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IoT- Definitions and Functional Requirements - Motivation – Architecture
- 1. 19UAMPEX11 FUNDAMENTALS OF IOT UNIT I INTRODUCTION
- 2. SYLLABUS IoT- Definitions and Functional Requirements - Motivation – Architecture - Four Pillars of IoT – DNA of IoT - Technologies behind IoT - IoT architecture and Protocols - Components in internet of things: Control Units - Sensors – Communication modules – Power Sources.
- 3. IoT Internet of Things means a network of physical things (objects) sending, receiving, or communicating information using the Internet or other communication technologies and network just as the computers, tablets and mobiles do, and thus enabling the monitoring, coordinating or controlling process across the Internet or another data network.
- 4. DEFINITIONS AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS • Internet of Things is a vision where things (wearable watches, alarm clocks, home devices, surrounding objects) become ‘smart’ and function like living entities by sensing, computing and communicating through embedded devices which interact with remote objects (servers, clouds, applications, services and processes) or persons through the Internet or Near-Field Communication (NFC) etc.
- 5. •Example – 1- Through computing, an umbrella can be made to function like a living entity. By installing a tiny embedded device, which interacts with a web- based weather service and the devices owner through the Internet the following communication can take place. The umbrella, embedded with a circuit for the purpose of computing and communication connects to the Internet.
- 6. MOTIVATION • Consider the example-1 in which through computing, an umbrella can be made to function like a living entity. The following equation describes a simple conceptual framework of IoT: Physical Object + Controller, Sensor and Actuators + Internet = Internet of Things… Equation 1.1 • The equation 1.2 conceptually represents the actions and communication of data at successive levels in IoT consisting of internetworked devices and objects. Gather + Enrich + Stream + Manage + Acquire + Organise and Analyse = Internet of things with connectivity to data centre, enterprise or cloud server… Equation 1.2
- 7. • The equation 1.3 is an alternative conceptual representation for a complex system. It is based on IBM IoT conceptual framework. The equation shows the actions and communication of data at successive levels in IoT. The framework manages the IoT services using data from internetwork of the devices and objects, internet and cloud services, and represents the flow of data from the IoT devices for managing the IoT services using the cloud server. Gather + Consolidate + Connect + Collect + Assemble + Manage and Analyse = Internet of Things with connectivity to cloud services… Equation 1.3
- 8. Architecture •An IoT system has multiple levels. These levels are also known as tiers. A model enables conceptualization of a framework. A reference model can be used to depict building blocks, successive interactions and integration.
- 9. Four Pillars of IoT •Peggy Smedley, Editorial director of M2M magazine introduced a graphic that encapsulates the ever- expanding M2M landscape which covers the “six pillars” of M2M technology. However, there is plenty of overlap among the pillars in this graphic. Then, a four-pillar graphic is introduced for the broader IoT universe. The four pillars of IoT are M2M, RFID, WSN, and SCADA.
- 11. DNA of IoT • Device, Connect, and Manage (DCM) is called the DNA of IoT. The three-layer DCM classification is more about the IoT value chain than its system architecture at runtime.
- 12. Technologies behind IoT Hardware, Integrated Development Environment (IDE), Protocols, Communication, Network backbone, Software, Internetwork Cloud Platforms/Data Centre, Machine learning algorithms and software are providing a diverse technology environment and are examples of technologies, which are involved in IoT
- 13. IoT architecture and Protocols IoT architecture is the structure that allows for interconnected devices, cloud services and protocols to create an IoT ecosystem. This network consists of smart sensors, actuators and other connected elements that enable data flow from physical sources through networks into storage in the cloud.
- 14. There is not such a unique or standard consensus on the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture which is universally defined. The IoT architecture differs from their functional area and their solutions. However, the IoT architecture technology mainly consists of four major components: • Sensors/Devices • Gateways and Networks • Cloud/Management Service Layer • Application Layer
- 15. Components in internet of things: Control Units Major components of IoT devices are: 1. Physical object with embedded software into a hardware. 2. Hardware consisting of a microcontroller, firmware, sensors, control unit, actuators and communication module. 3. Communication module: Software consisting of device APIs and device interface for communication over the network and communication circuit/port(s), and middleware for creating communication stacks. 4. Software for actions on messages, information and commands.
- 17. Sensors • IoT and M2M applications need a large magnitude of data which is generated from various devices in various situations or conditions. Sensors are electronic devices that sense the physical environments. Thereafter, the data communicates through the data-link, data adaptation, network, application-support and application layers to the applications of IoT. Sensors measure or identify a particular quantity and convert physical quantities to electrical signals understood by machines
- 19. Communication modules •A communication module consists of protocol handlers, message queue and message cache. For example, a microcontroller includes interfaces for serial communication and these interfaces uses a protocol for implementing serial communication. UART, IDE, I2C and several other protocols are popularly used.
- 21. Power Sources •A key consideration relates to the powering of the “thing,” especially for mobile devices or for devices that don’t have intrinsic power. M2M/IoT applications are almost invariably constrained by the factors like, devices have ultra-low-power capabilities, devices must be of low cost, and devices generally must have small physical size and be light.