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Neal Lesh
- 1. Computer science applications to improve health delivery in low-income countries. Neal Lesh
- 2. Ā
- 3. My Story Mid-thirties computer researcher seeks more fulfilling career. Goes back to school then off to Africa. Discovers things are more simple and more complex than he originally imagined. Can't imagine doing anything else...
- 4. Outline Background The simplicity and complexity of global inequity Two examples Patient record systems for AIDS treatment Medical algorithms on handhelds Conclusion
- 5. Risk Factor for surviving the Titanic. % survived Poverty as a
- 7. Simple Story $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $ Infant mortality: 5 per 1,000 births Maternal mortality: 8 per 100K births Life expectancy: 78 years Infant mortality: 95 per 1,000 births Maternal mortality: 500-1000 per 100K Life expectancy: 45 years 300-540 57 69
- 8. Simple Story $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $
- 9. Simple Story $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$ Infant mortality: 95 per 1,000 births Maternal mortality: 500-1000 per 100,000 b Life expectancy: 45 years
- 10. Simple Story ā We are the first generation that can end poverty. ā - Eveline Herfkens, UN Millennium Campaign
- 11. Complexity Corruption, careerism, tax write-offs 5-star poverty alleviation meetings Unintended consequences, e.g., paying volunteers Imperialism & foreign experts ā If you want to build a ship, don't drum up people to collect wood and don't assign them tasks and work, but rather teach them to long for the endless immensity of the sea.ā Antoine de Saint-Exupery
- 12. Information as Care Study: rigorous application of standard treatment protocols reduced in-hospital mortality in childrenās malaria cases by 50% Clinicianās complaint: where are my lab results?! Patient Knowledge Example: five danger signs for seeking care during and after labor.
- 13. Outline Background The simplicity and complexity of global inequity Two examples Patient record systems for AIDS treatment Medical algorithms on handhelds Conclusion
- 14. One year later AIDS Treatment in Rural Rwanda
- 15. One year later Improving Health Systems
- 16. One year later Connecting to the Internet
- 17. Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Patient Monitoring Reports Clinicians & Patients Managers EMR Staff Paper forms Program Monitoring Reports Funder & government reports $ Re-allocate resources
- 20. ICT task: satisfy reporting requests
- 21. OpenMRS Open source framework for medical record systems www.openmrs.org
- 22. Data Quality Mistyped IDs Missing & conflicting data Backlog Potential solution: point-of-care systems
- 23. Challenges & Opportunities Keep up with demand Increased impact on decision making Inform to Improve (I2I) teams Integration of lab and pharmacy components Detecting important trends in data
- 24. Outline Background The simplicity and complexity of global inequity Two examples Patient record systems for AIDS treatment Medical algorithms on handhelds Conclusion
- 25. Rural Dispensary in Tanzania
- 29. Tanzania: underfive mortality was 13% lower in the two IMCI districts Source: Schellenberg J et al Full IMCI in HF End of study 13% difference 95% CI: -7%, 30% Significant impact on stunting
- 30. Deploying IMCI IMCI Shown to reduce mortality and morbidity Adopted by ~100 countries But uptake not as good as hoped Training expensive Correct use tapers off over time Supervision challenging
- 32. Why Automate IMCI? Improve adherence Improve supervision Easier to update More sophisticated protocols Reduced training
- 33. Field Work Results to be published in CHIā08
- 35. Exploratory Study Pretesting & rapid iteration Structured interviews Observed trials w/ additional clinician to: Ensure safety Record adherence to IMCI Record time
- 36. Viral Training
- 37. Key Findings Must be Fast Flexible Improve adherence to IMCI Must address intentional deviation from IMCI Temperature, respiratory rate Advice
- 38. Adherence Results Investigation Current practice adherence e-IMCI adherence p-value Vomiting 66.7% (n=24) 85.7% (n=28) - Chest indrawing 75% (n=20) 94.4% (n=18) - Blood in stool 71.4% (n=7) 100% (n=3) - Measles in the last 3 months 55.6% (n=9) 95.2% (n=21) < 0.05 Tender ear 0% (n=1) 100% (n=5) - All 61% (n=299) 84.7% (n=359) < 0.01
- 39. Triaging patients on treatment for AIDS (Study ongoing in South Africa)
- 40. e-CTC for HIV screening Counselors ask a series of questions leading to a patient assessment.
- 41. CommCare Start House Hold Visit Plan Day Explore Data Exit
- 42. House Hold Visit (Task Queue) 0 0 0:04:56 Register Birth Investigate Diarrhea of Sick Child Review malaria bed nets Topic of month: nutrition during pregnancy END VISIT
- 43. Day Planning MKWERA : TB Referral (2 wks) MKEA: Severe diarrhea (3 days) CHUMA: late HH visit (3 months) KAIGILE: routine HH visit MGANDA: routine HH visit EXIT
- 44. Outline Background The simplicity and complexity of global inequity Two examples Patient record systems for AIDS treatment Medical algorithms on handhelds Conclusion
- 45. Conclusion Key points Must understand context Much potential, many challenges Keep it simple Challenges Evaluation, local ownership, I2I, duplication of effort, ā¦