Lecture 1b introduction to arc gis
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GIS is a system for storing, mapping, and analyzing spatial data. ArcGIS is a GIS software created by ESRI. It includes ArcCatalog for data management, ArcMap for visualization and analysis, and ArcToolbox for geoprocessing tools. ArcGIS uses both vector and raster data models to represent geographic features and imagery. It can store data in shapefiles, geodatabases, coverages, and other formats. ArcCatalog allows users to organize, search, and document their spatial data with metadata. ArcMap allows users to visualize, query, and analyze spatial data in layers.
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Lecture 1b introduction to arc gis
- 2. What is GIS? • Many definitions available • System for display, storage, mapping, analysis of spatial data • Many acronyms for GIS • Geographic Information Systems • Geographic Information Science – Body of Knowledge • Geographic Information Services, etc. 2 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 3. History of ArcGIS 3 1969 Jack Dangermond founds ESRI 1982 Arc/INFO (Unix) 1989 PC Arc/INFO (DOS + Windows) 1992 ArcView + Arc/INFO 2002 ArcView 3.3 “retired product” 1999 ArcGIS v.8.0 (to v8.3) 2004 ArcGIS v.9.0 2008 ArcGIS v.9.3Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 4. Overview of ArcGIS Desktop • ArcGIS Desktop has three levels of licensing: • ArcView – Mapping + geoprocessing + data management • ArcEditor – ArcView + additional editing + additional geoprocessing • ArcInfo – ArcEditor + advanced geoprocessing + extensive database management + high-end cartography 4 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 5. ArcGIS Desktop Components • ArcCatalog • ArcMap • ArcToolbox • Extensions • 3D Analyst, Spatial Analyst, Network Analyst, Geostatistical Analyst, Crime Analyst, ArcGIS Schematics, Business Analyst, PLTS, Data Interoperability, Tracking Analyst, ArcGIS Publisher, Survey Analyst, ArcScan (included with ArcEditor license), Maplex (included with Arcinfo license) http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/about/desktop_extensions.html http://support.esri.com/index.cfm?fa=software.extentions 5 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 6. Data Models - 1 • How we represent real world spatial phenomena • Two main models: • Vector – Points (single x,y coordinate) – Lines (strings of x,y coordinates) – Polygons (closed string of x,y coordinates) • Raster – A grid of (often) square-shaped cells – Individual cells together are used to create a layer of points, lines and areas 6 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 7. Data Models - 2 – Other models: • Surfaces for 3D visualisation • Networks (geometric, transportation) 7 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 8. ESRI Data Formats • Coverages (vector) and GRIDs (raster) – Consists of two folders: • name of coverage or grid • INFO directory • Shapefiles • Geodatabases 8 Examples of coverages in Windows File Explorer Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 9. Shapefiles <filename>.shp stores the spatial or feature information <filename>.dbf dBASE file contains attribute information about the spatial features <filename>.shx stores the index of the features <filename>.sbn stores the spatial index of features <filename>.sbx also stores information pertaining to the spatial index of features <filename>.prj contains projection information Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 10. Geodatabases • Core ArcGIS data model • A comprehensive model for representing and managing geographic data • Personal Geodatabase • Single user editing / multiple readers • Stored in MS Access • Size limit of 2 GB • File Geodatabase • Single user editing / multiple readers • 1 TB per table • Reduced storage requirements • ArcSDE Geodatabase • Stored in an Enterprise DBMS • Supports multiuser editing via versioning • Requires ArcEditor or ArcInfo to edit ArcGIS Personal Geodatabase File Geodatabase ArcSDE Geodatabase Oracle SQL Server DB2 Informix PostgreSQL ArcSDE Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 11. An Introduction to ArcCatalog Hands-on Exercise #1 11
- 13. The ArcCatalog Interface 13 5 Dockable toolbars 7 Geography Preview Mode 1 Title bar 4 Standard toolbar 6 Catalog Tree (navigation) 3 Metadata toolbar 2 Location toolbar Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 14. Catalog Tree 14 • Icons identify data types • Right-click of a context menus • Supports drag, drop, copy, paste • Displays folder connections • Displays other connections • ArcSDE databases • Web servers (internal, ESRI) Context menu Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 16. Preview - Table View 16 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 18. Management tasks • Copy, paste, delete, rename data • Move to other locations • Create new objects • Connect to folders 18 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 19. Searching for Data • Edit Search • can search for geography or metadata • can search using different parameters • Name + physical location • Geography • Date 19 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 20. ArcCatalog Options • Tools Options • Manage ArcCatalog’s content and behaviour • Add new file types (e.g. ppt) • Set font characteristics for tables • Set geoprocessing environment • Set metadata defaults 20 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 21. Metadata • Descriptive information about data • Content • Quality • Condition • Origin • Other characteristics – But do you really need it? • All GIS resources need metadata – Spatial data – Non-spatial data 21 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 22. Metadata in ArcCatalog •One-stop shop for all your metadata needs •Oan create metadata for anything visible in the catalog • ArcCatalog has the tools for working with it • ToolsOptions Metadata tab • Metadata toolbar for working with metadata 22 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 23. Create and update metadata • Automatically • Created first time an item’s metadata is viewed • Updated whenever metadata is viewed in metadata tab • Edit metadata button • Manually • Tools Options Metadata tab • Create / Update metadata button • Choose your stylesheet here 23 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 24. In Summary ArcCatalog allows you to: •Browse, manage and find spatial data •Record, view and manage metadata •Search for GIS data on local drives, networks and the Web •Define, import and export geodatabases and other datasets •Create and manage the schemas of geodatabases •Administer ArcSDE geodatabases •Administer an ArcGIS server 24 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 25. An Introduction to ArcMap Hands-on Exercise #2 25
- 26. The ArcMap Interface 26 4 Standard Toolbar 1 Table of Contents 6 Drawing Toolbar 2 Map Display 5 Tools Toolbar 3 Main Menu Toolbar Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 27. Adding Layers • Use the Add Data button • Search for data in ArcCatalog and slide the data into ArcMap 27 Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 29. Tools Toolbar 29 Zoom outZoom in Pan Go to full extent Zoom out to a fixed extentZoom in to a fixed extent Go to previous extent Go to next extent Measure Clear selected features Select elements Identify Find Select features Go to X-Y coordinate Hyperlink Sarfaraz Alam, [email protected]
- 30. Thank you 30
Editor's Notes
- #9: Examples of raster: land use, satellite images, DEMs vs. rasters that are tifs