Leading.pptx

Leading.pptx

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  Leading/Directing Farrah Rose MayI. Lee, RN
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  The Management Process
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  Leading/Directing  It isthe skills of influencing people for a particular purpose or reason. Leading is considered to be the most important and challenging of all managerial activities.  Leading is influencing or prompting the organization member to work together with the interest of the organization.  Since leadership implies fellowship and people tend to follow those who offer a means of satisfying their own needs, hopes, and aspirations, understandably, leading involves motivation leadership styles and approaches, and communication.
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  COMMUNICATION PROCESS  COMMUNICATION isa two-way process wherein the message in the form of ideas, thoughts, feelings, opinions is transmitted between two or more persons with the intent of creating a shared understanding.
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  COMMUNICATION PROCESS
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   Sender: Thesender or the communicator is the person who initiates the conversation and has conceptualized the idea that he intends to convey it to others.  Encoding: The sender begins with the encoding process wherein he uses certain words or non- verbal methods such as symbols, signs, body gestures, etc. to translate the information into a message.  Message: Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the message that he intends to convey. The message can be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or any other signal that triggers the response of a receiver.  Communication Channel: The Sender chooses the medium through which he wants to convey his message to the recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to make the message effective and correctly interpreted by the recipient.
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   Receiver: Thereceiver is the person for whom the message is intended or targeted. He tries to comprehend it in the best possible manner such that the communication objective is attained.  Decoding: Here, the receiver interprets the sender’s message and tries to understand it in the best possible manner. An effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the message in exactly the same way as it was intended by the sender.  Feedback: The Feedback is the final step of the process that ensures the receiver has received the message and interpreted it correctly as it was intended by the sender. It increases the effectiveness of the communication as it permits the sender to know the efficacy of his message.  The Noise shows the barriers in communications. There are chances when the message sent by the sender is not received by the recipient.
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  MODALITIES AND TOOLSOF COMMUNICATION  1. Interpretive Communication Also referred to as the “one-way communication”, in this mode, the information conveyed by the sender is interpreted by the receiver in its original form. The target has to understand the message in both written and spoken form keeping various aspects in mind.
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  2. Interpersonal Communication process by which people exchange information through verbal and nonverbal messages. It is an unmediated mode of communication that occurs when we interact and attempt to mutually influence each other, simultaneously, in order to manage relationships. Although interpersonal communication can encompass oral, written, and non-verbal forms of communication, the term is usually applied to spoken communication that takes place between two or more individuals on a personal or face-to-face level.
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  3. Presentational Communication another type of one-way communication, which facilitates interpretation by members of another group where no direct opportunity for the active negotiation of meaning between members of the two groups exists. With this mode of communication, a person is speaking to an audience that can be rehearsed, pre-prepared, or scripted. Some of the main highlights of Presentational Communication have been given a rundown below.  No direct opportunity for engaging with a larger audience exists in this form of communication.
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  4.Linguistical or AlphabeticCommunication  As one of the popular modes of communication, Linguistical or Alphabetic Communication mainly refers to written or spoken communication where the sender conveys their message through writing on a paper or through speaking.
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  5.Gestural Communication  hasemphasis on body language and physical movements to communicate messages. Sign Language is the best example of the gestural mode of communication as those who can’t talk or hear are able to communicate best through their gestures and have their own set of unique languages to converse in.
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  6.Aural Communication  Asthe name suggests, oral communication uses audio mode to convey messages whether it is through sounds or spoken audio. The speaker’s voice and pronunciation need to be clear and precise.
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  7.Visual Communication  VisualCommunication can be simply termed non-verbal communication as it comprises visual messages from the sender to the receiver. It is one of the oldest modes of communication when the ancient people didn’t know a language to communicate with, it is through pictures, drawings and symbols that they were able to talk and converse with each other.
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  8. Various Culturaland Intercultural Modes of Communication  Several cultural modes of communication are specific to each area and culture. It can be symbolic usage of actions, body language, etc. The culture of a person is not just what they eat or wear but also how they communicate.  In verbal communication, different cultures have different languages, dialects, and even accents. Even the tone and volume of communication differ from place to place. For example, the tone of a native German speaker might angry with a British speaker, even if they both are speaking in English.  In non-verbal communication, several differences can cause miscommunication in intercultural discussions. Some of the major non-verbal modes of communication that change from place to place are:  Touch  Eye Contact  Gestures  Facial Expressions  Physical Space  Posture
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  PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 1.Theprinciple of clarity A message should be clear, free from distortion and noise. 2. Principles of Brevity A communication should be brief i.e. just necessary and sufficient 3. The principle of Simplicity A message should be given using simple and familiar words.
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  4. The principleof Timeliness Communication is meant to serve a specific purpose. If communication is made in time, communication becomes effective. If it is made untimely then it may become useless. 5. The principle of Compass The communication net should cover the whole organization. The concerned people must know “What exactly they need and “When they need it. And effective communication will serve such. 6. The principle of Integrity Communication should consider the level of people, principles & objectives of an organization to create a network or chain. 7. The principle of strategic use of Informal Organization The most effective communication results when managers use the informal organization as complementary to formal communication, e.g. arranging sports, cultural functions & dinners for the employees can be an informal organization.
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  8. The principleof Feedback To provide a message to the receiver is not complete communication. The response from a receiver is essential. Therefore feedback is required for communication to be effective. 9. The principle of Alternativeness Effective listening is important in communication otherwise communication will be ineffective and useless. 10. The principle of language control The sender should be careful in selecting proper words and forming sentences, words and structured sentences are the keys to making effective communication.
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  ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION  Organizationalcommunication includes formal and informal communication throughout an organization, including communication among employees and employee-manager communication. External communication Internal communication
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  1. Formal communication Beingformal, clear and specific is a great way to ensure a proper flow of information in the workplace. With formal communication, everyone is informed about and aligned with the business goals. 2. Informal communication this type of communication is the opposite of formal communication. It is also known as “grapevine communication“. In essence, it includes dialogues, chats, phone conversations as well as the “water cooler talks” that usually take place near the coffee maker that don’t rely on any formalities.
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  3. Horizontal communication Thistype of organizational communication occurs amongst teams, groups, or individuals at the same hierarchical level. Horizontal communication plays an important role in breaking down silos and improving cross-departmental collaboration in the workplace
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  4. Vertical communication Themost common form of communication within structured organizations follows an up-and-down vertical pattern. It includes communication between business leaders, team leaders and employees.
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  Listening Skills  contributeto your ability to accurately receive information when communicating with others. These skills are an important part of effective communication in the workplace. IMPORTANCE OF LISTENING SKILLS • Building Relationships • Learning new skills • Performing effectively
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  4 TYPES OFLISTENING SKILLS  Deep listening includes paying attention to verbal and non-verbal cues in order to gain a full understanding of the speaker's experiences, thoughts, feelings and objectives.  Full listening fully comprehend the practical content of a speaker's message. This type of listening often involves active listening skills, like paraphrasing and asking clarifying questions.  Critical listening involves using logic and reasoning to separate opinion and fact when listening to a speaker's message. Critical listening usually involves using your previous knowledge or experiences to identify factual content in communication.  Therapeutic listening more intimate type of listening that often involves receiving information from a speaker about their challenges or emotional situations.
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  SUPERVISION  the actof overseeing teams of employees and guiding daily operations in a business. A supervisor or manager is the company's connection between the employees and the executive team of the business. Managers conduct interviews, assign productivity quotas, monitor employee progress and help set goals for the company and its employees.
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  MOTIVATION  refers tothe steps managers can take to inspire their teams to achieve more and to support their workplace experience. When a company has managers who motivate their teams, they may find an overall increase in productivity and achievement.
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  “A good leaderinspires people to have confidence in the leader. A great leader inspires people to have confidence in themselves.”- Eleanor Roosevelt THANK YOU!
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  REFERENCES  https://businessjargons.com/communication-process.html  https://www.iedunote.com/function-of-management-process https://leverageedu.com/blog/modes-of-communication/  https://www.businesscommunicationarticles.com/principles-of-effective-communication/  https://www.businesscommunicationarticles.com/lateral-horizontal-communication-definition/  https://haiilo.com/blog/organizational-communication-9-steps-to-create-a-successful-strategy/  https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/barriers-to-effective-communication/  https://sg.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/listening-skills  https://au.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/motivation-in- management#:~:text=Motivation%20in%20management%20refers%20to,increase%20in%20productivity %20and%20achievement.  https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/supervisory-management