Nagios, Getting Started.
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The document provides a comprehensive overview of Nagios, an open-source IT infrastructure monitoring tool, outlining its features, architecture, and monitoring capabilities for both public and private services. Key functionalities include active and passive checks, event handlers, notification systems, and reporting mechanisms to enhance proactive problem detection and resolution. It also offers guidance for beginners, training options, and resources for effective utilization of the software.
![Event Handlers
Event handlers are executed when a service or host:
⢠Is in a SOFT problem state
⢠Initially goes into a HARD problem state
⢠Initially recovers from a SOFT or HARD problem state
define service {
..
event_handler command_name
event_handler_enabled [0/1]
..
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nagios-140911144441-phpapp02/85/Nagios-Getting-Started-24-320.jpg)
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Nagios, Getting Started.
- 1. The Industry Standard In IT Infrastructure Monitoring
- 2. Who are using Nagios
- 3. Agenda ⢠What is Nagios ⢠What can you do with Nagios ⢠Features ⢠Basic o Architecture o Terminology ⢠Monitoring ⢠State Types ⢠Active / Passive Checks ⢠Reports
- 4. What is Nagios Core Open Source system and network monitoring application
- 5. With Nagios you can ⢠Monitor your entire IT infrastructure ⢠Spot problems before they occur ⢠Know immediately when problems arise ⢠Share availability data with stakeholders ⢠Detect security breaches ⢠Plan and budget for IT upgrades ⢠Reduce downtime and business losses
- 6. Features ⢠Monitoring of network services ⢠SMTP ⢠POP3 ⢠HTTP ⢠PING and more ⢠Monitoring of host resources ⢠Processor load ⢠Disk usage and more ⢠Simple plugin design that allows users to easily develop their own service checks ⢠Parallelized service checks
- 7. Features ⢠Ability to define network host hierarchy/groups ⢠Allowing detection of and distinction between hosts that are down and those that are unreachable ⢠Contact notifications when service or host problems occur and get resolved via ⢠Email ⢠Pager ⢠or user-defined methods ⢠Ability to define event handlers to be run during service or host events for proactive problem resolution
- 8. Features ⢠Automatic log file rotation ⢠Support for implementing redundant monitoring hosts ⢠Optional web interface for viewing ⢠Current network status ⢠Notification ⢠Problem history ⢠Log file and more
- 9. Basics
- 10. Basics
- 11. Basics
- 12. Basics
- 13. Basics
- 14. Basics Definitions ⢠Host ⢠Service ⢠Contacts ⢠Commands ⢠TimePeriod ⢠Eventhandlers
- 15. Basics Host Defines a physical server, workstation, device, etc. that resides on your network.
- 16. Basics Host define host{ host_name remotehost alias some Remote Host address 192.168.1.50 contacts admin max_check_attempts 3 check_period 24x7 notification_interval 60 notification_period 24x7 }
- 17. Basics Service ⢠Its a service that runs on the host. ⢠Actual service on the host like POP, SMTP, HTTP, etc.) ⢠Metric associated with the host (response to a ping, number of logged in users, free disk space, etc.
- 18. Basics Service
- 19. Basics Service define service { host_name linux-server service_description check-disk-sda1 check_command check-disk!/dev/sda1 max_check_attempts 5 check_interval 5 retry_interval 3 check_period 24x7 notification_interval 30 notification_period 24x7 notification_options w,c,r contact_groups admins }
- 20. Basics Contacts Identify someone who should be contacted in the event of a problem. define contact{ contact_name admin alias admin host_notifications_enabled 1 service_notifications_enabled 1 service_notification_period 24x7 host_notification_period 24x7 service_notification_options w,u,c,r host_notification_options d,u,r service_notification_commands notify-by-email host_notification_commands host-notify-by-email email [email protected] address1 [email protected] }
- 21. Basics Commands define command{ name check_http command_name check_http command_line $USER1$/check_http -I $HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$ } define host { .. address 192.168.1.50 .. } define service { .. check_command check-disk!/dev/sda1 .. }
- 22. Basics Time Period Valid times for notifications and service checks. define timeperiod{ timeperiod_name nonworkhours alias Non-Work Hours sunday 00:00-24:00 week monday 00:00-09:00,17:00-24:00 tuesday 00:00-09:00,17:00-24:00 wednesday 00:00-09:00,17:00-24:00 thursday 00:00-09:00,17:00-24:00 friday 00:00-09:00,17:00-24:00 saturday 00:00-24:00 }
- 23. Event Handlers Event handlers are optional system commands (scripts or executables) that are run whenever a host or service state change occurs. ⢠Restarting a failed service ⢠Entering a trouble ticket into a helpdesk system ⢠Logging event information to a database ⢠Cycling power on a host
- 24. Event Handlers Event handlers are executed when a service or host: ⢠Is in a SOFT problem state ⢠Initially goes into a HARD problem state ⢠Initially recovers from a SOFT or HARD problem state define service { .. event_handler command_name event_handler_enabled [0/1] .. }
- 25. Basics Other Blocks ⢠contactgroup ⢠servicegroup ⢠servicedependency ⢠serviceescalation ⢠serviceextinfo ⢠hostdependency ⢠hostescalation ⢠hostextinfo
- 26. Monitoring Services Nagios can be used to monitor Public and Private Services ⢠Private Services ⢠CPU load ⢠Memory usage ⢠Disk usage ⢠Logged in users ⢠Running processes ⢠Publicly available services that are provided by Linux servers ⢠HTTP ⢠FTP ⢠SSH ⢠SMTP
- 27. Monitoring Private Services ⢠Plugins/Addons are mostly used for monitoring private services. ⢠NRPE addon is installed on the target servers (Nagios Remote Plugin Executor) ⢠Its is an addon that allows you to execute plugins on remote Linux/Unix hosts
- 28. Monitoring Private Services ⢠NCSA addon (Nagios Service Check Adapter)) ⢠Allows you to send passive check results from remote Linux/Unix to the Nagios daemon running on the monitoring server. ⢠This is very useful in distributed and redundant/failover monitoring setups.
- 29. Monitoring Public Services ⢠Check plugins first @ Nagios Exchange ⢠Walk through ⢠Create host in file within cfg dir ⢠Define Service for each process/service that needs to be monitored. ⢠Service uses pre-defined/custom defined commands. ⢠Define contacts who would receive notifications and take action.
- 30. State Types ⢠Based on variable max_check_attempts ⢠The SOFT state is logged, when ⢠Number of checks havenât completed yet ⢠When a service or host recovers from a soft error. This is considered a soft recovery.
- 31. State Types ⢠HARD state is logged, when ⢠Number of checks have completed ⢠When a host or service transitions from one hard error state to another error state (e.g. WARNING to CRITICAL). ⢠ex. Running to Down ⢠When a service check results in a non-OK state and its corresponding host is either DOWN or UNREACHABLE. ⢠When a host or service recovers from a hard error state. This is considered to be a hard recovery. ⢠Contacts are notified of the host or service problem or recovery.
- 32. Active / Passive Checks Active Checks â Initiated by the Nagios process â Ran on a regularly scheduled basis
- 33. Active / Passive Checks Passive Checks â Passive checks are initiated and performed by external applications/processes â Passive check results are submitted to Nagios for processing ⢠Used for ⢠Checks that are asynchronous in nature â Located behind a firewall and cannot be checked actively from the monitoring host
- 34. Nagios in Action Demo Time : http://nagioscore.demos.nagios.com/
- 35. Reports ⢠Availability Report Report for uptime and services ⢠Trends Report Graphical breakdown of of state of particular host, service.
- 36. Reports ⢠Alert History Report Record of historical alerts
- 37. Reports ⢠Alert Summary Report
- 38. Reports ⢠Alert Histogram Report Frequency graph of host and service alerts
- 39. Reports ⢠Notification Report Provides historical record of notifications sent to contacts
- 40. Summary ⢠Infra monitoring ⢠Anomaly Outage detection ⢠Automatic Problem remedy ⢠Schedule Downtime ⢠Outage Alerts ⢠Alert Escalations ⢠Historical Reporting ⢠Maintenance Planning
- 41. Advice for Beginners ⢠Relax - it's going to take some time. ⢠Use the quickstart instructions. ⢠Read the documentation. ⢠visiting the Nagios Support Forum at http://support.nagios. com/forum/.
- 42. Next Steps ⢠Get your hands dirty ⢠Get training Live / Self paced training ⢠Get certified Nagios Certified Professional Nagios Certified Administrator ⢠Use it to Monitor your infra.
- 43. References ⢠Nagios Documentation ⢠Nagios Online Demo ⢠Slideshare ⢠NRPE Blog
- 44. Thank You