Introduction to linguistics.pptx
- 1. Introduction to linguistics By Komal Zulfiqar
- 2. What is language • Language is a source of communication. • The method of humans communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in structured and conventional way.
- 3. Introduction to linguistics • The word linguistics has been derived from Latin word lingua (tongue) and istics (knowledge or science). • It’s the scientific study of language. • Linguistics is a science because it is systematic, employs study, observation, and experimentation, and seeks to determine the nature and principles of language.
- 4. Why it’s called scientific study • Empirical and observable data. • Related to science, study of nature. • Follows scientific method. • Observation, hypothesis, experiment, theory, law etc. • Describes not prescribes. • Science describe the things not prescribe.
- 5. Scope of linguistics • Linguistics involves a vast, complex and systematic study, with different core areas such as phonology, phonetics, morphology, syntax and semantics. • It is also intertwined with various other disciplines and contains fields like sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics etc.
- 6. Branches of linguistics • Micro linguistics • A branch of linguistics that concerns itself with the study of language systems in the abstract, without regard to the meaning of expressions. • Macro linguistics • A field of study concerned with the language in its broadcast sense and including cultural and behavioral feature with language.
- 7. Micro linguistics • Phonetics ( study of sounds) • Phonology ( study of sounds of particular language. (phoneme) • Morphology ( study of minimal meaningful unit) (morph, morphemes) • Syntax ( study of sentences) • Semantics ( study of meaning) • Pragmatics ( study of meaning in context)
- 8. Macro linguistics • Sociolinguistics ( Study of the relationship between language and society) • Psycholinguistics ( study of mind and language) • Neurolinguistics ( study of how language represented in the brain) • Stylistics ( style of all types of texts) • Cognitive linguistics ( study of how we store language in mind) • Geographical linguistics ( local and regional variations of language) • Computational linguistics
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