Introduction to chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter and the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions. It studies the composition, behavior, structure and properties of matter. The origins of the term chemistry come from various ancient words related to casting, alloying metals, and transmuting earth. Chemistry is a natural science that includes branches like organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. Ancient civilizations like Greeks, Indians and Egyptians applied early forms of chemistry as early as 1000BC by purifying metals, dyeing cloth, brewing wine, and making medicines and alloys, though they did not realize it as chemistry. The discovery of alloys marked the start of the Bronze Age around 3300BC
Introduction to chemistry
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY Definitions and History
- 2. DEFINITION OF CHEMISTRY It is the science of matter and the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions. It is more on the composition, behavior, structure and properties of matter. Origins of the term Chemistry came from the following: Arab Latinized word “Keme” meaning “ value ” Egyptian word “Khemia” meaning “ transmutation of earth” Greek word “Khymeia” meaning “Art of alloying metal” and “Khumeia” meaning “casting together” or “putting together”
- 3. DEFINITION OF CHEMISTRY Chemistry is a Natural Science that falls under Physical Sciences Its known branches are: Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Biochemistry Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry
- 4. HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY By 1000BC ancient civilizations where applying different branches of chemistry. Examples are purifying and extracting metals, dying cloth materials, fermentation of wine, cosmetics, painting, medicines, embalming, food making, and making alloys.
- 5. HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY The first chemical reaction that was used in a controlled manner was “FIRE” Greeks, Indian, and Egyptians where the ones to first to utilize chemistry without realizing it. Purification of metals was first recognized as early as 2600 BC by the Egyptians when they purify gold.
- 6. HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY The discovery of alloys marked the start of the Bronze age (3300 BC). This started in Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Near East) Advancement in alchemy and metallurgy were made in Ancient India
- 7. ALCHEMY TO CHEMISTRY Alchemy is a practice associated with mysticism and protoscience. People were looking for methods for finding cheaper ways of making gold and finding miraculous cure for diseases during ancient European times. Alchemists also known as gold cooks believed to have powers that science can’t explain.
- 8. ALCHEMY TO CHEMISTRY Alchemist were believe to have the ability to: Turn base metals to gold Find a cure for the Bubonic Plague Produce medicine that will improve life Create the Elixir of Life known as the Panacea
- 9. ALCHEMY TO CHEMISTRY But because alchemy has no system for documenting its progress and basically no basis for its phenomena making the process vague, it was proven fraudulent. Muslims, lead by Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber) translated Greek and Egyptian works into Arabic and made systematic and experimental approach to alchemy. He was consider by many as father of Chemistry.