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INTER PROCESS COMMUNICATION (IPC).pptx
- 2. IPC • Inter-process communication is the mechanism provided by the operating system that allows processes to communicate with each other. • This communication could involve a process letting another process know that some event has occurred or the transferring of data from one process to another.
- 3. SYNCHRONIZATION • Some of the methods to provide synchronization are as follows − • Semaphore: A semaphore is a variable that controls the access to a common resource by multiple processes. • Mutual Exclusion: Mutual exclusion requires that only one process thread can enter the critical section at a time. • Barrier: A barrier does not allow individual processes to proceed until all the processes reach it. • Spinlock: This is a type of lock. The processes trying to acquire this lock wait in a loop while checking if the lock is available or not.
- 4. APPROACHES
- 5. • A pipe is a data channel that is unidirectional. Two pipes can be used to create a two-way data channel between two processes. • Message Passing: • It is a mechanism for a process to communicate and synchronize. • Using message passing, the process communicates with each other without resorting to shared variables. PIPES
- 6. MESSAGE QUEUES • A message queue is a linked list of messages stored within the kernel. • It is identified by a message queue identifier. • This method offers communication between single or multiple processes with full-duplex capacity. • Message queues are quite useful for inter process communication and are used by most operating systems.
- 7. SHARED MEMORY • Shared memory is the memory that can be simultaneously accessed by multiple processes. This is done so that the processes can communicate with each other. • Shared memory is a memory shared between two or more processes that are established using shared memory between all the processes. • This type of memory requires to protected from each other by synchronizing access across all the processes.
- 8. DIRECT COMMUNICATION • In the Direct Communication, each process that wants to communicate must explicitly name the recipient or sender of the communication. • In this, process that want to communicate must name the sender or receiver. 1. A pair of communicating processes must have one link between them. 2. A link (generally bi-directional) establishes between every pair of communicating processes.
- 9. INDIRECT COMMUNICATION • Pairs of communicating processes have shared mailboxes. • Link (uni-directional or bi-directional) is established between pairs of processes. • Sender process puts the message in the port or mailbox of a receiver process and receiver process takes out (or deletes) the data from the mailbox. • A link can communicate with many processes. The link may be bi- directional or unidirectional.
- 10. FIFO • FIFOs (first-in, first-out) are a variation on a pipe that creates a more flexible communication structure. • FIFOs work by attaching a filename to the pipe. For this reason, FIFOs are also called named pipes as opposed to the anonymous pipes discussed previously. • FIFOs are created by one process that calls mkfifo().