![ก
F 1 ʾก ก 2553 ก ʾ 4
F ก F
1 ก ก F F
1. F p, q r ˈ F F ˈ F
F ˈ
1. 2.∼ p → (q ∧ r) (r ∨ p) → (∼ q ∧ r)
3. 4.(∼ p ↔ ∼ q) ∧ (p → ∼ q) (p∧∼ q) ↔ (q ∨ r)
2. ก p, q, r s ˈ F F ˈ ก F F
F F ˈ
1. 2.(p ∨ q) ↔ ∼ (r → s) (p ∧ q) → (r ∨ s)
3. 4.∼ (p → q) → r ∼ (p ↔ q) ∨ (r ∧ s)
3. ก F ˈ F ˈ(p ∧ q) → (r ∧ s) p → ∼ r
F F p, q, r s F
1. T, T, T, F 2. T, T, T, T
3. T, T, F, T 4. T, T, F, F
4. F p, q, r s ˈ F F F ˈ[(p → ∼ q) ∨ r] ∧ (q ∨ s)
F ˈ F F F F ˈp ∧ s → r
1. 2.p → q q → r
3. 4.r → s s → p
5. " F F " ก Fx ≤ 2 x2 ≥ 4
1. 2.x > 2 x2 ≥ 4 x ≤ 2 x2 > 4
3. 4.x > 2 x2 < 4 x ≤ 2 x2 < 4
6. F ก F F(p → r) ∧ (q → r)
1. 2.(∼ p∧∼ q) ∨ r (∼ p∨∼ q) ∧ r
3. 4.(p ∧ q) → r (p → q) → r
1
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-1-320.jpg)
![7. F " F F F F ก F "
ก F
1. F F F ก F
2. F F F ก
3. F F ก F F
4. F F ก F F
8. F F F F ก F
1. กp ↔ q (∼ q → ∼ p) ∧ (p∨∼ q)
2. ก∼ (p → q) ∨ r r ∨ (p∧∼ q)
3. ก∼ p → ∼ (q → p) p ∨ (∼ p ∨ q)
4. ก(p → ∼ r) ∧ (q → ∼ r) ∼ (p ∨ q)∨∼ r
9. F ก F F[p ∧ (q∨∼ q)] → [q ∨ (p∧∼ p)]
1. p 2. q
3. 4.p → q q → p
10. F F
ก. ˈ F[(p → q)∧∼ q] → ∼ p
. F ˈ F[(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] ↔ [p → r]
F ก F
1. ก F ก. 2. ก F .
3. ก F ก. . 4. F ก. .
11. F F F F ˈ F
1. 2.[∼ p → (q∧∼ q)] → p [p ∨ (q ∧ r)] ↔ [(p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)]
3. 4.p → (r∨∼ r) [(p ∨ q) → r] ↔ [∼ r → (∼ p∨∼ q)]
12. F F
ก. [(p → r) ∧ (q → r)] ↔ [(∼ p ∨ q) → ∼ r]
. [(p ∨ q) ∧ (p → r) ∧ (q → r)] → r
F ก F ก F
1. ˈ F ก. . 2. F ˈ F ก. .
3. F ก. ˈ F F 4. F . ˈ F F
2
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-2-320.jpg)
![13. F F F ˈ Fก F
ก. [p ∨ (∼ q∧∼ r)] ∨ [(p → q) ∨ r]
. (p ↔ q) ↔ [(p∧∼ q) ∨ (∼ p ∧ q)]
. [(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] → (p → r)
1. 1 F 2. 2 F
3. 3 F 4. 4 F
14. ก ก F UUUU F F F ˈ= {−2, − 1, 0, 1, 2}
1. 2.∀x [x < (x − 1)2] ∀x [x2 ≥ x − 1]
3. 4.∃x [x2 ≥ 9] ∃x [x2 + x − 12 = 0]
15. ก F ก F ˈ ก
P(x) x ˈ ก , Q(x) x ˈ
F " ก ก ˈ " ก F F ก F
1. 2.∀x [P(x) → Q(x)] ∀x [Q(x) → P(x)]
3. 4.∀x [P(x) ↔ Q(x)] ∃x [P(x) → Q(x)]
16. F F
ก. ก∀x [P(x) ∨ Q(x)] ∀x [∼ P(x) → Q(x)]
. ก∼ ∀x [x = 2 → x2 = 4] ∀x [x2 ≠ 4 → x ≠ 2]
F F ก F
1. ก. , . 2. ก. , .
3. ก. , . 4. ก. , .
17. ก U F F F ˈ= {−2, − 1, 0, 1, 2}
1. 2.∃x ∃y [x2 + y ≥ 0] ∃x ∀y [x2y ≥ y2x]
3. 4.∀x ∃y [xy = x + y] ∃x ∃y [x2y ≥ 0]
18. F " ก ก F " ก F
1. ก F 2. ก ก F F
3. ก F F 4. ก ก F
3
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-3-320.jpg)
![19. ก F F F
ก. 1. . 1.p → ∼ q p → q
2. 2.q ∨ r ∼ p → r
3. 3.∼ r s → ∼ r
4. ∼ q
p s
ก F F ก. . F F ก F
1. ก. .
2. ก. , . F
3. ก. F , .
4. ก. . F
20. ก 1. ∼ p → ∼ q
2. p → (r ∨ s)
3. q ∨ t
4. ∼ t
F F Fก F
1. 2. 3. 4.s → r s → ∼ r r → ∼ s ∼ r → s
2
21. ก F ˈ F F[∼ p ∧ (∼ q → s)] → (s∨∼ r)
p, q, r s
22. ก p, q, r ˈ F F ˈ Fp → q q ∨ r
ˈ F F [∼ q ∧ (p ∨ r)] ↔ ∼ r
23. F F F F ก∼ p → [q → (r ∨ p)]
ก F(p∨∼ q) ∨ r
24. F F ก[∼ (∼ p → (q ∧ r)) ∧ (∼ r → q)] → (p ∨ r)
q → (∼ p → r)
4
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-4-320.jpg)
![25. F F ก F ˈ F F
[((p ∧ q) → r) ∧ (p → q)] → (p → r)
26. F F ก F ˈ F F
[(p → q) ∧ (p → r)] ↔ [p → (q ∧ r)]
27. F F ก F
27.1 x ก y F Fxy > 0 x < 0 y < 0
27.2 x ˈ ก F x F ˈ
28. F F ก F
28.1 ก∀x [P(x) → ∼ Q(x)] ∀x [Q(x) → P(x)]
28.2 ก∼ ∃x [P(x) ↔ Q(x)] ∀x [(P(x) → ∼ Q(x)) ∧ (∼ Q(x) → P(x))]
29. F ∀x [x > 0] ∧ ∃x [x2 < 0]
30. F ก F F
1. ∼ p → (q → ∼ r)
2. ∼ p ∨ s
3. ∼ t → q
4. ∼ s
t ∨∼ r
*******************
5
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-5-320.jpg)
![4. 1
[(p → ∼ q) ∨ r] ∧ (q ∨ s) (p ∧ s) → r
T F
T T T F
T F T T T r ≡ F
T T p ≡ T
q ≡ F s ≡ T
5. 1
ก F F p x ≤ 2, q x2 ≥ 4
F p → q ≡ ∼ p ∨ q
6. 1
(p → r) ∧ (q → r) ≡ (∼ p ∨ r) ∧ (∼ q ∨ r) ≡ (∼ p ∧∼ q) ∨ r
7. 1
F p F , q ก , r
∼ [(∼ p ∧∼ q) → r] ≡ (∼ p ∧∼ q)∧∼ r
8. 3
F 1. p ↔ q ≡ (p → q) ∧ (q → p) ≡ (∼ q → ∼ p) ∧ (∼ q ∨ p)
F 2. ∼ (p → q) ∨ r ≡ r ∨∼ (p → q) ≡ r ∨ (p ∧∼ q)
F 3. ∼ p → ∼ (q → p) ≡ ∼ (∼ p)∨∼ (q → p) ≡ p ∨ (q ∧∼ p)
F 4. (p → ∼ r) ∧ (q → ∼ r) ≡ (∼ p ∨∼ r) ∧ (∼ q ∨∼ r) ≡ (∼ p ∧∼ q)∨∼ r
≡ ∼ (p ∨ q)∨∼ r
9. 3
[p ∧ (q∨∼ q)] → [q ∨ (p ∧∼ p)]
≡ (p ∧ T) → (q ∨ F) ≡ p → q
7
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-7-320.jpg)
![10. 3
ก. ˈ F[(p → q)∧∼ q] → ∼ p
F
T F
T T p ≡ T
T F q ≡ F
F F
. (p → q) ∧ (q → r) ≡ (∼ p ∨ q) ∧ (∼ q ∨ r) ≡/ p → r
∴ F F ˈ F[(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] ↔ (p → r)
11. 4
F 1. ˈ F[∼ p → (q ∧∼ q)] → p
F
T F
F F p ≡ F
Fp ≡ T
F 2. p ∨ (q ∧ r) ≡ (p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)
∴ ˈ F
F 3. ∴ ˈ Fp → (r ∨∼ r) ≡ p → T
F 4. (p ∨ q) → r ≡ ∼ r → ∼ (p ∨ q) ≡ ∼ r → (∼ p ∧∼ q)
≡/ ∼ r → (∼ p ∨∼ q)
∴ F ˈ F
12. 4
F ก. (p → r) ∧ (q → r) ≡ (∼ p ∨ r) ∧ (∼ q ∨ r) ≡ (∼ p ∧∼ q) ∨ r
≡ ∼ (p ∨ q) ∨ r ≡ (p ∨ q) → r ≡/ (∼ p ∨ q) → ∼ r
∴ F ก. F ˈ F
8
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-8-320.jpg)
![F . ˈ F[(p ∨ q) ∧ (p → r) ∧ (q → r)] → r
F
T T T F
F F F F FF ∨ F r ≡ F
F p ≡ F q ≡ F
13. 2
ก. ˈ F[p ∨ (∼ q ∧∼ r)] ∨ [(p → q) ∨ r]
F
F F
F F F F
T Fp ≡ F r ≡ F
p ≡ T q ≡ F
. p ↔ q ≡ (p → q) ∧ (q → p) ≡ (∼ p ∨ q) ∧ (∼ q ∨ p)
∴ F ˈ F≡/ (p ∧∼ q) ∨ (∼ p ∧ q)
. ˈ F[(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] → (p → r)
F
T F
T T T F
T T T → F p ≡ T r ≡ F
Fq ≡ T
14. 2
F 1. F ʽ Fx = 2 2 </ (2 − 1)2
F 2. F x ก F ˈ
F 3. F x ก F F ˈ
F 4. ∴x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) = 0 x = − 4, 3
F UUUU F F ˈ−4, 3
F
F
9
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-9-320.jpg)
![15. 1
16. 1
ก. ∀x [∼ P(x) → Q(x)] ≡ ∀x [∼ (∼ P(x) ∨ Q(x)]
≡ ∀x [P(x) ∨ Q(x)]
. ∼ ∀x [x = 2 → x2 = 4] ≡ ∀x [x = 2 → x2 = 4]
≡ ∀x [x2 ≠ 4 → x ≠ 2]
17. 3
F 1. ∃x ∃y [x2 + y ≥ 0] ≡ T x = 1, y = 2
F 2. ∃x ∀y [x2y ≥ y2x] ≡ T x = 0
F ∀y [0 ≥ 0] ≡ T
F 3. ∀x ∃y [xy = x + y] ≡ F x = 1
F ∃y [y = 1 + y] ≡ F
F 4. ∃x ∃y [x2y ≥ 0] ≡ T x = 1, y = 2
18. 3
F P(x) x F UUUU ก
∼ ∀x [P(x)] ≡ ∃x [∼ P(x)]
19. 2
ก. 1. 3 ∴p → ∼ q ≡ T p ≡ T
2. 2 ∴q ∨ r ≡ T q ≡ T
3. 1 ∴∼ r ≡ T r ≡ F
F ∴p ≡ T
. 1. 2 ∴p → q ≡ T p ≡ F
2. 3 ∴∼ p → r ≡ T r ≡ T
3. 4 ∴s → ∼ r ≡ T s ≡ F
4. 1 ∴∼ q ≡ T q ≡ F
∴ Fs ≡ F
10
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-10-320.jpg)
![20. 4
1. 3 ∴∼ p → ∼ q ≡ T p ≡ T
2. 4 ∴p → (r ∨ s) ≡ T r ∨ s ≡ T
3. 2 ∴q ∨ t ≡ T q ≡ T
4. 1 ∴∼ t ≡ T t ≡ F
ก F F Fr ∨ s ≡ T r ∨ s ≡ ∼ r → s
∴ F∼ r → s ≡ T
21. [∼ p ∧ (∼ q → s)] → (s ∨∼ r)
F
T F
T T F F
F Fp ≡ F s ≡ F r ≡ T
q ≡ T
∴ p ≡ F, q ≡ T, r ≡ T, s ≡ F
22. ก p → q q ∨ r
F T
T F F T
p ≡ T q ≡ F r ≡ T
[∼ q ∧ (p ∨ r)] ↔ ∼ r
T T T F
T
T
F
∴ F ˈ[∼ q ∧ (p ∨ r)] ↔ ∼ r
11
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-11-320.jpg)
![23.
p q r ∼ p ∼ q r ∨ p q → (r ∨ p) ∼ p → [q → (r ∨ p)] p ∨∼ q (p ∨∼ q) ∨ r
T T T F F T T T T T
T T F F F T T T T T
T F T F T T T T T T
T F F F T T T T T T
F T T T F T T T F T
F T F T F F F F F F
F F T T T T T T T T
F F F T T F T T T T
ก F F ก กก
∴ F ก
24. [∼ (∼ p → (q ∧ r)) ∧ (∼ r → q)] → (p ∨ r)
≡ ∼ [∼ (∼ p → (q ∧ r)) ∧ (∼ r → q)] ∨ (p ∨ r)
≡ [ (∼ p → (q ∧ r)) ∨ ∼ (r ∨ q)] ∨ (p ∨ r)
≡ (p ∨ (q ∧ r) ∨ (∼ r ∧ ∼ q)] ∨ p ∨ r
≡ p ∨ (q ∧ r) ∨ [(∼ r ∧ ∼ q) ∨ r]
≡ p ∨ (q ∧ r) ∨ [(∼ r ∨ r) ∧ (∼ q ∨ r)]
≡ p ∨ (q ∧ r) ∨ (∼ q ∨ r)
≡ p ∨ [(q∨∼ q ∨ r) ∧ (r ∨∼ q ∨ r)]
≡ p ∨ (r ∨ ∼ q)
≡ ∼ q ∨ (p ∨ r)
≡ ∼ q ∨ (∼ p → r)
≡ q → (∼ p → r)
12
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-12-320.jpg)
![25. [((p ∧ q) → r) ∧ (p → q)] → (p → r)
F
T F
T T T F
T T(T ∧ T) → F p ≡ T r ≡ F
F q ≡ T
∴ F ˈ F
26. ˈ F↔ ∆ ≡ ∆
ก (p → q) ∧ (p → r) ≡ (∼ p ∨ q) ∧ (∼ p ∨ r)
≡ ∼ p ∨ (q ∧ r)
≡ p → (q ∧ r)
∴ F ˈ F
27. 27.1 ∀x ∃y [xy > 0 → (x < 0 ∨ y < 0)]
27.2 F UUUU = (R), Q ก
I
∃x [x ∈ Q ∧ x ∉ I]
28. 28.1 ∀x [P(x) → ∼ Q(x)]
≡ ∀x [∼ (∼ Q(x)) → ∼ P(x)] ≡ ∀x [Q(x) → ∼ P(x)]
∴ F F ก
28.2 ∼ ∃x [P(x) ↔ Q(x)] ≡ ∀x [P(x) ↔ ∼ Q(x)]
≡ ∀x [(P(x) → ∼ Q(x)) ∧ (∼ Q(x) → P(x))]
∴ F ก
29. ∼ (∀x [x > 0] ∧ ∃x [x2 < 0] ≡ ∼ ∀x [x > 0] ∨∼ ∃x [x2 < 0]
≡ ∃x [x ≤ 0] ∧ ∀x [x2 ≥ 0]
F
13
ˆ F F F](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m4-logic-midterm-153-190522065850/85/M4-logic-midterm-153-13-320.jpg)
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Similar to M4 logic-midterm-153(20)
M4 logic-midterm-153
- 1. ก F 1 ʾกก 2553 ก ʾ 4 F ก F 1 ก ก F F 1. F p, q r ˈ F F ˈ F F ˈ 1. 2.∼ p → (q ∧ r) (r ∨ p) → (∼ q ∧ r) 3. 4.(∼ p ↔ ∼ q) ∧ (p → ∼ q) (p∧∼ q) ↔ (q ∨ r) 2. ก p, q, r s ˈ F F ˈ ก F F F F ˈ 1. 2.(p ∨ q) ↔ ∼ (r → s) (p ∧ q) → (r ∨ s) 3. 4.∼ (p → q) → r ∼ (p ↔ q) ∨ (r ∧ s) 3. ก F ˈ F ˈ(p ∧ q) → (r ∧ s) p → ∼ r F F p, q, r s F 1. T, T, T, F 2. T, T, T, T 3. T, T, F, T 4. T, T, F, F 4. F p, q, r s ˈ F F F ˈ[(p → ∼ q) ∨ r] ∧ (q ∨ s) F ˈ F F F F ˈp ∧ s → r 1. 2.p → q q → r 3. 4.r → s s → p 5. " F F " ก Fx ≤ 2 x2 ≥ 4 1. 2.x > 2 x2 ≥ 4 x ≤ 2 x2 > 4 3. 4.x > 2 x2 < 4 x ≤ 2 x2 < 4 6. F ก F F(p → r) ∧ (q → r) 1. 2.(∼ p∧∼ q) ∨ r (∼ p∨∼ q) ∧ r 3. 4.(p ∧ q) → r (p → q) → r 1 ˆ F F F
- 2. 7. F "F F F F ก F " ก F 1. F F F ก F 2. F F F ก 3. F F ก F F 4. F F ก F F 8. F F F F ก F 1. กp ↔ q (∼ q → ∼ p) ∧ (p∨∼ q) 2. ก∼ (p → q) ∨ r r ∨ (p∧∼ q) 3. ก∼ p → ∼ (q → p) p ∨ (∼ p ∨ q) 4. ก(p → ∼ r) ∧ (q → ∼ r) ∼ (p ∨ q)∨∼ r 9. F ก F F[p ∧ (q∨∼ q)] → [q ∨ (p∧∼ p)] 1. p 2. q 3. 4.p → q q → p 10. F F ก. ˈ F[(p → q)∧∼ q] → ∼ p . F ˈ F[(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] ↔ [p → r] F ก F 1. ก F ก. 2. ก F . 3. ก F ก. . 4. F ก. . 11. F F F F ˈ F 1. 2.[∼ p → (q∧∼ q)] → p [p ∨ (q ∧ r)] ↔ [(p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)] 3. 4.p → (r∨∼ r) [(p ∨ q) → r] ↔ [∼ r → (∼ p∨∼ q)] 12. F F ก. [(p → r) ∧ (q → r)] ↔ [(∼ p ∨ q) → ∼ r] . [(p ∨ q) ∧ (p → r) ∧ (q → r)] → r F ก F ก F 1. ˈ F ก. . 2. F ˈ F ก. . 3. F ก. ˈ F F 4. F . ˈ F F 2 ˆ F F F
- 3. 13. F FF ˈ Fก F ก. [p ∨ (∼ q∧∼ r)] ∨ [(p → q) ∨ r] . (p ↔ q) ↔ [(p∧∼ q) ∨ (∼ p ∧ q)] . [(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] → (p → r) 1. 1 F 2. 2 F 3. 3 F 4. 4 F 14. ก ก F UUUU F F F ˈ= {−2, − 1, 0, 1, 2} 1. 2.∀x [x < (x − 1)2] ∀x [x2 ≥ x − 1] 3. 4.∃x [x2 ≥ 9] ∃x [x2 + x − 12 = 0] 15. ก F ก F ˈ ก P(x) x ˈ ก , Q(x) x ˈ F " ก ก ˈ " ก F F ก F 1. 2.∀x [P(x) → Q(x)] ∀x [Q(x) → P(x)] 3. 4.∀x [P(x) ↔ Q(x)] ∃x [P(x) → Q(x)] 16. F F ก. ก∀x [P(x) ∨ Q(x)] ∀x [∼ P(x) → Q(x)] . ก∼ ∀x [x = 2 → x2 = 4] ∀x [x2 ≠ 4 → x ≠ 2] F F ก F 1. ก. , . 2. ก. , . 3. ก. , . 4. ก. , . 17. ก U F F F ˈ= {−2, − 1, 0, 1, 2} 1. 2.∃x ∃y [x2 + y ≥ 0] ∃x ∀y [x2y ≥ y2x] 3. 4.∀x ∃y [xy = x + y] ∃x ∃y [x2y ≥ 0] 18. F " ก ก F " ก F 1. ก F 2. ก ก F F 3. ก F F 4. ก ก F 3 ˆ F F F
- 4. 19. ก FF F ก. 1. . 1.p → ∼ q p → q 2. 2.q ∨ r ∼ p → r 3. 3.∼ r s → ∼ r 4. ∼ q p s ก F F ก. . F F ก F 1. ก. . 2. ก. , . F 3. ก. F , . 4. ก. . F 20. ก 1. ∼ p → ∼ q 2. p → (r ∨ s) 3. q ∨ t 4. ∼ t F F Fก F 1. 2. 3. 4.s → r s → ∼ r r → ∼ s ∼ r → s 2 21. ก F ˈ F F[∼ p ∧ (∼ q → s)] → (s∨∼ r) p, q, r s 22. ก p, q, r ˈ F F ˈ Fp → q q ∨ r ˈ F F [∼ q ∧ (p ∨ r)] ↔ ∼ r 23. F F F F ก∼ p → [q → (r ∨ p)] ก F(p∨∼ q) ∨ r 24. F F ก[∼ (∼ p → (q ∧ r)) ∧ (∼ r → q)] → (p ∨ r) q → (∼ p → r) 4 ˆ F F F
- 5. 25. F Fก F ˈ F F [((p ∧ q) → r) ∧ (p → q)] → (p → r) 26. F F ก F ˈ F F [(p → q) ∧ (p → r)] ↔ [p → (q ∧ r)] 27. F F ก F 27.1 x ก y F Fxy > 0 x < 0 y < 0 27.2 x ˈ ก F x F ˈ 28. F F ก F 28.1 ก∀x [P(x) → ∼ Q(x)] ∀x [Q(x) → P(x)] 28.2 ก∼ ∃x [P(x) ↔ Q(x)] ∀x [(P(x) → ∼ Q(x)) ∧ (∼ Q(x) → P(x))] 29. F ∀x [x > 0] ∧ ∃x [x2 < 0] 30. F ก F F 1. ∼ p → (q → ∼ r) 2. ∼ p ∨ s 3. ∼ t → q 4. ∼ s t ∨∼ r ******************* 5 ˆ F F F
- 6. ก ก F 1. 2 ∼p → (q ∧ r) (r ∨ p) → (∼ q ∧ r) T T F F F F F F F F F T (∼ p ↔ ∼ q) ∧ (p → ∼ q) (p ∧ ∼ q) ↔ (q ∨ r) T F F F F F T F F T F T F F 2. 4 (p ∨ q) ↔ ∼ (r → s) (p ∧ q) → (r ∨ s) F F F F F F F F F T F F F T T ∼ (p → q) → r ∼ (p ↔ q) ∨ (r ∧ s) F F F F F F F T T F F F T F 3. 1 (p ∧ q) → (r ∧ s) p → ∼ r F F T F T F T T T F r ≡ T p ≡ T q ≡ T s ≡ F 6 ˆ F F F
- 7. 4. 1 [(p →∼ q) ∨ r] ∧ (q ∨ s) (p ∧ s) → r T F T T T F T F T T T r ≡ F T T p ≡ T q ≡ F s ≡ T 5. 1 ก F F p x ≤ 2, q x2 ≥ 4 F p → q ≡ ∼ p ∨ q 6. 1 (p → r) ∧ (q → r) ≡ (∼ p ∨ r) ∧ (∼ q ∨ r) ≡ (∼ p ∧∼ q) ∨ r 7. 1 F p F , q ก , r ∼ [(∼ p ∧∼ q) → r] ≡ (∼ p ∧∼ q)∧∼ r 8. 3 F 1. p ↔ q ≡ (p → q) ∧ (q → p) ≡ (∼ q → ∼ p) ∧ (∼ q ∨ p) F 2. ∼ (p → q) ∨ r ≡ r ∨∼ (p → q) ≡ r ∨ (p ∧∼ q) F 3. ∼ p → ∼ (q → p) ≡ ∼ (∼ p)∨∼ (q → p) ≡ p ∨ (q ∧∼ p) F 4. (p → ∼ r) ∧ (q → ∼ r) ≡ (∼ p ∨∼ r) ∧ (∼ q ∨∼ r) ≡ (∼ p ∧∼ q)∨∼ r ≡ ∼ (p ∨ q)∨∼ r 9. 3 [p ∧ (q∨∼ q)] → [q ∨ (p ∧∼ p)] ≡ (p ∧ T) → (q ∨ F) ≡ p → q 7 ˆ F F F
- 8. 10. 3 ก. ˈF[(p → q)∧∼ q] → ∼ p F T F T T p ≡ T T F q ≡ F F F . (p → q) ∧ (q → r) ≡ (∼ p ∨ q) ∧ (∼ q ∨ r) ≡/ p → r ∴ F F ˈ F[(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] ↔ (p → r) 11. 4 F 1. ˈ F[∼ p → (q ∧∼ q)] → p F T F F F p ≡ F Fp ≡ T F 2. p ∨ (q ∧ r) ≡ (p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r) ∴ ˈ F F 3. ∴ ˈ Fp → (r ∨∼ r) ≡ p → T F 4. (p ∨ q) → r ≡ ∼ r → ∼ (p ∨ q) ≡ ∼ r → (∼ p ∧∼ q) ≡/ ∼ r → (∼ p ∨∼ q) ∴ F ˈ F 12. 4 F ก. (p → r) ∧ (q → r) ≡ (∼ p ∨ r) ∧ (∼ q ∨ r) ≡ (∼ p ∧∼ q) ∨ r ≡ ∼ (p ∨ q) ∨ r ≡ (p ∨ q) → r ≡/ (∼ p ∨ q) → ∼ r ∴ F ก. F ˈ F 8 ˆ F F F
- 9. F . ˈF[(p ∨ q) ∧ (p → r) ∧ (q → r)] → r F T T T F F F F F FF ∨ F r ≡ F F p ≡ F q ≡ F 13. 2 ก. ˈ F[p ∨ (∼ q ∧∼ r)] ∨ [(p → q) ∨ r] F F F F F F F T Fp ≡ F r ≡ F p ≡ T q ≡ F . p ↔ q ≡ (p → q) ∧ (q → p) ≡ (∼ p ∨ q) ∧ (∼ q ∨ p) ∴ F ˈ F≡/ (p ∧∼ q) ∨ (∼ p ∧ q) . ˈ F[(p → q) ∧ (q → r)] → (p → r) F T F T T T F T T T → F p ≡ T r ≡ F Fq ≡ T 14. 2 F 1. F ʽ Fx = 2 2 </ (2 − 1)2 F 2. F x ก F ˈ F 3. F x ก F F ˈ F 4. ∴x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4)(x − 3) = 0 x = − 4, 3 F UUUU F F ˈ−4, 3 F F 9 ˆ F F F
- 10. 15. 1 16. 1 ก.∀x [∼ P(x) → Q(x)] ≡ ∀x [∼ (∼ P(x) ∨ Q(x)] ≡ ∀x [P(x) ∨ Q(x)] . ∼ ∀x [x = 2 → x2 = 4] ≡ ∀x [x = 2 → x2 = 4] ≡ ∀x [x2 ≠ 4 → x ≠ 2] 17. 3 F 1. ∃x ∃y [x2 + y ≥ 0] ≡ T x = 1, y = 2 F 2. ∃x ∀y [x2y ≥ y2x] ≡ T x = 0 F ∀y [0 ≥ 0] ≡ T F 3. ∀x ∃y [xy = x + y] ≡ F x = 1 F ∃y [y = 1 + y] ≡ F F 4. ∃x ∃y [x2y ≥ 0] ≡ T x = 1, y = 2 18. 3 F P(x) x F UUUU ก ∼ ∀x [P(x)] ≡ ∃x [∼ P(x)] 19. 2 ก. 1. 3 ∴p → ∼ q ≡ T p ≡ T 2. 2 ∴q ∨ r ≡ T q ≡ T 3. 1 ∴∼ r ≡ T r ≡ F F ∴p ≡ T . 1. 2 ∴p → q ≡ T p ≡ F 2. 3 ∴∼ p → r ≡ T r ≡ T 3. 4 ∴s → ∼ r ≡ T s ≡ F 4. 1 ∴∼ q ≡ T q ≡ F ∴ Fs ≡ F 10 ˆ F F F
- 11. 20. 4 1. 3∴∼ p → ∼ q ≡ T p ≡ T 2. 4 ∴p → (r ∨ s) ≡ T r ∨ s ≡ T 3. 2 ∴q ∨ t ≡ T q ≡ T 4. 1 ∴∼ t ≡ T t ≡ F ก F F Fr ∨ s ≡ T r ∨ s ≡ ∼ r → s ∴ F∼ r → s ≡ T 21. [∼ p ∧ (∼ q → s)] → (s ∨∼ r) F T F T T F F F Fp ≡ F s ≡ F r ≡ T q ≡ T ∴ p ≡ F, q ≡ T, r ≡ T, s ≡ F 22. ก p → q q ∨ r F T T F F T p ≡ T q ≡ F r ≡ T [∼ q ∧ (p ∨ r)] ↔ ∼ r T T T F T T F ∴ F ˈ[∼ q ∧ (p ∨ r)] ↔ ∼ r 11 ˆ F F F
- 12. 23. p q r∼ p ∼ q r ∨ p q → (r ∨ p) ∼ p → [q → (r ∨ p)] p ∨∼ q (p ∨∼ q) ∨ r T T T F F T T T T T T T F F F T T T T T T F T F T T T T T T T F F F T T T T T T F T T T F T T T F T F T F T F F F F F F F F T T T T T T T T F F F T T F T T T T ก F F ก กก ∴ F ก 24. [∼ (∼ p → (q ∧ r)) ∧ (∼ r → q)] → (p ∨ r) ≡ ∼ [∼ (∼ p → (q ∧ r)) ∧ (∼ r → q)] ∨ (p ∨ r) ≡ [ (∼ p → (q ∧ r)) ∨ ∼ (r ∨ q)] ∨ (p ∨ r) ≡ (p ∨ (q ∧ r) ∨ (∼ r ∧ ∼ q)] ∨ p ∨ r ≡ p ∨ (q ∧ r) ∨ [(∼ r ∧ ∼ q) ∨ r] ≡ p ∨ (q ∧ r) ∨ [(∼ r ∨ r) ∧ (∼ q ∨ r)] ≡ p ∨ (q ∧ r) ∨ (∼ q ∨ r) ≡ p ∨ [(q∨∼ q ∨ r) ∧ (r ∨∼ q ∨ r)] ≡ p ∨ (r ∨ ∼ q) ≡ ∼ q ∨ (p ∨ r) ≡ ∼ q ∨ (∼ p → r) ≡ q → (∼ p → r) 12 ˆ F F F
- 13. 25. [((p ∧q) → r) ∧ (p → q)] → (p → r) F T F T T T F T T(T ∧ T) → F p ≡ T r ≡ F F q ≡ T ∴ F ˈ F 26. ˈ F↔ ∆ ≡ ∆ ก (p → q) ∧ (p → r) ≡ (∼ p ∨ q) ∧ (∼ p ∨ r) ≡ ∼ p ∨ (q ∧ r) ≡ p → (q ∧ r) ∴ F ˈ F 27. 27.1 ∀x ∃y [xy > 0 → (x < 0 ∨ y < 0)] 27.2 F UUUU = (R), Q ก I ∃x [x ∈ Q ∧ x ∉ I] 28. 28.1 ∀x [P(x) → ∼ Q(x)] ≡ ∀x [∼ (∼ Q(x)) → ∼ P(x)] ≡ ∀x [Q(x) → ∼ P(x)] ∴ F F ก 28.2 ∼ ∃x [P(x) ↔ Q(x)] ≡ ∀x [P(x) ↔ ∼ Q(x)] ≡ ∀x [(P(x) → ∼ Q(x)) ∧ (∼ Q(x) → P(x))] ∴ F ก 29. ∼ (∀x [x > 0] ∧ ∃x [x2 < 0] ≡ ∼ ∀x [x > 0] ∨∼ ∃x [x2 < 0] ≡ ∃x [x ≤ 0] ∧ ∀x [x2 ≥ 0] F 13 ˆ F F F
- 14. 30. 1. ∼ p→ (q → ∼ r) q → ∼ r 2. ∼ p ∨ s ~p ∼ t → ∼ r ≡ t ∨∼ r 3. ∼ t → q 4. ∼ s ∴ ก ก F ************************** 14 ˆ F F F