KARYOTYPING
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Karyotyping is a technique used in cytogenetics to examine chromosomes and identify genetic abnormalities that can cause disorders or disease. It involves collecting a cell sample, treating the cells to synchronize them in metaphase, staining the chromosomes, and analyzing the number, size, shape, and banding pattern of chromosomes to create a karyotype. Abnormal karyotypes can provide information about genetic conditions like Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner syndrome. The main purpose is to detect changes in chromosome number or structure that can help diagnose these genetic disorders.
KARYOTYPING
- 2. The Study Of Chromosomes And Related Diseases That is caused by changes in the number of chromosomes and their structure CYTOGENETICS
- 3. Karyotype is an organized profile of an individual’s chromosomes Karyotyping is a technique that is use to examine chromosomes in a sample of cells which can help identify genetic problems as the cause of disorder or a disease KARYOTYPING
- 4. Main purpose of the karyotyping is to locate or visualize the changes in the number of chromosomes and abnormality in the structure Also to locate the evolution MAIN PURPOSE OF KARYOTYPING
- 5. Basically karyotyping is based on three patterns On the basis of size of chromatids On the basis of bending patterns On the basis of centromeric positions Basis of karyotyping
- 8. Through karyotype analysis , you will obtained the following information about your cell lines Species identification . Index of genome stability Validation of normal diploid karyotype Numerical chromosomes abnormalities Monoploidy , poliploidy Monotomy , trisomy Structural abnormalities Continued……….
- 11. The first step in performing a karyotype is collecting the “sample”. The sample can either be collected from the amniotic fluid through amniocentesis or a piece of the placenta collected during a chorionic villi sampling test, or simple 5ml of venous blood.
- 12. In order to analyze chromosomes, the sample must contain cells that are actively dividing (or in mitosis). In blood, the white blood cells are actively dividing cells. Once the samples reaches the cytogenetics lab, the non divided cells are separated from the dividing cells using special chemicals. The red blood cells are separated and the collection of white blood cells take place because mature red blood cell no longer have a nucleus. Therefore you can’t karyotype. 2. Separating the cells
- 13. In order to see chromosomes clearly under a microscope, chromosomes have to be their most compact form. This compact form occur at the specific stage of mitosis called metaphase. In order to get all the cells to this specific stage of cell division. The cells are treated with a chemical called colchicines which stops cell division metaphase. 3. Synchronizing cells
- 14. In order to see these compact chromosomes under a microscope, the chromosomes have to be out of the white blood cells. Moreover, this is done by the treating the white blood cells with a special solution which causes the swelling and lysing (busting-breaking down) of lymphocytes. Consequently this provides a better sprending of chromosomes. 4. Releasing the chromosomes from their cells
- 15. Chromosomes are colorless. In order to be able to tell one chromosome from another, a special dye called Giemsa dye is applied to the chromosomes on the slide. 5. Staining the chromosomes
- 16. Smear
- 18. Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Philadelphia chromosome Trisomy 18 Turner syndrome Abnormal results may be due to a genetic syndrome or condition, such as:
- 19. The end