Ip v6
Download as PPT, PDF0 likes99 views
The document discusses IPv6 addressing and how it addresses limitations in IPv4. It notes that IPv6 uses a 128-bit address space compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses, allowing for many more available addresses. It also describes IPv6 address representation and types, including unicast, multicast, and anycast addresses. Key techniques for IPv4 and IPv6 coexistence like dual stack, tunneling, and translation are summarized. The differences between IPv6 global and link-local unicast addresses are also highlighted.
Ip v6
- 1. Ahmed AL Tememe Computer Science [email protected] 1 Babylon University IT College Software Department
- 2. Outline Why a IPv6 ? IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence IPv6 Address Representation IPv6 Prefix Length IPv6 Address Types Summary 2
- 3. Why IPv6 ? •increasing Internet population. •Exhaustion of IPv4 address space has been the motivating factor for moving to IPv6. •Projections show that all five RIRs (Regional Internet Registry) will run out of IPv4 addresses between 2015 and 2020. •IPv4 has 32-bit address space a theoretical maximum of 4.3 billion addresses, plus private addresses in combination with NAT. •IPv6 larger 128-bit address space provides for 340 undecillion addresses. 3
- 4. 4
- 7. IPv4 Issues IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence The migration techniques can be divided into three categories: Dual-stack, Tunnelling, and Translation. Dual-stack: Allows IPv4 and IPv6 to coexist on the same network. Devices run both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks simultaneously. Dual-stack 7
- 8. IPv4 Issues IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence Tunnelling: A method of transporting an IPv6 packet over an IPv4 network. The IPv6 packet is encapsulated inside an IPv4 packet. Tunnelling 8
- 9. IPv4 Issues IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence (cont.) Translation: The Network Address Translation 64 (NAT64) allows IPv6-enabled devices to communicate with IPv4-enabled devices using a translation technique similar to NAT for IPv4. An IPv6 packet is translated to an IPv4 packet, and vice versa. Translation 9
- 10. IPv6 Addressing IPv6 Address Representation • 128 bits in length and written as a string of hexadecimal values • In IPv6, 4 bits represents a single hexadecimal digit, 32 hexadecimal value = IPv6 address •2001:0DB8:0000:1111:0000:0000:0000:0200 •FE80:0000:0000:0000:0123:4567:89AB:CDEF • Hextet used to refer to a segment of 16 bits or four hexadecimals • Can be written in either lowercase or uppercase 10
- 11. IPv6 Addressing IPv6 Address Representation 11
- 12. IPv6 Addressing Rule 1- Omitting Leading 0s • The first rule to help reduce the notation of IPv6 addresses is any leading 0s (zeros) in any 16-bit section or hextet can be omitted. • 01AB can be represented as 1AB. • 09F0 can be represented as 9F0. • 0A00 can be represented as A00. • 00AB can be represented as AB. 12
- 13. IPv6 Addressing Rule 2 - Omitting All 0 Segments • A double colon (::) can replace any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments (hextets) consisting of all 0’s. • Double colon (::) can only be used once within an address otherwise the address will be ambiguous. • Known as the compressed format. • Incorrect address - 2001:0DB8::ABCD::1234. 13
- 14. IPv6 Addressing Rule 2 - Omitting All 0 Segments (cont.) Example #1 Example #2 14
- 15. Types of IPv6 Addresses IPv6 Prefix Length • IPv6 does not use the dotted-decimal subnet mask notation • Prefix length indicates the network portion of an IPv6 address using the following format: IPv6 address/prefix length Prefix length can range from 0 to 128 Typical prefix length is /64 15
- 16. Types of IPv6 Addresses IPv6 Address Types There are three types of IPv6 addresses: Unicast Multicast Anycast. Note: IPv6 does not have broadcast addresses. 16
- 17. Types of IPv6 Addresses IPv6 Unicast Addresses Unicast Uniquely identifies an interface on an IPv6- enabled device. A packet sent to a unicast address is received by the interface that is assigned that address. 17
- 18. IPv6 Multicast Addresses Assigned IPv6 Multicast Addresses 18
- 19. Types of IPv6 Addresses IPv6 Unicast Addresses (cont.) 19
- 20. Types of IPv6 Addresses IPv6 Link-Local Unicast Addresses Packets with a source or destination link- local address cannot be routed beyond the link from where the packet originated. 20
- 21. IPv6 Unicast Addresses Structure of an IPv6 Global Unicast Address • Subnet ID is used by an organization to identify subnets within its site • Interface ID Equivalent to the host portion of an IPv4 address. Used because a single host may have multiple interfaces, each having one or more IPv6 addresses. 21
- 22. IPv6 Unicast Addresses Static Configuration of an IPv6 Global Unicast Address Windows IPv6 Setup 22
- 23. IP Addressing Summary • The depletion of IPv4 address space is the motivating factor for moving to IPv6. • Each IPv6 address has 128 bits verses the 32 bits in an IPv4 address. • The prefix length is used to indicate the network portion of an IPv6 address using the following format: IPv6 address/prefix length. • There are three types of IPv6 addresses: unicast, multicast, and anycast. • An IPv6 link-local address enables a device to communicate with other IPv6-enabled devices on the same link and only on that link (subnet). • Packets with a source or destination link-local address cannot be routed beyond the link from where the packet originated. • IPv6 link-local addresses are in the FE80::/10 range. • ICMP is available for both IPv4 and IPv6. 23
- 24. 24
Editor's Notes
- #3: Overview of Internet Protocol version 6 Current status of IPv6 specifications, implementations, and transition tools Not Cisco specific! Background Header formats Packet size issues Addressing & routing Security Quality of service Mobility ICMPv6 & neighbor discovery Effects on higher layers IPv4-IPv6 coexistence & transition Current status