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Media key terms sound
- 1. MEDIA KEY TERMS Images and Definitions for Revision PART E: SOUND
- 2. Key Terms • Diegesis • Sound Scape • Score (music) • Diegetic • Non-diegetic • Volume control • Dialogue – Speech, language and accents • Mode of address • Direct Address • Voiceover • Ambient Sound • Sound bridging (part of continuity editing) • Sound perspective • Sound effects – Naturalistic vs unnatralistic – Foley • Synchronous • Asynchronous • Incidental music • Sound motifs
- 3. The power of sound • Is part of the production process but mostly with the POST-PRODUCTION process • Like good editing, it is invisible • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6ZSZbNfSpk You don’t realise how things are made!
- 4. Purpose of sound • What purpose does sound have in TV/Film? • Set mood/atmosphere – Romantic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7xddcpYlz8 – Thrilling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCfWHqrYUqo – Sad – Heroic/triumphful http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCjoOOrgVMM – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDC47NsoRE0 slumdog (what mood?) • Emphasize reality – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3q17gkuOcc matrix
- 5. Diegesis/Diegetic world • The world of film/TV programmes we see on screen is known as the DEGESIS or the diegetic world. • We can only see a section of this world. • The things that make up the diegesis are diegetic elements • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juVb1SDHWrk (diegesis)
- 6. Sound Scape Scape = the wider scene •The whole set of sound used •Like ‘Mise-en-scene for sound’ Sound scape = ALL the sounds in a text
- 7. Score (music) Music composed, arranged and played specifically for the production Example: 1) Adele = Skyfall (James Bond) 2) Celine Dion = My heart will go on (Titanic) Basically, any music that is written for TV/film….. Purpose = sets mood and atmosphere to a scene http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTF5XvwcYZI sound interview with quentin
- 8. Diegetic sound • Sounds that characters CAN hear. • Sound that comes from a person or object in the diegesis and seen within the field of vision. (can be seen in screen) Example: 1) Matrix = hearing helicopter sounds
- 9. Diegetic sound examples • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=276mzf_Go8U top gun • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRI15yhjeNQ night club • Don’t make assumption that music is non-diegetic!
- 10. Non-diegetic sound • Sounds that characters CANNOT hear • Sounds that are not in the diegesis • Example: score (music) and voiceovers. – Score/music will often set mood/atmosphere
- 11. Non-diegetic sounds • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6-M8lXAE8k twelve trailer • What parts are non-diegetic? – Third personal narrator – Score music to set mood – Text on screen – Text on black screen – Sound with countdown (numbers) – Transition sound effect (swooshing)
- 12. Volume Control • The control of how quiet or how loud sound is • This is to set or emphasize mood/atmosphere • *Usually parallels with PACE (editing) • When would sounds be quiet? Why? Effect on audience? • When would they be loud? Why? Effect on audience? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMx-Az5Da4M how does the volume level change? Why?
- 13. Dialogue (speech & language) • Dialogue is speech made from characters when talking (what they say) Consider: • Language (what they say and meanings of words) • Tone (aggressive, serious, sympathetic) • Accent (where from?) • Volume (whisper or shouting) • In hustle……compare the 2 men at the end.
- 14. Mode of address • This is the manner in which the narrative comes across to the audience. • Style of language used by character or narrator – If characters are represented of an educated class perhaps they will use more sophisticated and complex vocabulary and are well spoken than of lower class • The mode of address might cover accent used by characters of a particular regional identity (example liverpool) • Mode of address would also cover the way in which a narrator speaks to an audience ……think of the tone – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_-7QtC2oms dove – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F08U2yCxbYg armani code
- 15. Direct address • When a narrator and character speaks directly to audience (looking at camera) • Brings reality and diegesis together • This technique breaks the verisimilitude (the world of the show) and acknowledges the presence of the audience. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FG0y8efmMAQ miranda
- 16. Voiceovers • Where voice from outside the diegesis gives the audience information. Often this voice tells us a story (narrator) or may be from a character in the story to communicate their thoughts or feelings. • Example: this was common in film noir in 40/50’s and could give audience information about their thoughts (that perhaps only the audience should know) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JV1436VsnZY (diegetic) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bkwke3UCbCQ sex and the city (narrating = non-diegetic)
- 17. Ambient sound • Background sound in diegesis • Does not have to be in field of vision • IN field of vision = crowd in restaurant • OUT of field of vision = traffic outside • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bkwke3UCbCQ identify the ambient sounds
- 18. Sound bridge • Where sound (diegetic or non-diegestic) continues across one or more cuts/transitions. • PART OF CONTINUITY EDITING • Called bridge because it connects and continues the sound like a bridge • It is applicable in ANY shot reverse shot when a character is talking • Example: scene in freedom writers when guy was reading diary, and there was shot reverse shots between him and the classmates this is part of continuity editing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f8liieRepk • Example: in love actually christmas scene = playing silent night continues http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KtVKu9CfDA
- 19. Sound perspective • Sound recording that helps us place a sound as either near or distant or coming from a particular place within the diegesis • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1w_73ROcJuo
- 20. Sound effects • Sounds added to the visuals in the editing NATURALISTIC SOUND EFFECTS UNATURALISTIC SOUND EFFECTS -sound of traffic outside the window added -boing sound (for comical purpose) in editing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qSB-JPQWbU -punching -whooshing sound in a flashback
- 21. Sound effect examples • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbliAXRxRhQ fighting • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sy_Aje0hnac record scratch • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjAQOjv3eg0 matrix neo swallow • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlZ5vkPS34M tron club fight • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i48Ab0rg2U cheap tricks (flying) • http://vimeo.com/48955170 haha guys vs girls
- 22. Foley • Foley is trick used to create naturalistic sound effects. • It is to use different objects to imitate the sound of other objects (and then add them in post-production (editing) to emphasize the sounds for an audience • It is used because often sounds get compromised in filming process (production process) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHa98mDfOR4 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OONaPcZ4EAs 70’s • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nu2Va2CIxfE clothes ripping
- 23. Synchronous sound • Where the sound is synchronized with the object giving off the sound • Ex. You can see an alarm clock and you can hear it going off • Ex. Radio playing silent night in love actually scene • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar0xLps7WSY which are the synchronous sounds? • .
- 24. Asynchronous sound • Where the soundtrack is deliberately out of sync (out of time) with what we see. • Sound that comes from an action but not precisely synchronized with the action – Example: character has died on scene, shot remains on them but you can hear phone ring and hear answering machine (but you cant see answering machine) – Example: an advert for drunk driving where the advert visuals are of a girl on stretcher bleeding while the voiceover is her voice with her friends telling her to have another drink and deciding to drink
- 25. Asynchronous sound examples • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7j0avp3PVVE which is synchronous? Which is asynchornous? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8JJsNQoIDc hunger games bees
- 26. Incidental music/sound motif • Non-diegetic music that accompanies events or changes of the scenes • Incidental music is often "background" music, and adds atmosphere to the action. It may take the form of something as simple as a low, ominous tone suggesting an impending startling event or to enhance the depiction of a story-advancing sequence. • It could be a type of music that plays when things go wrong (example simpsons) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vK8NO-p1AA • Example: Most films have 4 related motifs in theme tune: each indicating a narrative turning point: eg. Start or resolution of a chase sequence for example • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiRPWfz3HZw what does this music indicate?
- 27. Sound motifs • Sound associated with a character or place. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyBlKqktP_E (what is this sound usually used for?) • Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzZAnq3kZQg What would you expect to hear in a scene in a: School? Arcade?
- 28. Task • Watch this clip and analyse the sound: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OrXdBYojBQ matrix dance scene • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2sXXG3tTaI hunger games interview scene
- 29. Key Terms • Diegesis • Sound Scape • Score (music) • Diegetic • Non-diegetic • Volume control • Dialogue – Speech, language and accents • Mode of address • Direct Address • Voiceover • Ambient Sound Fill in the chart • Sound bridging (part of continuity editing) • Sound perspective • Sound effects GREEN AMBER RED – Naturalistic vs unnatralistic (Terms I am confident (Terms I am ok with) (Terms I am not – Foley with) confident with) • Synchronous • Asynchronous • Incidental music • Sound motifs
- 30. Homework • GREEN = revise once • AMBER = revise twice • RED = revise three times • Search youtube and put terms on your blog (in powerpoint or blog posts) • Extension: write meaning of terms in book as an extra form of revision