Language & culture

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Subject : Language & Communication ( Amna Ashraf )
Language
Welcome To Slides
&
Culture
Page : 1
﷽

Prepared By
Syed Ali Hassan Shah
Osama Faheem
Mamoon Ahmad
Shumail Umer
Page : 2
Osama To Present 1st

Culture and Language andits
Relationship What Is Culture ?
Culture is defined as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitude,
values, and ideas that are characteristics of a particular society or
population.
• There are different cultures in the world.
• For example:
• American Culture
• Pakistani Culture
• Indian Culture
• Chinese Culture etc.
.
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Types of Culture
It includes man-made objects
such as tools, implements,
furniture, etc. It is concerned
with the external, mechanical
and utilitarian objects. It
includes our banks,
parliments, insurance
scheme, currency systems,
and etc. It is referred to as
civilization.
.
• Material / Physical
culture
It is something internal
and intrinsically valuable. It
reflects the inward nature of
man. It consists of the words
the people use or the
language they speak etc. It
includes our customs, tastes,
attitute ans outook, in brief,
our acting, feeling and
thinking etc. It is mental
organization in each
individual’s mind.
• Non-material /
CognitiveCulture It is that culture which can be observed in our
daily life. The culture on which we act upon in our
social life is real. It is the culture people adopt in
their real life. The whole of the culture can never be
real because some of its part may remain
unpracticed. Real culture include the values and
norms being practiced. It is that culture which can
be observed in our daily life. The culture on which
we act upon in our social life is real. It is the culture
people adopt in their real life. The whole of the
culture can never be real because some of its part
may remain unpracticed. Real culture include the
values and norms being practiced.
• Real culture
The culture which
is presented as a
pattern or precedent
to the people is called
ideal culture. It is the
goal of the society It
can never be achieved
fully because some
part of it remains
out of practice.
• Ideal culture
Subject : Language & Communication ( Amna Ashraf ) Page : 4Osama To Present 1st

What is Language?
• Language is a system of symbols with
standard meaning.
• Form or style of verbal expression.
• Language allows a person communicating
with others in meeting their needs.
• Language is the key to the heart of people.
Subject : Language & Communication ( Amna Ashraf ) ) Page : 5Osama To Present 1st

Language has three
main functions
3rd
At the societal level, it is
Important to all aspects of
human interaction because
it “often relates to political
goals”.
.
Function
1st
From a cultural
perspective, it is
the primary means
of preserving
culture and is the
medium of
transmitting culture
to new
generations.
Function
2nd
It helps establish and
preserve community
by “linking individuals
into communities of
shared identity.”
Function
Subject : Language & Communication ( Amna Ashraf )Page : 6 Osama To Present 1st

Relationship between
Language and Culture.
Language & Culture so
closely inter twist that
people can,t recognize it
easly
Subject : Language & Communication ( Amna Ashraf ) Page : 7
Mamoon To Present 2nd

Relationship between Language and Culture
Language is an integral part of culture and human culture cannot exist without it. Through
the use of language, wide vistas of reality have been opened. What we have experienced,
as well as our norms, values and ideas exist because we have learned to identify or
experience these things through language.
If culture can affect the structure and content of its language, then it follows that linguistic
diversity derived in part from cultural diversity.
The linguistic relativity hypothesis asserts that language determines thought and therefore
culture. In reality language and culture influence each other. (Edward Sapir)
• The most significant invention made by culture.
• Language is used to learn Culture.
• Human culture cannot exist without language.
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Introduction
SAPIR-
WHORF
Edward sapir (1884-1939)
Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897-1941)
SAPIR- WHORF First discussed
by Sapir in 1929, the hypothesis
became popular in the 1950s
following posthumous publication
of Whorf's writings on the
subject.
Popularly known as the Sapir–
Whorf hypothesis, or
Whorfianism, the principle is
often defined as having two
versions.
the weak version that linguistic categories
and usage influence thought and certain
kinds of nonlinguistic behaviour
the strong version that language determines
thought and that linguistic categories limit
and determine cognitive categories
Subject : Language & Communication ( Amna Ashraf ) Page : 9Mamoon To Present 2nd

SAPIR-WHORF
HYPOTHESIS I
Can the theory of
language
determinism be
accepted?
Language
Determinis
m
Example
Language does not exist apart from culture, that is,
from the socially inherited assemblage of
practices and beliefs that determines the texture of
lives (Sapir,1921: 207) CULTURAL LANGUAGE
THOUGHT PATTERN
Indonesia has collective culture, the kinship
system is very prominent in their language.
We’ll see the expression like
If the theory of language determinism is right, the
cross language and cross-cultural communication
will never occur. If the theory of language
determinism is right, the translation toward foreign
language is impossible. If the theory of language
determinism is right, the foreign language lerning
will never occur
Linguistic
relativity:
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Conclusion
• The extreme version of this idea, that all thought
is constrained by
language, has been disproved • The opposite
extreme – that language does not influence
thought at all – is also widely considered to be
false.
.
AMET
Subject : Language & Communication ( Amna Ashraf ) Page : 11Mamoon To Present 2nd

Culture effectlanguages in differentways
• The relationship between language and culture is as old
as mankind.
• Physical environment
• Social environment
.
• Kinship relations
• Media culture
• Change of vocabulary
• Change in pronunciation
• Same words having different meaning
in different cultures
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Shumail To Present 3rd

Change invocabulary
• What it means in the U.S.: The floor at ground level.
What it means in the U.K.: The floor above the ground level floor.
Potentially confusing sentence: “That super-important meeting is taking place on the first floor — don’t be
late!”
• What it means in the U.S.: A storage container. What it means in the U.K.: A
trash can.
Potentially confusing sentence: “I put all my grandmother’s valuables in a bin.”
• In British the word used anti clock wise while in U.S it is called counter clock wise.

c u l t u r e
o n l a n g u a g e
E f f e c t o f
> As every culture is different so need different languages to speak.
> Physical environment - reflected in language, normally in the lexicon
i.e Eskimo (people lives in northern Canada and green land). There are so many
words used to refer snow. ( many of which describes the varying stages of the melting
process)
> Song. Fifty words for snow.
.
Subject : Language & Communication ( Amna Ashraf ) Page : 14Shumail To Present 3rd

K i n s h i p
r e l a t i o n s
One of the clearest examples of lexicalized categories are words use to refer to
people who are the members of thesame family or kinship term. All languages
have kinship term (e.g. brother, mother, grandmother), but they don’t all
put family members in the same category. In some languages the equivalent of the
word father is used not only for male parents but also for male parent brother.
In English we use the word uncle for this other type of individual. We have
lexicalized the distinction between the two concepts. Yet we use this same world
for the female parent brother. That distinction is not lexicalized in English but is in
other language it would see that distinction in age among uncles is important in
Mopan Mayan culture. Other distinction among relatives can also be lexicalized in
the world language. For example, in Norwegian the distinction between male
parent mother (farmor) and female parent mother (mormor) is lexicalized, but in
English word grandmother generally used for both.
Page : 15

Social culture
effectlanguage
it is in punjabi that they have the word "PARSON" Meaning either the day after
tomorrow or the day before yesterday.
For Example
Changes in society may causes so me corresponding linguistic changes. Such as road
side signals indifferent cultures.
As in arabic culture. Camel is the well known animal
and the people use different 40 words to refer camel.
03
The differing of cultural attitudes towards
time are well articulated by their
vocabularies.
04
Kinship relations have also effect on
language.
02
It is undoubtedly true that the Hawaiians
have 65 words alone for the fishing nets.
108 for sweat potato, 42 for sugarcane.
01
05
There are some special words which
belongs to few languages or a single
language.
Subject : Language & Communication ( Amna Ashraf ) Page : 16Shumail To Present 3rd

Media culture
effectlanguage
As now a days kids watch cartoon in Hindi and they use words from their language. Shakti
as taqat
Indian dramas has also influenced our language. For example an Urdu word “phir” is
pronounce in Hindi as fir.
Subject : Language & Communication ( Amna Ashraf ) Page : 17Syed Ali Hassan To Present

Different Culture
Of World
Hindus Culture
Hinduism is a way
of life for many
people around the
world. The Hindu
culture is one that
revolves around
love and respect
for others. For
example, respect
for elders is a
foundation
of Hindu culture.
Islamic Culture
Islamic culture and
Muslim culture refer to
cultural practices
common to historically
Islamic people. The
early forms of Muslim
culture, from the
Rashidun Caliphate to
early Umayyad period
and early Abbasid
period, were
predominantly Arab,
Byzantine, Persian
and Levantine
Christian Culture
Christian culture is
the cultural
practices common
to Christianity.
Christian Culture
With the rapid
expansion of
Christianity to
Europe,
Syria, Mesopotam
ia, Asia Minor,
Egypt,
Ethiopia, and India
and by the end of
the 4th century it
had also become
the official state
church of the
Roman Empire..
Hindus Culture
Islamic Culture
Christian Culture
Christians Culture
Christians Culture
Important components
of Chinese culture
includes ceramics,
architecture, music,
literature, martial
arts, cuisine, visual
arts, philosophy
and religion. Ethnic
Groups-Officially there
are 56 recognized
ethnic groups in China,
Han Chinese being the
largest group.
Chines Culture
Chines Culture

The Different Aspects
of Islamic Culture
“The Different Aspects of Islamic Culture” is part of UNESCO’s
Histories flagship project. This work has been achieved with financial and
logistical support from the World Islamic Call Society (WICS) of Libya. It is
a collection of six thematic volumes that gathers the contributions of
around 150 scholars, Muslims and non-Muslims, from all over the world. It
reflects profound academic exchanges among members of the Scientific
Committee of the project, editors and authors, in order to present a
comprehensive historical and geographical overview of Islamic culture.
Its scope is broad and sets out to acquaint the widest possible readership
with various facets of this living culture. It documents the theological
foundations of Islam, the status of the individual and society in the Islamic
world, the expansion of Islam, its fundamental contribution to education,
science and technology and the contributions of Islamic civilization to
literature, philosophy, art and architecture.
These volumes show how, over centuries, Islam has been a driving force
in the rapprochement of cultures, and has provided a framework within
which diverse cultures could flourish and interact.
Volume I, The Foundations of Islam, discusses the pillars of faith and the foundations on which Islam rests. It
explores the ideas and ideals of Islam, which have shaped the Muslim vision over the centuries and given
meaning, purpose and direction to Muslims’ lives. Available in English
Volume II, The Status of the Individual and Society in Islam, responds to the challenges caused by the
encounter of tradition and modernity at the heart of Islamic societies and provides historic facts to show the
rules and reciprocal relationship between the individual and society in Islamic culture. Available
in English | Arabic | French (not accessible online)
Volume III, The Spread of Islam throughout the World, analyses the spread of Islam and shows both its
diversity and universality as well as the way Islam has ‘apprehended’ the world. Available in English
Volume IV, (Parts 1 & 2) Science and Technology in Islam, explores the important contribution of Islamic
civilization to the scientific and technological fields. This volume shows how different sciences, whether
received from the pre-Islamic world or developed during the Islamic era, have been enrichened and transmitted
to other cultures and people by Muslim scientists. It also provides a comprehensive index of the scientific
advances they achieved. Available in English

Infographic StyleAfter 9/11 a strange thing happened:
there was an increase in sympathetic
portrayals of Arabs and Muslims on US
television. If a TV drama or Hollywood
film represented an Arab or Muslim as a
terrorist, then the story line usually
included a “positive” representation of
an Arab or Muslim to offset the negative
depiction. Dozens of TV dramas
portrayed Arab and Muslim Americans
as the unjust target of hate crimes or as
patriotic US citizens. President George
W. Bush was sure to distinguish
between Arab and Muslim “friends” and
“enemies,” stating “the enemy of
America is not our many Muslim friends;
it is not our many Arab friends. Our
enemy is a radical network of terrorists,
and every government that supports
them.”1 News reporters interviewed
Arab and Muslim Americans, seemingly
eager to include their perspectives on
the terrorist attacks, careful to point out
their experiences with hate crimes. Yet
at the same time that sympathetic
portrayals of Arab and Muslim
Americans proliferated on US
commercial television in the weeks,
months, and years after 9/11, hate
crimes, workplace discrimination, bias
incidents, and airline discrimination
targeting Arab and Muslim
.
America

And who believe in what has been sent down towards
you, O beloved prophet! And what has been sent
downbefore you and are convinced of the Last Day

• Languages, cultures and thoughts intricate to each other in different ways.
• Effect of environment and society on language use is obvious in several areas
(lexicon, kinship relations) but there is also evidence for the structure of language
to determine the world view of the speaker.
• Each social group differs from other in the way they are constrained in their
language use by culture but no social group uses language quite uninhibitedly.
• Language use is sensitive to social changes, in that changes society and
culture will appear in language use.
Conclusions

Language &amp; culture

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