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Integrated Science M4 Cycles in Nature

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This document discusses natural cycles including the oxygen, carbon, water, and nitrogen cycles. It begins with introducing the objectives and importance of understanding these cycles. It then covers the oxygen cycle in detail, explaining that oxygen cycles through various forms as it is used in respiration and photosynthesis by plants and animals, and is also present in compounds like carbon dioxide and water. The carbon cycle is similarly explained, noting that carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are increased by human activities like burning fossil fuels.

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OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature Module 4Module 4  Unit 2Unit 2  Lesson 7Lesson 7 Integrated ScienceIntegrated Science BEGINBEGIN
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature Introductory Question Think about the question “What’s missing from the diagram below?” What’s Missing? You should be able to answer this question at the end of the presentation.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature INTRODUCTION  This slide presentation looks at cycles’ of various elements and compounds that are important for the survival of living organisms within their environments.  Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen cycles are explored in this unit on the Terrestrial Environment, but we will also briefly integrate the Water cycle, which is taken from the next unit on the Aquatic Environment, but we’ll also explore it further in that unit.  As you go through these slides, reflect on the importance of these inter-related cycles for the survival of living organisms and Earth.  You can access various subtopics in the Menu at the top of the slide. 3
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature OBJECTIVES On completing this slide presentation, you should be able to: 1.state what is meant by a ‘cycle’ in nature. 2.describe with annotated diagrams each of the following cycles: oxygen, carbon, water and nitrogen. 3.discuss the importance of each cycle to organisms in the terrestrial environment. 4.search for information and share ideas. 4 NOTE: For some activities, you will be asked to type your responses in boxes. To do so, you must be in Slide Show View. You can enter and delete text in the box in Slide Show View.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 1 - Cycles in Nature: Activity 1.1 The condition we call ‘life’ is sustained because of the interactions and intra-actions occurring between biotic and biotic components in the natural and the built environment. Question 1. Watch this video for an overview of these interactions and to begin to understand why various cycles are important. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJ6VtduDSyY&feature=relmfu Question 2. From the video, how would you define a natural cycle? 5
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 1 - Cycles in Nature: Activity 1.1 Question 2. From the video, how would you define a natural cycle? 6 In nature, when things happen over and over again, involving interactions between the same processes and/or components such as living organisms and materials, we call that a natural cycle. Click here for possible answers.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 1 - Cycles in Nature: Activity 1.1 Question 3. Listen to the song and read the words also, to find out what are some cycles in nature, at > http://tinyurl.com/br3bcwd Question 4. What are the natural cycles mentioned in the song? 7 Answer to 4. Oxygen, Nitrogen and Water cyclesClick here for possible answers.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 1 - Cycles in Nature: Activity 1.1 Question 5. Natural cycles are often referred to as ‘biogeochemical’ cycles. Explain the meaning. 8 Answer to 5. bio = plants, animals and including bacteria. geo = rocks and soils; chemical = elements, compounds. So, the term ‘biogeochemical’ refers to cycles that involve the continuous cycling of chemicals through both the biotic and abiotic environments. Click here for possible answers.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle  “Oxygen (a gas) is one of the major components found in the atmosphere of the Earth.” It makes up over twenty percent of the Earth's atmosphere. 50% of the Earth's crust is made up of oxygen.  You never find oxygen floating around as individual atoms. Oxygen is always with other elements…. “ and it is involved in many cycles.”  Oxygen cycles through Earth’s environment in several forms. It can be dissolved in the air or in water.  Read about oxygen at > http://www.geography4kids.com/files/cycles_oxygen.html 9
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle: What is Oxygen? 1. Name 4 common compounds with oxygen. 10 Feedback: Example – apart from atmospheric oxygen = O2, we find oxygen as O3 = ozone; in CO2 = carbon dioxide, in H2O= water and in sugars = C6H12O6. During respiration plants and animals use O2. It is returned to the air and water as carbon dioxide(CO2). Through photosynthesis, plants convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates, and oxygen is released. Click here for possible answers.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle: What is Oxygen? 2. Do you recall the processes of photosynthesis and respiration? Write a balanced chemical equation for each process. Write a word equation below each. 11 Click here for possible answers.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle  The oxygen cycle is the continuous cycling or circulation of oxygen through the non-living environment and the biochemical processes that go on in living animals and plants. (It) “describes the movement of O2 within … the atmosphere … within the biosphere and the lithosphere (Earth's crust).  “The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for the modern Earth's atmosphere and life as we know it…” Respiration is also involved in the cycling process. Ref.> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_cycle 1. Click / watch this video but pause it at 2.21 to look at the cycle> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUVX5rg1E0I 12
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle 2. Having paused the video, carefully examine the oxygen cycle given at the end. Then also, look back critically now at the second slide and say if that diagram and the video diagram adequately represent the oxygen cycle. 3. Decide within your group: Is anything missing in either of the diagrams? 13 Feedback: They do not show that plants also respire and use oxygen during respiration. 4. Now, check if the cycle on the next slide more accurately reflects the cycling of oxygen. Click here for possible answer.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle 14 We can correctly draw an oxygen cycle as below. Oxygen Respiration in animals Respiration in plants Tell your teacher how this cycle differs from the one on the slide 2! Is this one more/less accurate? Explain!
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle - Why is Oxygen needed? Oxygen is needed/used up or stored in ‘sinks’ for all kinds of processes that occur in organic/inorganic matter, e.g: 1.Living plants and animals use oxygen for aerobic respiration all throughout life to release the energy, stored in food, that they require. Organisms take in/use up oxygen (and pass out carbon dioxide). 2.The burning/combustion of fossil fuels/biomass, e.g. coal, gas, oil, to release energy, requires/uses oxygen. 3.Processes such as the rusting/oxidation of metals uses oxygen. 4.The decomposition by bacteria of organic matter from dead organisms is a process that uses oxygen. 15Go to slide 16.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle: How is Oxygen produced? Oxygen is produced (source)..… 1.By Plants – during the process of photosynthesis, both land plants and phytoplankton use carbon dioxide, the energy of sunlight, and water to create food molecules in which energy is stored. In the process they also ‘create’ oxygen which is released into the air through the leaf stomata. 2. By sunlight – “An additional source of atmospheric free oxygen comes from photolysis, whereby high energy ultraviolet radiation breaks down atmospheric water (vapour) and nitrous oxide into component atoms. The free H and N atoms escape into space leaving O2 in the atmosphere.” 3.The weathering of rock also releases oxygen to the air. 16
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - The Carbon Cycle: Activity 3.1 1. Watch the video from the list on the next slide that has been assigned to your group. 2. Based on the video, answer these questions: a. Carbon cycles through the environment usually as a gas. What percent of the air is carbon dioxide? b. What are the main sources of carbon? c. How is carbon mainly used in the environment? d. What is the Carbon cycle? e. Do humans influence or affect the carbon cycle in any negative way? Explain. 17
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 1  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3SZKJVKRxQ&feature=relat  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-lcEXI7al4&feature=related  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0-Vj4CQrJ8&feature=relate  Read the text/watch the animation on pages 1 – 4 from > http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gatewa  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Vwa6qtEih8  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xV3rYB79lcU&feature=relate  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzImo8kSXiU 18
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 2a 19 Feedback to 2. a) CO2 = 0.03% See pie chart at right. Questions 2. a) Carbon cycles through the environment usually as a gas. What percent of the air is carbon dioxide? Click here for possible answer.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature Question 2 b) What are the main sources of CO2? 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 2b 20 Feedback to 2 b) Sources of CO2 Respiration by animals and plants produces carbon dioxide which is released into the atmosphere as a by-product. Release from volcanoes, hot springs and geysers and carbonate rocks also contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Combustion e.g. fires and in engines release the carbon dioxide that was stored in fossil fuels back into the atmosphere. Click here for possible answer.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 2c Question 2 c) How is carbon mainly used in the environment? 21 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION Feedback to 2c) Use of CO2 = One quarter of the atmospheric CO2 is used up by plants, algae and certain bacteria in photosynthesis where it becomes part of carbohydrate substances. Absorption of another quarter occurs into large water bodies such as oceans/seas. Click here for possible answer.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 2d Question 2d) What is the Carbon cycle? 22 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION Feedback to 2 d) The Carbon cycle “is a complex series of processes through which all of the carbon atoms in existence rotate” or are circulated between the biotic and abiotic components of the terrestrial and aquatic environments. Ref.> http://library.thinkquest.org/11226/why.htm Click here for possible answer.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 2e Question 2e) Do humans influence or affect the carbon cycle in any negative way? Explain. 23 23 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION 2. e) “Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and it traps heat in the atmosphere. Without it and other greenhouse gases, Earth would be a frozen world. But humans have burned so much fuel that there is about 30% more carbon dioxide in the air today than there was about 150 years ago, and Earth is becoming a warmer place. In fact, ice cores show us that there is now more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere than there has been in the last 420,000 years.” Ref. > http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/green/cycles6.htm Click here for possible answer.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 3 3. Make a labeled diagram of the Carbon Cycle. 4. Report to the class when called on. 24 Feedback to 3. Look at the diagram on the next slide to determine if your diagram shows these processes, organisms and materials. Click here for possible answer.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Questions 5 & 6 5. From the quality of the information that each group was able to access and report on, do you think all websites are equally useful for searching for information? Explain to your teacher. 6. How can you decide the best website from which to get content information? 25 Feedback 5. No. All websites do not give comprehensive enough information. 6. One should search several websites and compare the information given at each. Click here for possible answer.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3: The Carbon Cycle 26
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 4 - The Water (Hydrologic) cycle 27 Examine the diagram of the Water cycle. Note the processes.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 4 - The Water Cycle 1. What chemical processes are involved in the Water Cycle? 2. Green land plants are involved in one of those three processes, and it is named on the diagram. What is the process? 3. What is the importance of infiltration of precipitation into the soil and also ground water storage? 4. What form does precipitation take? 28
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 4 - The Water Cycle Feedback to Questions: 1.The processes are: precipitation, infiltration into soil, evaporation, transpiration, run-off and condensation. 2.Green land plants are involved in transpiration. 3.Water will seep into the soil spaces and remain there to be available for absorption by plants to be used in photosynthesis and other life processes. It also can percolate into springs and other water bodies and form habitats for organisms and also evaporate and re-enter the water cycle. 4.Precipitation can be liquid water , i.e rain, or it can be snow. 29
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 5 - The Nitrogen Cycle  Most of the nitrogen found in any terrestrial environment came initially from the atmosphere, where it forms about 78% of the atmosphere. But, while nitrogen is crucial for any life on Earth, most of this atmospheric nitrogen cannot be used directly by either plants or animals. Nitrogen gas must be converted or ‘fixed’ to other forms to be useful for ‘higher’ plants and animals.  This happens in the nitrogen cycle. Watch this explanation of processes/ organisms involved in cycling nitrogen through its various forms so that plants and animals an can use it> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=372K0jyO0hQ 30
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 31 Nitrogen Fixation by Lightning, Examine the diagram of the Nitrogen cycle. Note the processes. 5 - The Nitrogen Cycle - Diagram
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 5 - Processes involved in the Nitrogen cycle The main processes of the nitrogen cycle are: 32 Ammonification - When plants and animals die, various bacteria and fungi decompose these dead organisms and also animal wastes, into NH4OH, i.e. they cause decay. Denitrification - anaerobic bacteria break down nitrates (NO3- ) into nitrogen gas (N2) Nitrification - bacteria change ammonium (NH4+ ) into nitrites (NO2- ) then into nitrates (NO3- ). Nitrogen fixation - bacteria living in the root nodules of legumes, convert nitrogen gas (N2) into organic compounds that plants can use. The energy of lightning and also industrial processes can also “fix” atmospheric nitrogen gas i.e. atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen combine to form nitrate ions.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature SUMMARY  Watch this video and listen carefully, and reflect on whether and how your activities impact either positively or negatively the various cycles you’ve learned about and ultimately the environment.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDBU0lg-HYE  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbBgPekjiyc 33
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW & QUIZ  Are you ready to test yourself?  There are REVIEW Activities and multiple choice (M.C.) items that you are required to answer.  For each M.C. item, click on the letter of the correct response and then click the button ‘NEXT QUESTION’ to continue.  Click the green ‘BEGIN QUIZ ‘ button to start. 34 34 BEGIN QUIZ!
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW Activity 1 - The Oxygen Cycle 1. Which two main processes keep O2 cycling in our environment? 35 Feedback: Respiration and photosynthesis. Click here for possible answer.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 36 REVIEW Activity 1 - The Oxygen Cycle 2. Look at the diagram on the right and write a brief description of the Oxygen cycle. Click to see answers.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW Activity 1 - The Oxygen Cycle Feedback to Question 2. Write a brief description of the Oxygen cycle. Oxygen is always present in the atmosphere/air. Some is formed when sunlight splits atmospheric water (called photolysis) to release oxygen. Most oxygen comes from green terrestrial plants, and also from aquatic plants and phytoplankton that give off oxygen during photosynthesis. Land plants and animals absorb atmospheric oxygen and use it during respiration, and, like land organisms, aquatic organisms also use oxygen (dissolved in the water) for respiration Apart from its use in respiration, oxygen is also used in processes of oxidation e.g. rusting of metals and in fires, as well as in decomposition of organic material when animals and plants die. 37 37
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW Activity 2 Changed by lightning, industrial activities and by bacteria Atmospher ic nitrogen In the box below, write the name of this cycle and processes numbered 1-6. 3 6 5 4 1 2 Click to see answers.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW Activity 2 - Answers Changed by lightning, industrial activities and by bacteria Atmospher ic nitrogen Name of this cycle: Nitrogen Cycle 3 6 5 4 1 2 1 = absorption & assimilation; 2 = denitrification; 3 = digestion; 4 = nitrification; 5 = nitrogen fixation; 6 = ammonification
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW Activity 3 a) Type the name of this cycle in the box: b) Type the name of the process occurring at each numbered stage. 40 Feedback: 4 a)The Water or Hydrologic cycle. 4 b) 1. = Condensation; 2. = Evaporation; 3. = Precipitation.Click here for answers.
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature QUIZ: M.C Question 1 Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly completes this statement: In the water cycle, the conversion of liquid water to a gaseous form of water called water vapor is __________ . 41 41 B. photosynthesis D. condensation C. transpiration A. evaporation FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature QUIZ: M.C Question 1 Feedback to M.C. Question 1: The conversion of liquid water to a gaseous form of water called water vapor is A = evaporation is correct. The word ‘vapour’ should have given you a clue to the answer! Check the Glossary in your SIM to find the meaning of the other three words, if you are not certain of them or if you got this question wrong. 42 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature QUIZ: M.C. Question 2 Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly completes this statement: Decomposers are important in the terrestrial environment because… 43 43 A. they convert energy into sugars and release carbon dioxide. B. they consume energy from producers and produce large volumes of carbon dioxide. C. they produce energy from sunlight. D. they convert wastes into inorganic components for producers to use. FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature Quiz: M.C. Question 2  Feedback to M.C. Question 2 : Decomposers are important in the terrestrial environment because… D. they convert wastes into inorganic components for producers to use.  D is correct – earlier, when looking at soil biota, you learned about the important role of decomposers, such as bacteria, protozoa and fungi, in breaking down and ‘decaying’ dead organic material in or on the soil. They use some of the materials for their own life processes e.g. to get energy, and other materials are released into soil and recycled as nutrients which plants can absorb. 44 44 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature QUIZ: M.C. Question 3 Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly completes this statement: If plants are to use nitrogen, it must be_____. 45 45 A. converted to oxygen. D. spilt into two atoms. C. released into the atmosphere by animals. B. fixed by bacteria. FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature Quiz: M.C. Question 3  Feedback to M.C. Question 3: If plants are to use nitrogen, it must be B. fixed by bacteria.  B is correct - Remember you’ve learned that plants cannot use free atmospheric nitrogen, so processes of nitrification convert or ‘fix’ it.  Bacteria oxidize NH4OH to produce nitrites then nitrates and plants can then absorb the nitrates and use it during photosynthesis. 46 46 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature End of Activity  You have reached the end of the slide set and Quiz activities.  If you wish to review any of the concepts in this lesson, go to the first slide and click on the topic.  If you have finished viewing the slides for this lesson, click the Close (X) button. 47 47
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature CREDITS All retrieved on-line 9th November 2012  http://water.me.vccs.edu/concepts/oxycycle.html  http://www.gov.mb.ca/conservation/sustain/cycle.pdf  http://www.geography4kids.com/files/cycles_oxygen.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photolysis  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_cycle  http://www.fossweb.com/resources/pictures/488256817.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Photosynthesis_equation.svg  http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration  http://www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?dbID=27&detID=1186  http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011/rocks _metals/6_clean_air1.shtml  http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/green/cycles6.htm  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water_cycle.png  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_cycle  http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx?P=WQ252 48
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature CREDITS All retrieved on-line 9th November 2012  http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0159-the- carbon-cycle.php  http://littlemiros.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/captura.jpg 49
OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature QUICK QUIZ - Equations 50 50 Feedback to Question 2: Write a balanced chemical equation for each process. Write a word equation below each. Equation for photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide and water combine using light energy to form sugar and oxygen Equation for respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Glucose and Oxygen combine to give Carbon dioxide and Water and Energy

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Integrated Science M4 Cycles in Nature

  • 1. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature Module 4Module 4  Unit 2Unit 2  Lesson 7Lesson 7 Integrated ScienceIntegrated Science BEGINBEGIN
  • 2. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature Introductory Question Think about the question “What’s missing from the diagram below?” What’s Missing? You should be able to answer this question at the end of the presentation.
  • 3. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature INTRODUCTION  This slide presentation looks at cycles’ of various elements and compounds that are important for the survival of living organisms within their environments.  Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen cycles are explored in this unit on the Terrestrial Environment, but we will also briefly integrate the Water cycle, which is taken from the next unit on the Aquatic Environment, but we’ll also explore it further in that unit.  As you go through these slides, reflect on the importance of these inter-related cycles for the survival of living organisms and Earth.  You can access various subtopics in the Menu at the top of the slide. 3
  • 4. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature OBJECTIVES On completing this slide presentation, you should be able to: 1.state what is meant by a ‘cycle’ in nature. 2.describe with annotated diagrams each of the following cycles: oxygen, carbon, water and nitrogen. 3.discuss the importance of each cycle to organisms in the terrestrial environment. 4.search for information and share ideas. 4 NOTE: For some activities, you will be asked to type your responses in boxes. To do so, you must be in Slide Show View. You can enter and delete text in the box in Slide Show View.
  • 5. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 1 - Cycles in Nature: Activity 1.1 The condition we call ‘life’ is sustained because of the interactions and intra-actions occurring between biotic and biotic components in the natural and the built environment. Question 1. Watch this video for an overview of these interactions and to begin to understand why various cycles are important. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJ6VtduDSyY&feature=relmfu Question 2. From the video, how would you define a natural cycle? 5
  • 6. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 1 - Cycles in Nature: Activity 1.1 Question 2. From the video, how would you define a natural cycle? 6 In nature, when things happen over and over again, involving interactions between the same processes and/or components such as living organisms and materials, we call that a natural cycle. Click here for possible answers.
  • 7. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 1 - Cycles in Nature: Activity 1.1 Question 3. Listen to the song and read the words also, to find out what are some cycles in nature, at > http://tinyurl.com/br3bcwd Question 4. What are the natural cycles mentioned in the song? 7 Answer to 4. Oxygen, Nitrogen and Water cyclesClick here for possible answers.
  • 8. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 1 - Cycles in Nature: Activity 1.1 Question 5. Natural cycles are often referred to as ‘biogeochemical’ cycles. Explain the meaning. 8 Answer to 5. bio = plants, animals and including bacteria. geo = rocks and soils; chemical = elements, compounds. So, the term ‘biogeochemical’ refers to cycles that involve the continuous cycling of chemicals through both the biotic and abiotic environments. Click here for possible answers.
  • 9. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle  “Oxygen (a gas) is one of the major components found in the atmosphere of the Earth.” It makes up over twenty percent of the Earth's atmosphere. 50% of the Earth's crust is made up of oxygen.  You never find oxygen floating around as individual atoms. Oxygen is always with other elements…. “ and it is involved in many cycles.”  Oxygen cycles through Earth’s environment in several forms. It can be dissolved in the air or in water.  Read about oxygen at > http://www.geography4kids.com/files/cycles_oxygen.html 9
  • 10. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle: What is Oxygen? 1. Name 4 common compounds with oxygen. 10 Feedback: Example – apart from atmospheric oxygen = O2, we find oxygen as O3 = ozone; in CO2 = carbon dioxide, in H2O= water and in sugars = C6H12O6. During respiration plants and animals use O2. It is returned to the air and water as carbon dioxide(CO2). Through photosynthesis, plants convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates, and oxygen is released. Click here for possible answers.
  • 11. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle: What is Oxygen? 2. Do you recall the processes of photosynthesis and respiration? Write a balanced chemical equation for each process. Write a word equation below each. 11 Click here for possible answers.
  • 12. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle  The oxygen cycle is the continuous cycling or circulation of oxygen through the non-living environment and the biochemical processes that go on in living animals and plants. (It) “describes the movement of O2 within … the atmosphere … within the biosphere and the lithosphere (Earth's crust).  “The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for the modern Earth's atmosphere and life as we know it…” Respiration is also involved in the cycling process. Ref.> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_cycle 1. Click / watch this video but pause it at 2.21 to look at the cycle> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUVX5rg1E0I 12
  • 13. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle 2. Having paused the video, carefully examine the oxygen cycle given at the end. Then also, look back critically now at the second slide and say if that diagram and the video diagram adequately represent the oxygen cycle. 3. Decide within your group: Is anything missing in either of the diagrams? 13 Feedback: They do not show that plants also respire and use oxygen during respiration. 4. Now, check if the cycle on the next slide more accurately reflects the cycling of oxygen. Click here for possible answer.
  • 14. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle 14 We can correctly draw an oxygen cycle as below. Oxygen Respiration in animals Respiration in plants Tell your teacher how this cycle differs from the one on the slide 2! Is this one more/less accurate? Explain!
  • 15. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle - Why is Oxygen needed? Oxygen is needed/used up or stored in ‘sinks’ for all kinds of processes that occur in organic/inorganic matter, e.g: 1.Living plants and animals use oxygen for aerobic respiration all throughout life to release the energy, stored in food, that they require. Organisms take in/use up oxygen (and pass out carbon dioxide). 2.The burning/combustion of fossil fuels/biomass, e.g. coal, gas, oil, to release energy, requires/uses oxygen. 3.Processes such as the rusting/oxidation of metals uses oxygen. 4.The decomposition by bacteria of organic matter from dead organisms is a process that uses oxygen. 15Go to slide 16.
  • 16. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 2 - The Oxygen Cycle: How is Oxygen produced? Oxygen is produced (source)..… 1.By Plants – during the process of photosynthesis, both land plants and phytoplankton use carbon dioxide, the energy of sunlight, and water to create food molecules in which energy is stored. In the process they also ‘create’ oxygen which is released into the air through the leaf stomata. 2. By sunlight – “An additional source of atmospheric free oxygen comes from photolysis, whereby high energy ultraviolet radiation breaks down atmospheric water (vapour) and nitrous oxide into component atoms. The free H and N atoms escape into space leaving O2 in the atmosphere.” 3.The weathering of rock also releases oxygen to the air. 16
  • 17. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - The Carbon Cycle: Activity 3.1 1. Watch the video from the list on the next slide that has been assigned to your group. 2. Based on the video, answer these questions: a. Carbon cycles through the environment usually as a gas. What percent of the air is carbon dioxide? b. What are the main sources of carbon? c. How is carbon mainly used in the environment? d. What is the Carbon cycle? e. Do humans influence or affect the carbon cycle in any negative way? Explain. 17
  • 18. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 1  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3SZKJVKRxQ&feature=relat  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-lcEXI7al4&feature=related  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0-Vj4CQrJ8&feature=relate  Read the text/watch the animation on pages 1 – 4 from > http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gatewa  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Vwa6qtEih8  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xV3rYB79lcU&feature=relate  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzImo8kSXiU 18
  • 19. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 2a 19 Feedback to 2. a) CO2 = 0.03% See pie chart at right. Questions 2. a) Carbon cycles through the environment usually as a gas. What percent of the air is carbon dioxide? Click here for possible answer.
  • 20. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature Question 2 b) What are the main sources of CO2? 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 2b 20 Feedback to 2 b) Sources of CO2 Respiration by animals and plants produces carbon dioxide which is released into the atmosphere as a by-product. Release from volcanoes, hot springs and geysers and carbonate rocks also contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Combustion e.g. fires and in engines release the carbon dioxide that was stored in fossil fuels back into the atmosphere. Click here for possible answer.
  • 21. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 2c Question 2 c) How is carbon mainly used in the environment? 21 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION Feedback to 2c) Use of CO2 = One quarter of the atmospheric CO2 is used up by plants, algae and certain bacteria in photosynthesis where it becomes part of carbohydrate substances. Absorption of another quarter occurs into large water bodies such as oceans/seas. Click here for possible answer.
  • 22. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 2d Question 2d) What is the Carbon cycle? 22 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION Feedback to 2 d) The Carbon cycle “is a complex series of processes through which all of the carbon atoms in existence rotate” or are circulated between the biotic and abiotic components of the terrestrial and aquatic environments. Ref.> http://library.thinkquest.org/11226/why.htm Click here for possible answer.
  • 23. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 2e Question 2e) Do humans influence or affect the carbon cycle in any negative way? Explain. 23 23 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION 2. e) “Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and it traps heat in the atmosphere. Without it and other greenhouse gases, Earth would be a frozen world. But humans have burned so much fuel that there is about 30% more carbon dioxide in the air today than there was about 150 years ago, and Earth is becoming a warmer place. In fact, ice cores show us that there is now more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere than there has been in the last 420,000 years.” Ref. > http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/green/cycles6.htm Click here for possible answer.
  • 24. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Question 3 3. Make a labeled diagram of the Carbon Cycle. 4. Report to the class when called on. 24 Feedback to 3. Look at the diagram on the next slide to determine if your diagram shows these processes, organisms and materials. Click here for possible answer.
  • 25. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 3 - Activity 3.1: Questions 5 & 6 5. From the quality of the information that each group was able to access and report on, do you think all websites are equally useful for searching for information? Explain to your teacher. 6. How can you decide the best website from which to get content information? 25 Feedback 5. No. All websites do not give comprehensive enough information. 6. One should search several websites and compare the information given at each. Click here for possible answer.
  • 27. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 4 - The Water (Hydrologic) cycle 27 Examine the diagram of the Water cycle. Note the processes.
  • 28. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 4 - The Water Cycle 1. What chemical processes are involved in the Water Cycle? 2. Green land plants are involved in one of those three processes, and it is named on the diagram. What is the process? 3. What is the importance of infiltration of precipitation into the soil and also ground water storage? 4. What form does precipitation take? 28
  • 29. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 4 - The Water Cycle Feedback to Questions: 1.The processes are: precipitation, infiltration into soil, evaporation, transpiration, run-off and condensation. 2.Green land plants are involved in transpiration. 3.Water will seep into the soil spaces and remain there to be available for absorption by plants to be used in photosynthesis and other life processes. It also can percolate into springs and other water bodies and form habitats for organisms and also evaporate and re-enter the water cycle. 4.Precipitation can be liquid water , i.e rain, or it can be snow. 29
  • 30. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 5 - The Nitrogen Cycle  Most of the nitrogen found in any terrestrial environment came initially from the atmosphere, where it forms about 78% of the atmosphere. But, while nitrogen is crucial for any life on Earth, most of this atmospheric nitrogen cannot be used directly by either plants or animals. Nitrogen gas must be converted or ‘fixed’ to other forms to be useful for ‘higher’ plants and animals.  This happens in the nitrogen cycle. Watch this explanation of processes/ organisms involved in cycling nitrogen through its various forms so that plants and animals an can use it> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=372K0jyO0hQ 30
  • 31. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 31 Nitrogen Fixation by Lightning, Examine the diagram of the Nitrogen cycle. Note the processes. 5 - The Nitrogen Cycle - Diagram
  • 32. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 5 - Processes involved in the Nitrogen cycle The main processes of the nitrogen cycle are: 32 Ammonification - When plants and animals die, various bacteria and fungi decompose these dead organisms and also animal wastes, into NH4OH, i.e. they cause decay. Denitrification - anaerobic bacteria break down nitrates (NO3- ) into nitrogen gas (N2) Nitrification - bacteria change ammonium (NH4+ ) into nitrites (NO2- ) then into nitrates (NO3- ). Nitrogen fixation - bacteria living in the root nodules of legumes, convert nitrogen gas (N2) into organic compounds that plants can use. The energy of lightning and also industrial processes can also “fix” atmospheric nitrogen gas i.e. atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen combine to form nitrate ions.
  • 33. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature SUMMARY  Watch this video and listen carefully, and reflect on whether and how your activities impact either positively or negatively the various cycles you’ve learned about and ultimately the environment.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDBU0lg-HYE  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbBgPekjiyc 33
  • 34. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW & QUIZ  Are you ready to test yourself?  There are REVIEW Activities and multiple choice (M.C.) items that you are required to answer.  For each M.C. item, click on the letter of the correct response and then click the button ‘NEXT QUESTION’ to continue.  Click the green ‘BEGIN QUIZ ‘ button to start. 34 34 BEGIN QUIZ!
  • 35. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW Activity 1 - The Oxygen Cycle 1. Which two main processes keep O2 cycling in our environment? 35 Feedback: Respiration and photosynthesis. Click here for possible answer.
  • 36. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature 36 REVIEW Activity 1 - The Oxygen Cycle 2. Look at the diagram on the right and write a brief description of the Oxygen cycle. Click to see answers.
  • 37. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW Activity 1 - The Oxygen Cycle Feedback to Question 2. Write a brief description of the Oxygen cycle. Oxygen is always present in the atmosphere/air. Some is formed when sunlight splits atmospheric water (called photolysis) to release oxygen. Most oxygen comes from green terrestrial plants, and also from aquatic plants and phytoplankton that give off oxygen during photosynthesis. Land plants and animals absorb atmospheric oxygen and use it during respiration, and, like land organisms, aquatic organisms also use oxygen (dissolved in the water) for respiration Apart from its use in respiration, oxygen is also used in processes of oxidation e.g. rusting of metals and in fires, as well as in decomposition of organic material when animals and plants die. 37 37
  • 38. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW Activity 2 Changed by lightning, industrial activities and by bacteria Atmospher ic nitrogen In the box below, write the name of this cycle and processes numbered 1-6. 3 6 5 4 1 2 Click to see answers.
  • 39. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW Activity 2 - Answers Changed by lightning, industrial activities and by bacteria Atmospher ic nitrogen Name of this cycle: Nitrogen Cycle 3 6 5 4 1 2 1 = absorption & assimilation; 2 = denitrification; 3 = digestion; 4 = nitrification; 5 = nitrogen fixation; 6 = ammonification
  • 40. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature REVIEW Activity 3 a) Type the name of this cycle in the box: b) Type the name of the process occurring at each numbered stage. 40 Feedback: 4 a)The Water or Hydrologic cycle. 4 b) 1. = Condensation; 2. = Evaporation; 3. = Precipitation.Click here for answers.
  • 41. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature QUIZ: M.C Question 1 Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly completes this statement: In the water cycle, the conversion of liquid water to a gaseous form of water called water vapor is __________ . 41 41 B. photosynthesis D. condensation C. transpiration A. evaporation FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
  • 42. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature QUIZ: M.C Question 1 Feedback to M.C. Question 1: The conversion of liquid water to a gaseous form of water called water vapor is A = evaporation is correct. The word ‘vapour’ should have given you a clue to the answer! Check the Glossary in your SIM to find the meaning of the other three words, if you are not certain of them or if you got this question wrong. 42 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
  • 43. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature QUIZ: M.C. Question 2 Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly completes this statement: Decomposers are important in the terrestrial environment because… 43 43 A. they convert energy into sugars and release carbon dioxide. B. they consume energy from producers and produce large volumes of carbon dioxide. C. they produce energy from sunlight. D. they convert wastes into inorganic components for producers to use. FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
  • 44. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature Quiz: M.C. Question 2  Feedback to M.C. Question 2 : Decomposers are important in the terrestrial environment because… D. they convert wastes into inorganic components for producers to use.  D is correct – earlier, when looking at soil biota, you learned about the important role of decomposers, such as bacteria, protozoa and fungi, in breaking down and ‘decaying’ dead organic material in or on the soil. They use some of the materials for their own life processes e.g. to get energy, and other materials are released into soil and recycled as nutrients which plants can absorb. 44 44 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
  • 45. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature QUIZ: M.C. Question 3 Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly completes this statement: If plants are to use nitrogen, it must be_____. 45 45 A. converted to oxygen. D. spilt into two atoms. C. released into the atmosphere by animals. B. fixed by bacteria. FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
  • 46. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature Quiz: M.C. Question 3  Feedback to M.C. Question 3: If plants are to use nitrogen, it must be B. fixed by bacteria.  B is correct - Remember you’ve learned that plants cannot use free atmospheric nitrogen, so processes of nitrification convert or ‘fix’ it.  Bacteria oxidize NH4OH to produce nitrites then nitrates and plants can then absorb the nitrates and use it during photosynthesis. 46 46 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
  • 47. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature End of Activity  You have reached the end of the slide set and Quiz activities.  If you wish to review any of the concepts in this lesson, go to the first slide and click on the topic.  If you have finished viewing the slides for this lesson, click the Close (X) button. 47 47
  • 48. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature CREDITS All retrieved on-line 9th November 2012  http://water.me.vccs.edu/concepts/oxycycle.html  http://www.gov.mb.ca/conservation/sustain/cycle.pdf  http://www.geography4kids.com/files/cycles_oxygen.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photolysis  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_cycle  http://www.fossweb.com/resources/pictures/488256817.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Photosynthesis_equation.svg  http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration  http://www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?dbID=27&detID=1186  http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011/rocks _metals/6_clean_air1.shtml  http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/green/cycles6.htm  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water_cycle.png  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_cycle  http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx?P=WQ252 48
  • 49. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature CREDITS All retrieved on-line 9th November 2012  http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0159-the- carbon-cycle.php  http://littlemiros.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/captura.jpg 49
  • 50. OBJECTIVES Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle REVIEW & QUIZ INTRODUCTION x CYCLES IN NATURECYCLES IN NATURE Cycles in Nature QUICK QUIZ - Equations 50 50 Feedback to Question 2: Write a balanced chemical equation for each process. Write a word equation below each. Equation for photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide and water combine using light energy to form sugar and oxygen Equation for respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Glucose and Oxygen combine to give Carbon dioxide and Water and Energy

Editor's Notes

  • #2: Read this before viewing as slide show. Note. If you are using PowerPoint 2007, before you begin, look for the Security Warning below the ribbon, above this slide and click the Options button. In the Security Alert box, click “Enable This Content”. If the Security Warning does not appear, then view the presentation as Slide Show. If you are using PowerPoint 2013, look below the ribbon. If you see a Security Warning, click Enable Content before viewing in Slide Show View. http://water.me.vccs.edu/concepts/oxycycle.html
  • #3: http://water.me.vccs.edu/concepts/oxycycle.html
  • #10: http://www.geography4kids.com/files/cycles_oxygen.html
  • #11: http://www.geography4kids.com/files/cycles_oxygen.html Credit: Amy Todd; Retrieved on-line from > http://www.fossweb.com/resources/pictures/488256817.html
  • #12: http://www.geography4kids.com/files/cycles_oxygen.html Credit: Amy Todd; Retrieved on-line from > http://www.fossweb.com/resources/pictures/488256817.html
  • #13: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_cycle
  • #15: Source of image (modified) > http://water.me.vccs.edu/concepts/oxycycle.html
  • #17: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photolysis
  • #20: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011/rocks_metals/6_clean_air1.shtml
  • #21: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011/rocks_metals/6_clean_air1.shtml
  • #27: Modified from > http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0159-the-carbon-cycle.php
  • #28: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Watercycle.shtml
  • #31: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_cycle
  • #32: http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/880035.png
  • #33: http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/bcycles.htm
  • #37: Modified from > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oxygen_cycle.svg
  • #39: Modified from > http://www.dr-evans.com/advancedbiology/the_nitrogen_cycle.html
  • #40: Modified from > http://www.dr-evans.com/advancedbiology/the_nitrogen_cycle.html
  • #41: http://littlemiros.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/captura.jpg
  • #42: Modified from > http://peer.tamu.edu/curriculum_modules/Environ_Hazard/Teacherpages/Module_1/welcomeworld_PostTest.htm
  • #44: Modified from > http://peer.tamu.edu/curriculum_modules/Environ_Hazard/Teacherpages/Module_1/welcomeworld_PostTest.htm
  • #46: Modified from > http://peer.tamu.edu/curriculum_modules/Environ_Hazard/Teacherpages/Module_1/welcomeworld_PostTest.htm
  • #51: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Photosynthesis_equation.svg http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration