beauly. This is not such a fine theory as the
French one, but it is more likely to be the true one, and is more
satisfactory to the student of Gaelic topography.
We have several versions of the prophecy regarding the carrying
away of the Stone Bridge across the River Ness, which stood near
the place where the present Suspension Bridge stands. Mr. Macintyre
supplies the following, and Mr. Maclennan’s version is very much the
same:—“He foretold that the Ness bridge would be swept away by a
great flood, while crowded with people, and while a man riding a
white horse and a woman ‘enciente’ were crossing it. Either the
prophet’s second-sight failed him on the occasion, or tradition has
not preserved the correct version of the prediction, for it is well
known that no human being was carried away by the bridge when it
was swept by the extraordinary flood of 1849.”
As a matter of fact, there was no man riding a white horse on the
bridge at the time, but a man—Matthew Campbell—and a woman
were crossing it, the arches tumbling one by one at their heels as
they flew across; but managed to reach the western shore in safety,
just as the last arch was crumbling under their feet. Campbell, who
was behind, coming up to the woman, caught her in his arms, and
with a desperate bound cleared the crumbling structure.
The Seer also foretold that before the latter prediction was fulfilled
“people shall pick gooseberries from a bush growing on the stone
ledge of one of the arches”. There are many now living who
remember this gooseberry bush, and who have seen it in bloom and
blossom, and with fruit upon it. It grew on the south side of the
bridge, on the third or fourth pier, and near the iron grating which
supplied a dismal light to the dungeon which in those days was the

Inverness prison. Maclean, “A Nonagenarian,” writing forty years
ago, says nothing of the bush, but, while writing of the predicted fall
of the bridge, states, with regard to it, that “an old tradition or
prophecy is, that many lives will be lost at its fall, and that this shall
take place when there are seven females on the bridge, in a state
poetically described as that ‘in which ladies wish to be who love their
lords’.” This was written, as will be seen by comparing dates, several
years before the bridge was carried away in 1849, showing
unmistakably that the prophecy was not concocted after the event.
“The natural arch, or ‘Clach tholl,’ near Storehead in Assynt, will
fall with a crash so loud as to cause the laird of Leadmore’s cattle,
twenty miles away, to break their tethers.” This was fulfilled in 1841,
Leadmore’s cattle having one day strayed from home to within a few
hundred yards of the arch, when it fell with such a crash as to send
them home in a frantic fright, tearing everything before them. Hugh
Miller refers to this prediction, as also to several others, in the work
already alluded to—“Scenes and Legends of the North of Scotland,”
pp. 161, 162, 163.
About sixteen years ago, there lived in the village of “Baile
Mhuilinn,” in the West of Sutherlandshire, an old woman of about 95
years of age, known as Baraball n’ic Coinnich (Annabella Mackenzie).
From her position, history, and various personal peculiarities, it was
universally believed in the district that she was no other than the
Baraball n’ic Coinnich of whom the Brahan Seer predicted that she
would die of the measles. She had, however, arrived at such an
advanced age, without any appearance or likelihood of her ever
having that disease, that the prophet was rapidly losing credit in the
district. About this time the measles had just gone the round of the
place, and had made considerable havoc among old and young; but
when the district was, so to speak, convalescent, the measles paid
Baraball a visit, and actually carried her away, when within a few
years of five score, leaving no doubt whatever in the minds of the
people that she had died as foretold centuries before by the famous
Coinneach Odhar.

The Seer, one day, pointing to the now celebrated Strathpeffer
mineral wells, said:—“Uninviting and disagreeable as it now is, with
its thick crusted surface and unpleasant smell, the day will come
when it shall be under lock and key, and crowds of pleasure and
health seekers shall be seen thronging its portals, in their eagerness
to get a draught of its waters.”
Regarding the “land-grasping” Urquharts of Cromarty he predicted
“that, extensive though their possessions in the Black Isle now are,
the day will come—and it is close at hand—when they will not own
twenty acres in the district.” This, like many of his other predictions,
literally came to pass, although nothing could then have been more
unlikely; for, at the time, the Urquharts possessed the estates of
Kinbeachie, Braelangwell, Newhall, and Monteagle, but at this
moment their only possession in the Black Isle is a small piece of
Braelangwell.
That “the day will come when fire and water shall run in streams
through all the streets and lanes of Inverness,” was a prediction, the
fulfilment of which was quite incomprehensible, until the introduction
of gas and water through pipes into every corner of the town.
“The day will come when long strings of carriages without horses
shall run between Dingwall and Inverness, and more wonderful still,
between Dingwall and the Isle of Skye.” It is hardly necessary to
point out that this refers to the railway carriages now running in
those districts.
That “a bald black girl will be born at the back of the Church of
Gairloch” (Beirear nighean mhaol dubh air cùl Eaglais Ghearrloch),
has been fulfilled. During one of the usual large gatherings at the
Sacramental Communion a well-known young woman was taken in
labour, and before she could be removed she gave birth to the
“nighean mhaol dubh,” whose descendants are well known and
pointed out in the district to this day as the fulfilment of Coinneach’s
prophecy.

That “a white cow will give birth to a calf in the garden behind
Gairloch House,” has taken place within the memory of people still
living; that, in Fowerdale, “a black hornless cow (Bo mhaol dubh)
will give birth to a calf with two heads,” happened within our own
recollection. These predictions were well known to people before
they came to pass.
The following are evidently fragments regarding the Lovat Estates.
He said:—
Thig fear tagair bho dheas,
Mar eun bho phreas.
Fasaidh e mar luibh,
’S sgaoilidh e mar shiol,
’S cuiridh e teine ri Ardrois.
(A Claimant will come from the South
Like a bird from a bush;
He will grow like an herb;
He will spread like seed,
And set fire to Ardross.)[2]
“Mhac Shimidh ball-dubh, a dh’fhagus an oighreachd gun an t-
oighre dligheach.” (Mac Shimidh (Lovat), the black-spotted, who will
leave the Estate without the rightful heir.) “An Sisealach claon ruadh,
a dh’fhagus an oighreachd gun an t-oighre dligheach.” (Chisholm,
the squint-eyed, who will leave the estate without the rightful heir.)
“An tighearna stòrach a dh’fhagus oighreachd Ghearrloch gun an t-
oighre dligheach.” (The buck-toothed laird who will leave the estate
of Gairloch without the rightful heir), are also fragments.
We do not know whether there has been any Lovat or Chisholm
with the peculiar personal characteristics mentioned by the Seer,[3]
and shall be glad to receive information on the point, as well as a
fuller and more particular version of the prophecy. We are aware,

however, that Sir Hector Mackenzie of Gairloch was buck-toothed,
and that he was always known among his tenants in the west, as
“An tighearna stòrach”. We heard old people maintaining that
Coinneach was correct even in this instance, and that his prediction
has been actually fulfilled; but, at present, we abstain from going
into that part of this family history which would throw light on the
subject. A gentleman is trying to assert rights to the Lovat estates at
the present moment.
Before proceeding to give such of the prophecies regarding the
family of Seaforth as have been so literally fulfilled in the later annals
of that once great and powerful house—the history of the family
being so intimately interwoven with, and being itself really the
fulfilment of the Seer’s predictions—it may interest the reader to
have a cursory glance at it from the earliest period in which the
family appears in history.

SKETCH OF THE FAMILY OF
SEAFORTH.
he most popularly-received theory regarding the
Mackenzies is that they are descended from an
Irishman of the name of Colinas Fitzgerald, son of
the Earl of Kildare or Desmond, who distinguished
himself by his bravery at the battle of Largs, in
1263. It is said that his courage and valour were
so singularly distinguished that King Alexander the
Third took him under his special protection, and granted him a
charter of the lands of Kintail, in Wester Ross, bearing date from
Kincardine, January the 9th, 1263.
According to the fragmentary “Record of Icolmkill,” upon which the
claim of the Irish origin of the clan is founded, a personage,
described as “Peregrinus et Hibernus nobilis ex familia
Geraldinorum”—that is “a noble stranger and Hibernian, of the family
of the Geraldines”—being driven from Ireland with a considerable
number of his followers was, about 1261, very graciously received by
the King, and afterwards remained at his court. Having given
powerful aid to the Scots at the Battle of Largs, two years afterwards
he was rewarded by a grant of the lands of Kintail, which were
erected into a free barony by royal charter, dated as above
mentioned. Mr. Skene, however, says that no such document as this
Icolmkill Fragment was ever known to exist, as nobody has ever
seen it; and as for Alexander’s charter, he declares (Highlanders, vol.
ii., p. 235) that it “bears the most palpable marks of having been a
forgery of a later date, and one by no means happy in the
execution”. Besides, the words “Colino Hiberno” contained in it do
not prove this Colin to have been an Irishman, as Hiberni was at that
period a common appellation for the Gael of Scotland. Burke, in the

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