Management Basics Applied to Nursing.pptx

NURSING MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Prof.[Dr]. Suchitra A Rati
Ph.D (N),M.Sc(N),RNRM
Vice Principal/ HOD
Department of Community
Health Nursing
BLDEA'S Shri B M Patil
Institute Of Nursing
Sciences, Vijayapur
Unit-II/2 Hours
• Management Basics
Applied to Nursing

Learning objectives
• Explain the
principles and
functions of
management
applied to nursing
• Describe the
introductory
concepts of
management as a
process
Management Basics Applied to Nursing
• Definitions,concepts and theories of
management
• Importance,features and levels of
management
• Management and administration
• Functions of management
• Principles of management
• Role of a nurse as a manager
Introduction to Management Process
• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing/Leading
• Controlling
Method of
teaching-
Lecture cum
discussion/MCQs
and short answer

Management and administration
• Management-Management is the process of planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling resources (human, financial,
physical) to achieve organizational goals effectively and
efficiently.
• Administration-Administration refers to the process of
determining the objectives and major policies of an organization.
It is more concerned with setting the direction and making high-
level decisions.
Relationship Between Management and Administration
• Interdependent: Management cannot function without the
direction of administration; administration needs management to
implement its policies.
• Hierarchy: Administration is usually considered higher in the
hierarchy and makes strategic decisions, while management
executes those decisions operationally

Basis of
Comparison Management Administration
Meaning
Execution of policies and
plans
Formulation of policies and
setting objectives
Focus Managing work and people
Strategic planning and
decision-making
Level Middle and lower levels Top-level
Function Doing (action-oriented) Thinking (decision-oriented)
Authority
Subordinate to
administration
Highest authority
Area of Operation
Mainly in business
organizations
Common in government,
military, education
Skills Needed Technical and human skills
Conceptual and decision-
making skills
Main Role Implements policies Develops policies

Definitions of Management
• Management has been defined in various ways by
scholars and practitioners. Here are a few widely
accepted definitions:
• Henry Fayol:
"To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to
command, to coordinate, and to control."
• Peter Drucker:
"Management is doing things right; leadership is doing
the right things."
• Koontz and O'Donnell:
"Management is the process of designing and
maintaining an environment in which individuals, working
together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims."

Core Concepts of Management
Concept Explanation
Planning
Setting goals and deciding how to achieve
them
Organizing
Arranging resources and tasks to
implement plans
Leading (Directing)
Motivating and leading personnel to
achieve goals
Controlling
Monitoring progress and making
necessary changes
Decision-Making
Choosing the best course of action
among alternatives
Coordination
Ensuring all departments and employees
work together effectively

Major Theories of Management
A. Classical Theories
• Scientific Management (Frederick
Taylor)
– Focuses on improving efficiency
through time-and-motion studies,
standardization, and specialization.
– Believes in “one best way” to do a
job.
• Administrative Theory (Henri
Fayol)
– Introduced 14 principles of
management (e.g., unity of
command, division of work, scalar
chain).
• Bureaucratic Theory (Max Weber)
• Emphasizes a structured, rule-
based, and hierarchical approach to
management
B. Behavioral Theories
• Human Relations Movement
(Elton Mayo – Hawthorne
Studies)
– Emphasized the importance of
social factors and worker
satisfaction.
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
– Managers must understand
employee motivation from basic
needs to self-actualization.
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory
Y
– Theory X: Workers are lazy and need
control.
• Theory Y: Workers are self-
motivated and thrive on
responsibility

C. Quantitative (Management Science) Approach
• Uses mathematics, statistics, and algorithms to improve
decision-making and efficiency (e.g., inventory models, linear
programming).
D. Modern Theories
• Systems Theory
– Views the organization as a system of interrelated parts working together
to achieve goals.
• Contingency Theory
– There’s no one best way to manage; effectiveness depends on the
situation.
• Total Quality Management (TQM)
– Focuses on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and
employee involvement.
• Lean Management
– Aims to minimize waste and maximize value.

Importance of Management
Point Explanation
Goal Achievement
Helps in setting objectives and ensuring they are met
effectively and efficiently.
Optimal Resource Use
Ensures best use of human, financial, and physical
resources.
Improved Efficiency
Reduces wastage, increases productivity and cost-
effectiveness.
Creates Dynamic
Organization
Helps the organization adapt to changes in environment
and technology.
Encourages Innovation
Promotes creativity and problem-solving among
employees.
Facilitates Coordination
Ensures smooth cooperation among departments and
teams.
Motivates Employees
Through leadership, communication, and incentives,
improves job satisfaction.
Establishes Sound
Structure
Defines clear roles, hierarchy, and authority to avoid
confusion.

Features / Characteristics of Management
Feature Explanation
Goal-Oriented
All activities are directed toward achieving specific
organizational goals.
Universal
Applicable in all types of organizations (business,
hospitals, schools, etc.).
Continuous Process
Involves ongoing functions: planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling.
Integrative Force
Combines resources like men, money, materials, and
methods.
Multi-dimensional Manages work, people, and operations simultaneously.
Group Activity Involves teamwork; cannot be done in isolation.
Dynamic Function
Responds to changes in internal and external
environments.
Science and Art
Based on scientific principles and also requires personal
skills and creativity.

Levels of Management
Top-Level Management (Strategic Level)
Aspect Description
Who Board of Directors, CEO, Managing Director, etc.
Functions - Set long-term goals and policies
Middle-Level Management (Tactical Level)
Who
Department Heads, Branch Managers, Division
Managers
Functions
- Implement policies and plans from top
management
Lower-Level Management (Operational Level)
Who Supervisors, Foremen, Office Managers
Functions - Oversee day-to-day operations

Functions of Management
1. Planning-Setting objectives and determining the best course of action to
achieve them.
• Example: A school plans a new curriculum for the next academic year.
2. Organizing-Arranging resources (people, material, capital) and assigning
tasks to achieve the plan.
• Example: Assigning teachers to different classes and subjects.
3. Staffing-Recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees.
• Example: Hiring new nurses in a hospital and giving them orientation.
4. Directing (Leading)-Guiding and motivating employees to achieve goals
through leadership and communication.
• Example: A manager motivating their team to complete a project on time.
5. Controlling-Monitoring and evaluating performance and taking corrective
actions if needed.
• Example: A retail store manager checking monthly sales reports and
adjusting strategies.

Principles of Management-14 pri by Henri Fayol
Principle Explanation
1. Division of Work
Specialization improves efficiency and
productivity.
2. Authority and
Responsibility
Managers must have the right to give orders,
and responsibility to carry them out.
3. Discipline
Respect for rules and agreements for smooth
functioning.
4. Unity of Command
Each employee should receive orders from
only one superior.
5. Unity of Direction
One plan for a group of activities with the
same objective.
6. Subordination of
Individual Interest
Organizational goals come before personal
interests.

7. Remuneration Fair wages for work done.
8. Centralization
The degree to which decision-making is
concentrated at the top.
9. Scalar Chain
A clear chain of command from top to
bottom.
10. Order
Everything and everyone should be in the
right place.
11. Equity
Fairness and kindness should be shown to
employees.
12. Stability of Tenure
Job security and stability promote better
performance.
13. Initiative
Employees should be encouraged to take
initiative.
14. Esprit de Corps
Team spirit and harmony increase
effectiveness and unity.

Role of a Nurse as a Manager-A nurse as a
manager plays a critical role in ensuring high-quality
patient care,quality of education, effective team
functioning, and efficient use of healthcare resources.
This role combines clinical expertise , teaching with
administrative responsibilities
1. Planning
• Forecasts patient care needs, staff requirements, and
resources.
• Prepares duty rosters and care plans.
2. Organizing
• Allocates tasks, staff, and equipment.
• Coordinates departments for smooth workflow.

3. Staffing
• Participates in recruitment, selection, orientation,
and training of nursing staff.
• Ensures proper staff-patient ratio.
4. Directing (Leading)
• Guides and motivates staff to provide quality care.
• Acts as a role model and promotes team spirit.
5. Controlling
• Monitors performance, maintains discipline, and
ensures adherence to standards.
• Conducts audits, evaluates outcomes, and initiates
corrective action.

• CO – Coordinating- is the process of ensuring
harmony and synchronization between different
departments and activities.
6-Reporting- involves keeping those to whom the
manager is responsible informed about progress,
problems, and outcomes
7-Budgeting- is the process of planning and
controlling the financial resources of the
organization.
POSDCORB is an acronym coined by
Luther Gulick –management process

Additional Responsibilities
Patient Care
Management
Ensures holistic, evidence-based, and
ethical care.
Resource Management
Manages supplies, medications, and
equipment efficiently.
Conflict Resolution
Handles staff or patient-related conflicts
with fairness and professionalism.
Policy Implementation
Ensures adherence to hospital policies,
procedures, and legal standards.
Quality Improvement
Participates in audits, feedback collection,
and quality assurance programs.
Communication
Acts as a link between doctors, patients,
relatives, and healthcare teams.
Documentation
Maintains accurate and legal records of
care, incidents, and staff activities.

Essential Qualities of a Nurse Manager
• Leadership skills
• Critical thinking and problem-solving
• Time management
• Communication skills
• Ethical and professional judgment

Introduction to Management Process
• The management process refers to a systematic series of actions
managers use to achieve organizational goals through the
efficient use of resources such as people, time, and materials. It
involves five core functions that are interrelated and continuous.
1. Planning- is the process of setting objectives and determining
the best course of action to achieve them.
➤ Key Aspects:
• Establishing goals (short-term and long-term)
• Identifying resources
• Forecasting future conditions
• Developing strategies
➤ Example:A hospital plans a new vaccination drive, sets a target
number of people to vaccinate, and decides on locations and staff
allocation.

2. Organizing- is the process of arranging
resources and tasks to implement the plan
effectively.
➤ Key Aspects:
• Identifying roles and responsibilities
• Departmentalization
• Allocation of resources
• Delegation of authority
➤ Example:In a nursing unit, assigning nurses to
shifts, wards, and specific duties based on skills
and patient needs.

3. Staffing- involves recruiting, selecting, training,
and developing the human resources of the
organization.
➤ Key Aspects:
• Workforce planning
• Recruitment and selection
• Training and development
• Performance appraisal
➤ Example:A nurse manager recruits new
nurses, conducts orientation, and organizes
skill development programs.

4. Directing / Leading- is guiding, supervising,
motivating, and leading employees to achieve
organizational goals.
➤ Key Aspects:
• Leadership
• Communication
• Motivation
• Supervision
➤ Example:A head nurse motivates the team
through appreciation, provides clear
instructions, and resolves conflicts among staff.

5. Controlling- is the process of monitoring
performance, comparing it with goals, and
taking corrective action.
➤ Key Aspects:
• Setting performance standards
• Measuring actual performance
• Identifying deviations
• Implementing corrections
➤ Example:A manager reviews patient care
reports, identifies areas where standards are
not met, and implements improvements.

CO – Coordination- is the process of ensuring
harmony and synchronization between different
departments and activities.
➤ Key Aspects:
• Integrating various units toward common goals
• Aligning schedules and resource use
• Preventing duplication of efforts
• Facilitating collaboration
Example-Coordinating between the emergency
room, lab services, and pharmacy to ensure
smooth patient treatment.

6- Reporting-it involves keeping those to whom the
manager is responsible informed about progress,
problems, and outcomes.
➤ Key Aspects:
• Collecting data and maintaining records
• Preparing regular reports (daily, weekly, monthly)
• Sharing updates with higher authorities and
stakeholders
• Using communication tools like meetings, memos,
and dashboards
Example:A nurse supervisor submits daily patient care
reports to hospital administration and highlights
key concerns.

7-Budgeting-it is the process of planning and
controlling the financial resources of the
organization.
➤ Key Aspects:
• Estimating revenues and expenses
• Allocating financial resources
• Monitoring expenditures
• Conducting financial audits
Example:-A ward manager prepares an annual
budget for staff salaries, medical supplies, and
maintenance.

POSDCORB helps break down complex management
responsibilities into clear, actionable tasks. It is widely used in
public administration, healthcare, education, and corporate
management, and remains a valuable tool for improving
efficiency, accountability, and coordination in organizations

Management Basics Applied to Nursing.pptx

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