Immunization
- 1. IMMUNIZATION Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh MPH-3rd Batch School of Health & Allied Sciences (SHAS) Pokhara University (P.U) 17/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 2. Introduction • Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. • Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease. 27/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 3. Types of immunization • Active immunization • Natural active immunization • Artificial active immunization • Passive immunization • Natural passive immunization • Artificial passive immunization 37/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 4. Types of vaccines • Live attenuated vaccines: BCG, Oral polio, Measles, Rubella etc. • Inactivated vaccines: Rabies, Salk (polio), Hepatitis B, JE, Influenza etc • Toxiod vaccines: Diptheria, Tetanus 47/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 6. Benefits of immunization • Prevention of deadly and debilitating diseases. • Keeps child from suffering through a preventable illness. • Saves money • Less doctor visits. • No hospitalization • Less time off work • Herd immunity: those who are vaccinated keep it from spreading. 67/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 9. What is EPI? • Extended program on immunization (EPI) is a WHO program, with the goal to make vaccines available to all children throughout the world. 97/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 11. NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE 117/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 12. Immunization coverage by antigens doses FY 2073/74 127/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 14. Antigens wise national coverage for FY 2071/72 to 2073/74 147/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 15. VACCINE WASTAGE RATE: 157/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 16. Problems /constraints • Poor quality immunization data: Under and over reporting • Poor Inventory keeping and distribution system • Unplanned immunization month celebration • Poor Cold Chain and Vaccine management • Inadequate CC Equipment and inadequate repair, maintenance and replacement, lack of technician • Inadequate Vaccine Store Capacity specially central level 167/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 17. Actions to be taken • Joint supportive supervision of Immunization as per HMIS. • Strengthen supportive supervision at all levels. • Update inventory of cold chain equipment with their cold chain capacity and vaccine, syringes, diluents etc. and use of stock control register. • Maintain maximum and minimum stock level. Always make vaccine requisition by deducting the stock at hand from maximum stock level of vaccine/syringes/diluents at all levels. 177/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 18. • Utilize immunization month as an opportunity to intensify routine immunization activities especially to ensure full immunization. • Effective implementation of EVM training at all level. • Provision of engineer and refrigerator technician at regional / provincial level. • Supply of cold chain spare parts. Replacement of ageing equipment regular repair of cold chain equipment. • Strengthen the vaccine stores with new buildings in central store 187/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH
- 19. References • Park K. Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine. 19th edition. Jabalpur(India):Banarsidas Bhanot; 2007. p95-102. • DoHS, Annual Report 2073/74 (2016/2017) 197/5/2018 Aslam Aman_MPH