JavaCro'15 - HTTP2 Comes to Java! - David Delabassee

JavaCro'15 - HTTP2 Comes to Java! - David Delabassee

• 1.
  HTTP/2  Comes  to  Java David  Delabassee  (@delabassee)   Oracle Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved.
• 2.
  Safe  Harbor  Statement The  following  is  intended  to  outline  our  general  product  direction.  It  is  intended  for   information  purposes  only,  and  may  not  be  incorporated  into  any  contract.  It  is  not  a   commitment  to  deliver  any  material,  code,  or  functionality,  and  should  not  be  relied  upon   in  making  purchasing  decisions.  The  development,  release,  and  timing  of  any  features  or   functionality  described  for  Oracle’s  products  remains  at  the  sole  discretion  of  Oracle. Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 2
• 3.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Agenda Java  EE  8   Why  HTTP/2?   HTTP/2  Big  Features   HTTP/2  and  Java  EE   HTTP/2  and  Java  SE   Summary 3
• 4.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Agenda Java  EE  8   Why  HTTP/2?   HTTP/2  Big  Features   HTTP/2  and  Java  EE   HTTP/2  and  Java  SE   Summary 4
• 5.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Java  EE  8  -­‐  HTML5  Support  /  Web  Tier  Enhancements • JSON  Binding   • JSON  Processing  enhancements   • Server-­‐sent  events   • Action-­‐based  MVC   • HTTP/2  support 5
• 6.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Agenda Java  EE  8   Why  HTTP/2?   HTTP/2  Big  Features   HTTP/2  and  Java  EE   HTTP/2  and  Java  SE   Summary 6
• 7.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 7 HTTP  1.x 1991   1996   1999   2009   2015   HTTP/0.9   HTTP/1.0   HTTP/1.1   SPDY   HTTP/2.0  
• 8.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 8 Back  then… 8
• 9.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 9 Today index.html style1.css style2.css .   .   .   script1.js script9.js pic1.jpg pic8.jpg .   .   .   photo1.png photo2.png .   .   .  
• 10.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 10 • “Conversion  Rate”  Vs.  Latency   - If  a  page  takes  longer  than  4  sec  to  load,  1/4  people  abandons  that  page   - Page  load  slowdown  of  1  sec  could  cost  Amazon  $1.6  billion  in  sales  each  year   - Slowing  search  results  by  just  0.4  sec,  Google  could  lose  8  million  searches  per  day    (http://www.fastcompany.com/1825005/how-­‐one-­‐second-­‐could-­‐cost-­‐amazon-­‐16-­‐billion-­‐sales) 10 Time  is  Money!
• 11.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 11 google.fr  (1st)   • 3  HTTP  Requests   • 21.355  bytes   - 1  HTML   - 1  image   - 1  .js 11 Top  .FR  examples lefigaro.fr  (15th)   • 140  HTTP  Requests   • 2.736.562  bytes   - 1  HTML   - 130  images   - 6  .js   - 2  .css  
• 12.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved.   HTTP  1.1 Head-­‐of-­‐Line  blocking 12 Client Server index.html index.html style1.css   style2.css   script1.js   ... style1.css   style2.css   script1.js   ...
• 13.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 13 HTTP  1.1
• 14.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 14 File  Concatenation  and  Image  Sprites 14 • Modern  web  page  consists  of  +90  resources  fetched  from  15  distinct   hosts  (http://httparchive.org)   • TCP  Efficiency  Improves  with  Larger  Files   • Shoving  more  than  one  logical  file  into  one  physical  file
• 15.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 15 File  Concatenation  and  Image  Sprites 15
• 16.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 16 HTTP  1.1 Workaround  -­‐  Domain  Sharding 16
• 17.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 17 Asset  inlining …   <img  src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhEAAOexs3eeALMAAOazToeHh0tLS/ 7LZv0jvb29tf3Ubge8WSLrhf3kdbW1mxsjkhfkjfhGHhcjGDSHJUYgJvhgtyrHgfGfHy t56HGfGH56ge8WSLf6GGHhfkjfhhfkjfhpBREzxvt6QAA4lsjkhfkjfhdxwqBnuIoYty GhBKoOjJj6GGHvvhdsbxus38GV3pBREzxvt6QAA4lsjkhfkjfhdxwqBnuIoYtyGhBKoO jJj6GGHvvhdsbxus38GV3vvhdsbxusbasbPmfyH5BAAAjAAAALAAfhGHhcjAAAAQAA4l sjkhfkjfhGHhcjGDSHJUYgJvhgtyrHgfhfkjfhpBREzxvt6QAA4lsjkhfkjfhdxwqBnu IoYtyGhBKoOjJj6GGHvvhdsbxus38GV3GfHyt56HGfGH56ge8WsjkhfkjfhGHhcjGDSH JUYgJvhgtyrHgfGfHyt56HGfGH56gebxus38G8WSLf6GGHvvhdsbxusbaSLf6GGHvvhd sbxusbaOiQA4lsjkhfkjf4lsjkhfkjf4lsjbxus38GkhfkjfhfkjfhpBREzxvt6QAA4l sjkhfkjfhdxwqBnuIoYtyGhBKoOjJj6GGHvvhdsbxus38GV3DcPjjBceXsplojj…”  />   …
• 18.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 18 • HTTP  uses  TCP  poorly   - HTTP:  short  and  bursty  flows  Vs.  TCP:  optimized  for  long-­‐lived  flows   • Solutions   - Sprites   - Domain  sharding   - Assets  Inlining   - File  concatenations   - … 18 HTTP/1.1  circa  1999 Problems  Vs  Solutions 1991   1996   1999   2009   2015   HTTP/0.9   HTTP/1.0   HTTP/1.1   SPDY   HTTP/2.0  
• 19.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Agenda Java  EE  8   Why  HTTP/2?   HTTP/2  Big  Features   HTTP/2  and  Java  EE   HTTP/2  and  Java  SE   Summary 19
• 20.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 20 HTTP/2  Features • Binary  Framing  over  single  TCP  connection   • Request/Response  multiplexing   • Stream  Prioritization   • Server  Push   • Upgrade  from  HTTP  1.1   • Header  Compression
• 21.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 21 HTTP/2 • Fully  bi-­‐directional   – Connection
 A  TCP  socket   – Message  
 A  logical  HTTP  message,  such  as  a  request  or  a  response     – Stream
 A  bi-­‐directional  “channel”  within  a  connection,  carry  one  or  more  message   – Frame
 The  smallest  unit  of  communication  in  HTTP/2 21 Lets  you  do  more  things  with  a  single  TCP  connection
• 22.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 22 HTTP/2 22 Connections,  Streams,  Messages,  Frames
• 23.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved.   Binary  Frames • Frames   - HEADERS,  DATA,  PRIORITY,  RST_STREAM,  SETTINGS,  PUSH_PROMISE,  PING,   GOAWAY,  WINDOW_UPDATE,  CONTINUATION   - Prioritisation,  Flow  Control,  Server  Push,  …     • Single  TCP  Connection 23 POST  /upload  HTTP/1.1   Host:  www.test.com   Content-­‐Type:  application/json   Content-­‐Length:  15   {“name”:“duke”} HTTP  1.1 HTTP/2 HEADERS  frame DATA  frame
• 24.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 24 Multiplexing 24
• 25.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 25 Stream  Prioritization • Stream  Dependency  in  HEADERS  Frame   • PRIORITY  frame  type   • An  additional  40  bytes   - Stream  id  (31)   - Weight  (8):  [1,  256]     - Exclusive  bit  (1)   • Only  an  advice 25 A B C 4 12 A B CD 4 16 12 exclusive  =  0 A B C D 4 12 16 exclusive  =  1
• 26.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Server  Push /index.html      stream  1   /style.css                stream  2   /script.js                  stream  4 Client Server stream  1   HEADERS stream  1   DATA stream  2         PROMISE stream  4   PROMISE 26 • No  corresponding  JavaScript  API   • Can  be  combined  with  SSE
• 27.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 27 Header  Compression 27 HPack
• 28.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 28 Upgrade  from  HTTP  1.1 • HTTP   - Port  80   - HTTP  Upgrade  to  “h2c”  (101  Switching  Protocol)   • HTTPS  (*)   - Application  Layer  Protocol  Negotiation  (ALPN)   - Next  Protocol  Negotiation  (NPN)   (*)  TLS  is  not  mandatory 28
• 29.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Agenda Java  EE  8   Why  HTTP/2?   HTTP/2  Big  Features   HTTP/2  and  Java  EE   HTTP/2  and  Java  SE   Summary 29
• 30.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 30 • Request/Response  multiplexing   • Binary  Framing   • Stream  Prioritization   • Server  Push   • Header  Compression   • Upgrade  from  HTTP  1.1   – ALPN  or  (NPN)   – 101  Switching  Protocols 30 HTTP/2
• 31.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 31 • Request/Response  Multiplexing   • Binary  Framing   • Stream  Prioritization   • Server  Push   • Header  Compression   • Upgrade  from  HTTP  1.1   – ALPN  or  (NPN)   – 101  Switching  Protocols 31 Features  Potentially  Exposed  in  Servlet  API HTTP/2
• 32.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 32 • New  HttpServletRequest  and  HttpServletResponse  method   – int  getStreamId() 32 Stream  Prioritization
• 33.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 33 • New  class  Priority   – boolean  exclusive   – int  streamId   – int  weight   • New  method  to  HttpServletRequest   – Priority  getPriority()   • New  methods  to  HttpServletResponse   – Priority  getPriority()   – void  setPriority(Priority  p) 33 Stream  Prioritization
• 34.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 34 • Push  resource  to  client  for  a  given  url  and  headers   • May  add  callback  for  completion  or  error  of  a  push   • Not  a  replacement  for  WebSocket 34 Servlet  4.0 Server  Push
• 35.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 35 Server  Push public  class  ExternalContextImpl  extends  ExternalContext  {
        //…
        public  String  encodeResourceURL(String  url)  {
                if  (null  ==  url)  {
                        String  message  =  MessageUtils.getExceptionMessageString
                                (MessageUtils.NULL_PARAMETERS_ERROR_MESSAGE_ID,  "url");
                        throw  new  NullPointerException(message);
                }
                Map  attrs  =  getResourceAttrs();
                ((HttpServletRequest)  request).dispatchPushRequest(url,  attrs);
                return  ((HttpServletResponse)  response).encodeURL(url);
        }
        //…
 
 } Example  of  Potential  Use  from  JSF 35
• 36.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Agenda Java  EE  8   Why  HTTP/2?   HTTP/2  Big  Features   HTTP/2  and  Java  EE   HTTP/2  and  Java  SE   Summary 36
• 37.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Java  SE  9  Support  for  HTTP/2 • JEP  110   - http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110   • Easy  to  use  API   • Covers  only  the  most  common  use  cases   • Supports  both  HTTP  1.1  and  2 37
• 38.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 38 Java  SE  9  Support  for  HTTP/2 • 2  classes   – HttpRequest  :  one  request/response  interaction   – HttpRequestGroup  :  configuration  for  multiple  requests   • Blocking  mode:  one  thread  per  request/response   – send  request  &  get  response   • Non-­‐blocking  mode:  handle  multiple  request/response  interactions  in   single  thread  using  non-­‐blocking  API   – analogous  to  NIO  selectors Small  footprint 38
• 39.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Java  SE  9  Support  for  HTTP/2 HttpRequestGroup  group  =  HttpRequestGroup.create();   HttpRequest  req  =  group.createRequest()                  .setRequestMethod("POST")                  .setRequestURI(new  URI("http://www.foo.com/a/b")                  .setRequestBody("Param1=1,Param2=2")                  .onResponseHeader("X-­‐Foo",  (request,  name,  value)  -­‐>  {                              System.out.printf("  received  an  X-­‐Foo  header");                  })                .sendRequest()                .waitForCompletion(); 39
• 40.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Java  SE  9  Support  for  HTTP/2 HttpRequestGroup  group  =  HttpRequestGroup.create();   HttpRequest  req  =  group.createRequest()  …                  .onResponseBody((HttpRequest  request,  InputStream  in)  -­‐>  {                                  if  (request.getResponseCode()  ==  200)  {                                      Path  out  =  Paths.get("/tmp/out");                                      try  {  Files.copy(in,  out);  }  finally  {  in.close();  }                                  }                  })                  .sendRequest()                  .waitForCompletion(); 40
• 41.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Agenda Java  EE  8   Why  HTTP/2?   HTTP/2  Big  Features   HTTP/2  and  Java  EE   HTTP/2  and  Java  SE   Summary 41
• 42.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. HTTP/2 • Address  the  Limitations  of  HTTP  1.x   - Improve  performance     - Reduce  latency   - Improve  ressources  utilization,  etc.   • “Compatible  with  HTTP/1.1”   - Retain  semantics  of  HTTP  1.x   - Define  interaction  with  HTTP  1.1   • “TLS  not  mandatory” 42 Hypertext  Transfer  Protocol  version  2  &  HPACK
• 43.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. “HTTP/2  is  nearly  done  standardization” • Jan  2015        Enabled  by  default  in  FireFox  (35)  and  Chrome  (40)   • Feb  2015      IESG  approved  HTTP/2   • May  2015    HTTP/2  in  10%  of  all  HTTP  responses  (FireFox)  (*)                                          HTTP/2  used  in  18%  of  global  traffic  (Google)  (*)                                          HTTP/2  is  supported  by  44%  of  browsers  in  user  right  now  (*)                                          In  RFC  Editor’s  publication  queue   (*)  http://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2015/05/07/http2-­‐for-­‐tcpip-­‐geeks/ 43
• 44.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. HTTP/2  and  Java • Servlet  4.0  brings  HTTP/2  to  Java  EE   - 100%  compliant  implementation  of  HTTP/2   - Expose  key  features  to  the  API   • Server  Push   • Stream  Prioritization   • HTTP  1.1  upgrade   • JDK  9  brings  HTTP/2  support  to  Java  SE   • TBC! 44 Plans
• 45.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. Resources • https://java.net/projects/servlet-­‐spec/   • http://glassfish.org/adoptajsr   • http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110   • http://http2.github.io   • http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000545/ch12.html 45
• 46.
  Copyright  ©  2015,  Oracle  and/or  its  affiliates.  All  rights  reserved. 46