IoT- Evolution of Internet of Things, Enabling. Technologies, M2M Communication, IoT World Forum (IoTWF) standardized.
- 2. WHAT IS IoT? IoT stands for Internet of Things. It refers to the interconnectedness of physical devices, such as appliances and vehicles, that are embedded with software, sensors, and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data. Internet of Things (IoT) is the networking of physical objects that contain electronics embedded within their architecture in order to communicate and sense interactions amongst each other or with respect to the external environment. IOT is a system of interrelated things, computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals, or people that are provided with unique identifiers.
- 3. WORKING WITH IoT DEVICES • Collect and Transmit Data : For this purpose sensors are widely used they are used as per requirements in different application areas. • Actuate device based on triggers produced by sensors or processing devices: If certain conditions are satisfied or according to user’s requirements if certain trigger is activated then which action to perform that is shown by Actuator devices. • Receive Information: From network devices, users or devices can take certain information also for their analysis and processing purposes. • Communication Assistance:Communication assistance is the phenomenon of communication between 2 networks or communication between 2 or more IoT devices of same or different networks. This can be achieved by different communication protocols like: MQTT, Constrained Application Protocol, ZigBee, FTP, HTTP etc.
- 4. CHARACTERISTICS OF IoT Massively scalable and efficient IP-based addressing will no longer be suitable in the upcoming future. An abundance of physical objects is present that do not use IP, so IoT is made possible. Devices typically consume less power. When not in use, they should be automatically programmed to sleep. A device that is connected to another device right now may not be connected in another instant of time. Intermittent connectivity – IoT devices aren’t always connected. In order to save bandwidth and battery consumption, devices will be powered off periodically when not in use. Otherwise, connections might turn unreliable and thus prove to be inefficient.
- 5. DESIRED QUALITIES OF ANY IoT APPLICATION Interconnectivity It is the basic first requirement in any IoT infrastructure. Connectivity should be guaranteed from any devices on any network then only devices in a network can communicate with each other. Heterogeneity There can be diversity in IoT enabled devices like different hardware and software configuration or different network topologies or connections, but they should connect and interact with each other despite so much heterogeneity. Dynamic in Nature IoT devices should dynamically adapt themselves to the changing surroundings like different situations and different prefaces.
- 6. Self-adapting and self configuring technology For example, surveillance camera. It should be flexible to work in different weather conditions and different light situations (morning, afternoon, or night). Intelligence Just data collection is not enough in IoT, extraction of knowledge from the generated data is very important. For example, sensors generate data, but that data will only be useful if it is interpreted properly. Scalability The number of elements (devices) connected to IoT zones is increasing day by day. Therefore, an IoT setup should be capable of handling the expansion. It can be either expand capability in terms of processing power, storage, etc. as vertical scaling or horizontal scaling by multiplying with easy cloning. Identity Each IoT device has a unique identity (e.g., an IP address). This identity is helpful in communication, tracking and to know status of the things. If there is no identification then it will directly affect security and safety of any system.
- 7. Safety Sensitive personal details of a user might be compromised when the devices are connected to the Internet. So data security is a major challenge. This could cause a loss to the user. Equipment in the huge IoT network may also be at risk. Therefore, equipment safety is also critical. Architecture It should be hybrid, supporting different manufacturer’s products to function in the IoT network. As a quick note, IoT incorporates trillions of sensors, billions of smart systems, and millions of applications. Application Domains IoT is currently found in four different popular domains: 1.Manufacturing/Industrial Businesses-40.2% 2.Healthcare-30.3% 3.Security-7.7% 4.Retail-8.3%
- 8. MODERN APPLICATIONS OF IoT Smart Grids and energy saving Smart homes/Home automation Healthcare Earthquake detection Smartphone detection Water flow monitoring Traffic monitoring Wearables Smart door lock protection system Robots and Drones Security Heart monitoring implants (Example Pacemaker, ECG real time tracking) Agriculture
- 9. ADVANTAGES OF IoT Improved efficiency and automation of tasks. Increased convenience and accessibility of information. Better monitoring and control of devices and systems. Greater ability to gather and analyze data. Improved decision-making. Cost savings.
- 10. DISADVANTAGES OF IoT Security concerns and potential for hacking or data breaches. Privacy issues related to the collection and use of personal data. Dependence on technology and potential for system failures. Complexity and increased maintenance requirements. High initial investment costs. Limited battery life on some devices. Concerns about job displacement due to automation.