Long term financing refers to borrowing expected to be fully repaid over a period exceeding one year, including bank loans and equity instruments, aimed at strategic capital projects or business expansion. Advantages include aiding long-term objectives, managing assets, and supporting investor ownership, while disadvantages involve strict regulations, high leverage risks, and potential bankruptcy from non-repayment. Key data is presented on market capitalization, net profit, sales, and debt for companies like TCS, Infosys, Wipro, and Tech Mahindra.