INTRODUCING TO TYPES OF SHAPES
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This document defines and describes various two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. It explains key properties such as the number of dimensions, faces, edges, vertices and whether shapes have parallel or perpendicular sides. Specific shapes defined include cubes, spheres, cones, cylinders and pyramids. Plane shapes such as polygons, quadrilaterals, rectangles and triangles are also explained.
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INTRODUCING TO TYPES OF SHAPES
- 2. Two-dimensional Shapes (2D) These shapes are flat and can only be drawn on paper. They have two dimensions – length and width. They are sometimes called plane shapes.
- 3. Three-dimensional Shapes (3D) These shapes are solid or hollow. They have three dimensions – length, width and height.
- 4. Face Part of a shape that is flat.(Or curved) E.g. A cube has 6 of these.
- 5. Edge The line where two faces meet. E.g. A cube has 12 of these.
- 6. Vertex (Vertices) The place where three or more edges meet. This pyramid has 4 of these.
- 7. Parallel These type of lines stay the same distance apart for their whole length. They do not need to be straight or the same length.
- 8. Perpendicular A line that is drawn in a right angle to another line . In solid shapes edges could be at a right angle to one another. Faces could also be at right angles to one another.
- 9. Cube A three-dimensional shape which has 6 square faces all the same size. Some faces parallel Some edges parallel Some faces perpendicular Some edges perpendicular
- 10. Cuboid A three-dimensional shape which has 6 rectangular faces. Some faces parallel Some edges parallel Some faces perpendicular Some edges perpendicular
- 11. Sphere A perfectly round three-dimensional shape, like a ball. It has only one curved face. No perpendicular faces or edges No parallel faces or edges
- 12. Hemisphere A three-dimensional shape that is half a sphere. No parallel faces or edges No perpendicular faces or edges
- 13. Cone A three dimensional shape with a circle at its base and a pointed vertex. No perpendicular faces or edges No parallel faces or edges
- 14. Cylinder A three-dimensional shape with circular ends of equal size. Some faces parallel Some edges parallel Some faces perpendicular No edges perpendicular
- 15. Pyramid A three-dimensional shape which has a polygon for its base and triangular faces which meet at one vertex. E.g. Triangular pyramid Square pyramid Hexagonal pyramid Pentagonal pyramid
- 16. Square base pyramid No faces perpendicular Some edges perpendicular No faces parallel Some edges parallel
- 17. Prism A three dimensional shape that has the same cross-section all along its length.
- 18. PART 2 PLANE SHAPES
- 19. Polygons Two-dimensional shapes that have sides made from straight lines. E.g. triangles squares hexagons
- 20. Quadrilaterals Any two-dimensional shapes with four straight sides. E.g. square rhombus rectangle trapezium kite
- 21. Rectangle A four sided two-dimensional shape with two pairs of parallel sides that meet at right angles.
- 22. Kite A two-dimensional shape with two shorter sides of equal length and two longer sides of equal length.
- 23. Rhombus A two-dimensional four sided shape with opposite sides that are parallel and all the sides are the same length.
- 24. Trapezium A two-dimensional shape with four sides.One pair of sides is parallel with one side longer than the other.
- 25. Pentagon A two-dimensional shape with five straight sides and five angles.
- 26. Hexagon A two-dimensional shape with 6 straight sides and 6 angles.
- 27. Octagon A two-dimensional shape with 8 straight sides and 8 angles.
- 28. Circle A round flat two-dimensional shape.
- 29. Square Two dimensional shape with 4 sides of the same length and 4 90° angles.
- 30. Triangle Two-dimensional shape with three straight sides and three angles. Can you name 4 different kinds?